2023年考研外语模拟试卷14

考研外语模拟试卷14

一、UseofEnglish

1、IstheUnitedStatesameltingpot?Inotherwords,have

immigrantstotheUSAmergedwiththenativeAmericansand

(1)tobeGermans,Japanese,Poles,Irish,etc?Ithasbeen

(2)a"potofstew“mightbeamoresuitablewordthan

“meltingpot”,(3)inastewthemeatandvegetableskeep

theirowncharacteristics,but(4)tothespicesandthe

(5)itiscooked,thestewhasadistinctiveflavorofits

own.Theimplicationsof"meltingpot〃(6)Americansocial

workersandlanguageteachers,manyof(7)feelthat

racialandnationalgroupsshouldbeencouragedto(8)

theircustoms,traditionsandlanguages.Atthesametimeit

isagreedthatallAmericans,(9)theirorigins,must

learntospeakEnglishclearlyandfluently,andtheymustlearn

to(10)themselvestotheAmericanwayoflife.

However,thereareethnicgroupswhostill(11)together,

whospeaktheirownlanguagesandhavepreservedmanyoftheir

oldcustoms.ThereareHispanic(12),e.g.Mexicans,

Cubans,PuertoRicans,mostofwhomstillspeakSpanishastheir

(13)language.TherearetheAmericanIndiansand

(14)Asiangroups,allofwhomspeaktheirownlanguages.

Thentherearethe20millionblacks,who,(15)theyspeak

English,forthemostpartliveseparately.Manyblacksare

beginningto(16)_____theirrootsrightbacktotheAfrican

tribes(17)whichtheirancestorsweretorninthedays

ofslaveryandsomeofthemare(18)themselvesmoreand

morewithAfrica.Someblackleaders(19),remindingthem

thattheircultureandtheirlanguagearenotAfrican.Theyare

American.Butmanyblacksare(20)bitteragainstwhite

culturetofeelAmerican.

A.ceased

B.stopped

C.paused

D.halted

2、(2)

A.implied

B.indicated

C.suggested

D.deduced

3、(3)

A.so

B.for

C.though

D.unless

4、(4)

A.due

B.owe

C.thanks

D.next

5、(5)

A.way

B.method

C.manner

D.style

6、(6)

A.disturb

B.puzzle

C.thrill

D.terrify

7、⑺

A.them

B.those

C.who

3

D.whom

8、(8)

A.abandon

B.submit

C.preserve

D.withhold

9、(9)

A.whatever

B.however

C.wherever

D.whenever

10、(10)

A.reform

B.adapt

C.modify

D.convert

IK(H)

A.stick

B.glue

C.gather

D.assemble

12、(12)

工4

A.societies

B.communities

C.tribes

D.establishment

13、(13)

A.first

B.best

C.fittest

D.superior

14、(14)

A.differential

B.variable

C.various

D.alternate

15、(15)

A.though

B.if

C.even

D.since

16、(16)

A.pursue

B.trail

5

C.trace

D.uphold

17、(17)

A.about

B.for

C.from

D.against

18、(18)

A.identifying

B.recognizing

C.verifying

D.realizing

19、(19)

A.disapprove

B.suspect

C.discontent

D.reject

20、(20)

A.so

B.too

C.quite

D.very

目6

二、ReadingComprehension

1、PartA

Directions:Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestions

beloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.(40points)

Beautyhasalwaysbeenregardedassomethingpraiseworthy.

Almosteveryonethinksattractivepeoplearehappierand

healthier,havebettermarriagesandrespectableoccupations.

Personalconsultantsgivebetteradviceforfindingjobs.Even

judgesaresofteronattractivedefendants.Butinthe

executivecircle,beautycanbecomealiability.

Whileattractivenessisapositivefactorforamanonhisway

uptheexecutiveladder,itisharmfultoawoman.

Handsomemaleexecutiveswereperceivedashavingmore

integritythanplainermen;effortandabilitywerethoughtto

accountfortheirsuccess.

Attractivefemaleexecutiveswereconsideredtohaveless

integritythanunattractiveones;theirsuccesswasattributed

nottoabilitybuttofactorssuchasluck.

Allunattractivewomenexecutiveswerethoughttohavemore

integrityandtobemorecapablethantheattractivefemale

executives.Increasingly,though,theriseoftheunattractive

overnightsuccesseswasattributedmoretopersonal

relationshipsandlesstoabilitythanwasthatofattractive

overnightsuccesses.

Whyareattractivewomennotthoughttobeable?Anattractive

womanisperceivedtobemorefeminineandanattractiveman

moremasculinethanthelessattractiveones.Thusan

attractivewomanhasanadvantageintraditionallyfemalejobs,

butanattractivewomaninatraditionallymasculineposition

appearstolackthe"masculine"qualitiesrequired.

Thisistrueeveninpolitics."Whentheoneclueishowheor

shelooks,peopletreatmenandwomendifferently,saysAnne

Bowman,whorecentlypublishedastudyontheeffectsof

attractivenessonpoliticalcandidates.Sheasked125

undergraduatestoranktwogroupsofphotographs,oneofmen

andoneofwomen,inorderofattractiveness.Thestudentswere

toldthephotographswereofcandidatesforpoliticaloffices.

Theywereaskedtorankthemagain,intheordertheywouldvote

forthem.

Theresultsshowedthatattractivemalesutterlydefeated

unattractivemen,butthewomenwhohadbeenrankedmost

attractiveinvariablyreceivedthefewestvotes.

Theword"liability”(Para.1)mostprobablymeans

A.misfortune

B.instability

C.disadvantage

D.burden

2、

Intraditionallyfemalejobs,attractiveness

A.reinforcesthefemalequalitiesrequired

B.makeswomenlookmorehonestandcapable

C.isofprimaryimportancetowomen

D.oftenenableswomentosucceedquickly

3、

Bowman(sexperimentrevealsthatwhenitcomestopolitics,

attractiveness

A.turnsouttobeanobstacle

B.affectsmenandwomenalike

C.hasaslittleeffectonmenasonwomen

D.ismoreofanobstaclethanabenefittowomen

4、

Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatpeople'sviewson

beautyareoften.

A.practical

B.prejudiced

C.old-fashioned

D.radical

5、

Theauthorwritesthispassageto.

A.discussthenegativeaspectsofbeingattractive

B.giveadvicetojob-seekerswhoareattractive

C.demandequalrightsforwomen

D.emphasizetheimportanceofappearance

6、Theideaofpublicworksprojectsasadevicetoprevent

orcontroldepressionwasdesignedasameansofcreatingjob

opportunitiesforunemployedworkersandasa"pumppriming”

devicetoaidbusinesstorevive.Itwasconceivedduringthe

earlyyearsoftheNewDealEra(1933—1937).By1933,the

numberofunemployedworkershadreachedabout13million.This

meantthatabout50millionpeople一aboutone-thirdofthe

nation—werewithoutmeansofsupport.Atfirst,directrelief

intheform,ofcashorfoodwasprovidedthesepeople.This

madethemrecipientsofgovernmentcharity.Inordertoremove

thisstigmaandrestoretotheunemployedsomemeasureof

respectabilityandhumandignity,aplanwasdevisedtocreate

governmentallysponsoredworkprojectsthatprivateindustry

wouldnotorcouldnotprovide.Thiswouldalsostimulate

productionandrevivebusinessactivity.

Thebestwaytoexplainhowthisprocedureisexpectedtowork

istoexplainhowitactuallyworkedwhenitwasfirsttried.

ThefirstexperimentwithitwasthecreationoftheWorks

ProjectAdministration(WPA).Thisagencysetupworkprojects

invariousfieldsinwhichthereweremanyunemployed.For

example,unemployedactorswereorganizedintotheater

projects,orchestraswereorganizedforunemployedmusicians,

teachingprojectsforunemployedteachers,andevenwriters'

projectsforunemployedwriters.Unemployedlaborerswereput

toworkbuildingormaintainingroads,parks,playgrounds,or

publicbuildings.Thesewerealltemporaryworkrelief

projects一ratherthanpermanentworkopportunities.

Moresubstantialworkprojectsofapermanentnaturewere

organizedbyanotheragency,thePublicWorksAdministration

(PWA).Thisagencyundertooktheplanningofconstructionof

schools,houses,postoffices,dams,andotherpublic

structures.Itenteredintocontractswithprivate

constructionfirmstoerectthem,oritloanedmoneytolocal

orstategovernmentswhichundertooktheirconstructions.This

createdmanyjobsinthefactoriesproducingthematerialas

wellasintheprojectsthemselves,andgreatlyreducedthe

numberofunemployed.

Stillanotheragencywhichprovidedworkprojectsforthe

unemployedwastheCivilianConservationCorps(CCC).This

agencyprovidedjobopportunitiesforyouthsaged16to20to

workinnationalparksorforestsclearingland,guarding

againstfires,buildingroads,ordoingotherconservationwork.

Intheeventofafuturedepression,thefederategovernment

mightreviveanyoralloftheabovemethodstorelieve

unemploymentandstimulatebusiness.

ThePWAdifferedfromtheWPAinthat

A.theworkprojectsoftheformerwerecardedoutbythe

FederalGovernment

B.thegovernmentsubsidizedprivateindustry

C.thenumberofunemployedwasreduced

D.theformerwasgovernment，sfirstattempttoendhardship

duetounemployment

7、

OnemethodofpreventingoralleviatingdepressionNot

mentionedbytheauthoristheuseof

A.thedole

B.theWPA

C.theCCC

D.jobsharing

8、

Theauthorimpliesthat

A.individualsonreliefdonotreceiveenoughmoneytomeet

basicneeds

B.thosewhogetdirectfinancialaidfromthegovernment

sufferalossofhumandignity

C.aidshouldbegivenintheform,offoodsubsidies

D.aprogramof"pumppriming"isvitalatalltimes

9、

Byusingtheexpression“pumppriming"asadescriptionof

publicworksprojects,theauthorimpliesthatit

A.waspouringmoneydownthedrain

B.loweredhumandignity

C.avoideddirectcharity

D.providedbusinesswithinitialimpetuswhichwou1dmakeit

selfsufficient

10、

Thepassagemainlytalksabout

A.theNewDealEra(1993—1937)

B.theWPAandthePWA

C.apatternforthefuture

D.one-thirdofanation

11、Onceitwaspossibletodefinemaleandfemaleroleseasily

bythedivisionoflabour.Menworkedoutsidethehomeand

earnedtheincometosupporttheirfamilies,whilewomencooked

themealsandtookcareofthehomeandthechildren.Theseroles

werefirmlyfixedformostpeople,andtherewasnotmuch

opportunityformenorwomentoexchangetheirroles.Butby

themiddleofthiscentury,men,sandwomen，sroleswere

becominglessfirmlyfixed.

Inthe1950s,economicandsocialsuccesswasthegoalofthe

typicalAmerican.Butinthe1960sanewforcedevelopedcalled

thecounterculture.Thepeopleinvolvedinthismovementdid

notvaluethemiddle-classAmericangoals.Thecounterculture

presentedmenandwomenwithnewrolechoices.Takingmore

interestinchildcare,menbegantosharechild-raisingtasks

withtheirwives.Infact,someyoungmenandwomenmovedto

communalhomesorfarmswheretheeconomicandchildcare

responsibilitiesweresharedequallybybothsexes.Inaddition,

manyAmericansdidnotvaluethetraditionalmaleroleof

soldier.Someyoungmenrefusedtobedraftedassoldiersto

fightinthewarinVietnam.

Intermsofnumbers,thecounterculturewasnotaverylarge

groupofpeople.Butitsinfluencespreadtomanypartsof

Americansociety.Workingmenofallclassesbegantochange

theireconomicandsocialpatterns.Industrialworkersand

businessexecutivesalikecutdownon"over-time“worksothat

theycouldspendmoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies.Some

doctors,lawyers,andteachersturnedawayfromhighpaying

situationstopracticetheirprofessionsinpoorer

neighbourhoods.

Inthe1970s,thefeministmovement,orwomen'sliberation,

producedadditionaleconomicandsocialchanges.Womenofall

agesandatalllevelsofsocietywereenteringtheworkforce

ingreaternumbers.Mostofthemstilltooktraditionalwomen's

jobssuchaspublicschoolteaching,nursing,andsecretarial

work.Butsomewomenbegantoentertraditionally,male

occupations:policework,banking,dentistry,andconstruction

work.Womenwereaskingforequalwork,andequalopportunities

forpromotion.

Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainpointof

Paragraph1?

A.Womenusuallyworkedoutsidethehomeforwages

B.Men'sandwomen'sroleswereeasilyexchangedinthepast

C.Men'srolesathomeweremorefirmlyfixedthanwomen，s

D.Men'sandwomen，sroleswereusuallyquiteseparatedinthe

past

12、

WhichsentenceisthemainideaofParagraph2?

A.Thefirstsentence

B.Thesecondandthethirdsentences

C.Thefourthsentence

D.Thelastsentence

13、

Inthepassagetheauthorsuggeststhatthe

counterculture

A.destroyedtheUnitedStates

B.changedsomeAmericanvalues

C.wasnotimportantintheUnitedStates

D.broughtpeoplemoreleisuretimewiththeirfamilies

14、

Itcouldbeinferredfromthepassagethat

A.menandwomenwillneversharethesamegoals

B.somemenwillbewillingtochangetheirtraditionalmale

roles

C.mostmenwillbehappytosharesomeofthehousehold

responsibilitieswiththeirwives

D.moreAmericanhouseholdsareheadedbywomenthanever

before

15、

Thebesttitleforthearticleis

A.ResultsofFeministMovement

B.NewInfluencesinAmericanLife

C.CountercultureandItsConsequence

D.TraditionalDivisionofMaleandFemaleRoles

16、OurculturehascausedmostAmericanstoassumenotonly

thatourlanguageisuniversalbutthatthegesturesweuseare

understoodbyeveryone.Wedonotrealizethatwavinggood-bye

isthewaytosummonapersonfromthePhilippinestoone'sside,

orthatinItalyandsomeLatin-Americancountries,curlingthe

fingertooneselfisasignoffarewell.

Thoseprivatecitizenswhosentpackagestoourtroops

occupyingGermanyafterWorldWarIIandmarkedthemGIFTto

escapedutypaymentsdidnotbothertofindoutthat"Gift"

meanspoisoninGerman.Moreover,we1iketothinkofourselves

asfriendly,yetweprefertobeatleast3feetoranarm's

lengthawayfromothers.LatinsandMiddleEasternersliketo

comecloserandtouch,whichmakesAmericansuncomfortable.

Ourlinguisticandculturalblindnessandthecasualnesswith

whichwetakenoticeofthedevelopedtastes,gestures,customs

andlanguagesofothercountries,arelosingourfriends,

businessandrespectintheworld.

EvenhereintheUnitedStates,wemakefewconcessionstothe

needsofforeignvisitors.Therearenoinformationsignsin

fourlanguagesonourpublicbuildingsormonuments;wedonot

havemultilingualguidedtours.Veryfewrestaurantmenushave

translations,andmultilingualwaiters,bankclerksand

policemenarerare.Ourtransportationsystemshavemapsin

Englishonlyandoftenweourselveshavedifficulty

understandingthem.

Whenwegoabroad,wetendtoclusterinhotelsandrestaurants

whereEnglishisspoken.Theattitudesandinformationwepick

upateconditionedbythosenatives—usuallythericher一who

speakEnglish.Ourbusinessdealings,aswellasthenation's

diplomacy,areconductedthroughinterpreters.

Formanyyears,AmericaandAmericanscouldgetbywithcultural

blindnessandlinguisticignorance.Afterall,Americawasthe

mostpowerfulcountryofthefreeworld,thedistributorof

neededfundsandgoods.

Butallthatispast.Americandollarsnolongerbuyallgood

things,andweareslowlybeginningtorealizethatourproper

roleintheworldischanging.A1979Harrispollreported

that55percentofAmericanswantthiscountrytoplayamore

significantroleinworldaffairs;wewanttohaveahandin

theimportantdecisionsofthenextcentury,eventhoughitmay

notalwaysbetheupperhand.

ItcanbeinferredthatAmericansbeingapproachedtoclosely

byMiddleEasternerswouldmostprobably

A.standstill

B.jumpaside

C.stepforward

D.drawback

17、

TheauthorgivesmanyexamplestocriticizeAmericansfor

their______

A.culturalself-centeredness

B.casualmanners

C.indifferencetowardsforeignvisitors

D.arrogancetowardsothercultures

18、

IncountriesotherthantheirownmostAmericans

A.areisolatedbythelocalpeople

B.arenotwellinformedduetothelanguagebarrier

C.tendtogetalongwellwiththenatives

D.needinterpretersinhotelsandrestaurants

19、

Accordingtotheauthor,Americans;culturalblindnessand

linguisticignorancewill

A.affecttheirimageinthenewera

B.cutthemselvesofffromtheoutsideworld

C.limittheirroleinworldaffairs

D.weakenthepositionoftheUSdollar

20、

Theauthor,sintentioninwritingthisarticleistomake

Americansrealizethat

A.itisdangeroustoignoretheirforeignfriends

B.itisimportanttomaintaintheirleadingroleinworld

affairs

C.itisnecessarytouseseverallanguagesinpublicplaces

D.itistimetogetacquaintedwithothercultures

21、PartB(10points)

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.For

Questions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelist(A、

B、C、D、E>F^G...)tofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

Thereareseveralextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthe

gaps.(10points)

Trainingisintendedprimarilyfortheserviceofsociety;

educationisprimarilyfortheindividual.Societyneeds

doctors,lawyers,engineers,teacherstoperform,specific

tasksnecessarytoitsoperation,justasitneedscarpenters

andplumbersandstenographers(速记员).(41).Andthese

needs,ourtrainingcenters一theprofessionalandtrade

schools,fill.Butalthougheducationisfortheimprovement

oftheindividual,italsoservessocietybyprovidinga

leaveningofmenofunderstanding,ofperception,andwisdom.

(42).Theyservesocietybyexaminingitsfunction,

appraisingitsneeds,andcriticizingitsdirection.Theymay

beearningtheirlivingsbypracticingoneoftheprofessions,

orinpursuingatrade,orbyengaginginbusinessenterprise.

Theymayberichorpoor.Theymayoccupypositionsofpower

andprestige,ortheymaybeengagedinsomehumbleemployment.

Withoutthem,however,societyeitherdisintegratesorelse

becomesananthill.

(43).Intheone,therecruitistrainingtobecomea

professionalbasebal1playerwhowillmakealivingandserve

societybyplayingbaseball;intheother,heistrainingonly

toimprovehisownbodyandmusculature.Thetrainingatthe

baseballcampisal1relevant.Therecruitmayspendhours

practicinghowtoslideintosecondbase,notbecauseitisa

particularlyusefulform,ofcalisthenics（松软体操）but

becauseitisrelevanttothegame.Theexercisewouldstopif

theruleswerechangedsothatslidingtoabasewasmadeillegal.

Similarly,thecandidateforthepitchingstaffspendsalot

oftimethrowingabaseball,notbecauseitwillimprovehis

physique—itmayhavequitetheoppositeeffect,butbecause

pitchingistobehisprincipalfunctionontheteam.Atthe

gym,exerciseshavenosuchrelevance.（44）.

（45）.Whatistaughtatlawschoolisthepresentlawof

theland,nottheNapoleonicCodeoreventhearchaiclawsthat

havebeenscratchedfromthestatutebooks.Andatmedical

school,too,itismodernmedicalpracticethatistaught,which

isrelevanttoconditionstoday.Andtheplumber（水管工人）and

thecarpenterandtheelectricianandthemason（泥瓦匠）learn

onlywhatisrelevanttothepracticeoftheirrespectivetrades

inthisdaywiththetoolsandmaterialsthatarepresently

availableandthatconform,tothebuildingcode.

A.Educationreferstotheknowledgeorskillobtainedor

developedbyalearningprocess.

B.Theyareourintellectualleaders,thecriticsofourculture,

thedefendersofourfreetraditions,theinstigatorsofour

progress.

C.Theintentionistostrengthenthebodyingeneral,andwhen

thememberssitdownonthefloorwiththeirlegsoutstretched

andpracticetouchingtheirfingerstotheirtoes,itisnot

becausetheyhopetobecomegalleyslaves,perhapstheonly

occupationwherethatparticularexercisewouldberelevant.

D.Thedifferencebetweenthetwotypesofstudyislikethe

differencebetweenthedisciplineandexerciseina

professionalbaseballtrainingcampandthatofagym.

E.Trainingsuppliestheimmediateandspecificneedsof

societysothattheworkoftheworldmaycontinue.

F.Ingeneral,relevancyisafacetoftrainingratherthanof

education.

G.Trainingistomakeproficientwithspecializedinstruction

andpractice.

22、(42)

23、(43)

24、(44)

25、(45)

26、PartC

Directions:Readthefollowingtextcarefullyandthen

translatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.(10points)

Britain,sgardenershaverevealedoneoftheirgreatestpet

hates一otherpeople'scats.Okay,they,resadistic

murderers一butisitfairthatcatshavebeenratedasbeing

asdetestableasratsinapollofBritishgardeners?

AnewsurveyintheUKindicatesthatcatscomesecond