汽轮机运行原理课件

海南金海浆纸业有限公司HAINAN

JINHAI

PULP&PAPER

CO.LTD汽轮机运行原理Turbine

FundamentalPREPARED

BYCHEN

YONG气轮机结构

Turbinestructure汽缸体Cylinder

body转子

Rotor前后轴承Bearing叶轮Impeller轴封系统Sealing

system控制阀等Control

valves.etcTurbine&generatorgeneratorTurbineCondenseroil

coolerBall

strainerVacuum气轮机工作原理The

turbine

Fundamental

原理：具有一定压力、温度的蒸汽经过气轮机喷嘴并在喷嘴内膨胀获得很高的速度，高速的蒸汽流经气轮机上的动叶片做功，从而带动气轮机转子按一定均匀的速度转动。气轮机转子与发电机转子用连轴器，当气轮机转子以一定速度均匀转动时，发电机的转子也跟着转动，由于电磁感应的作用，发电机定子线圈中产生电流，通过变配电设备向用户供电。能量转换形式The

energy

conversion

form蒸汽热能汽流动能电能机械能技术参数（一）technical

data汽轮机Turbine：转向（汽轮机—发电机）turning转速

speed跳车转速trip

speedclockwise3000

rpm3300rpm45

rpm盘车转速turning

bearing

speed第一临界速度1st

critical

speed第二临界速度2nd

critical

speed1100rpm2200rpm发电机最大输出功率generator

power

output:Maximum

Continous

Rating（MCR）120MW技术参数（二）

technical

data蒸汽系统Steam

system（Normal）高压入口压力bar温度℃流量kg/s热焓kJ/kgHp

inlet80.5475202.113336.3中压抽汽MP

bleeding1522033.332850.2低压抽汽LP

extraction7170126.752779.2尾气排放Exhaust0.13144243.72353.4LSCVBLCV

/BLEEDINGBLOCKECVCOND.变电设备用户联网TurbineGeneratorHP

STEAMMPheaderLp

headerCond.Turbine

Inlet&outletFrom

Lp&Mp

Head

To

UserLPHead(12123.8T)F/L

VE

RB2894.8T

5457.6T

2629TCLO2MB

WT536.6T

575.4T

2.6TNaOH27.8TMPHead(4507.8T)MCF/LVERBSO21MB23RC3041T863T75T258T4T8.4T18.4TNote:Above

all

data

is

use

for

24

hours

onlyPower

output

to

userNAOH299.7RC/LK148MC353WH33.9RB&VE494.8F/L562.8WWT62.5CLO2519.9RWT74.8MB76.1PG88O289.5SERVEPOWER

16.7POWEROUTPUT2823.3UNIT:MWH开车时需要满足的条件

START-UP

GENERAL

REQUIREMENTS★Electrical

power

supply

in

operation.运行时的电源供应★All

of

motorize

requirement

ready.要满足所有的电动要求★Instrument

air

available/in

operation.仪表用气的供应/运行★All

of

control

system

in

operation/normal

function所有的控制系统处于运行状态/正常状态开车时需要满足的条件

START-UP

GENERAL

REQUIREMENTS★润滑油、顶轴油系统正常★lube

oil、jack

oil

system

in

normal★盘车系统、轴封系统正常★Turning

bearing

system

sealing

system

innormal★冷凝系统以及其他辅助系统正常★condenser

system

and

the

others

auxiliarysystem

in

normal开车系统的程序

START-UP

SYSTEM

SEQUENCECooling

Water

Operation/Circulation. 冷却水的运行/循环Cooling

Tower

Pump

start.冷却水塔泵的启动

Cooling

water

for

Main

Condenser

circulation.主冷凝水的循环

Cooling

water

for

Oil

Cooler

circulation.油冷凝器冷循环

Cooling

water

for

Air

Cooler

circulation.空气冷凝器的循环Cooling

Tower

Fan

start.冷却水塔风机的启动COOLING

WATER

SYSTEMC.

TOWER

BASINMAINCONDENSERC.

TOWER

FANFan

start3

setsMaincondenser

inoperation/circulationPump

start

2

setsAircooler

inoperation

4

setsOilcooler

inoperation

and

theother

one

stand

byAIR

COOLER OIL

COOLER开车系统的程序

START-UP

SYSTEM

SEQUENCEAll

of

Oil

System

in

Operation/Normal

Function 油系统的启动Lube

Oil

system

operation(AC

Auxiliary

Oil

Pump

start). 润滑油系统（启动辅助油泵）。Control

Oil

system

operation(supply

from

AC

Auxiliary

Oil

Pump 控制油系统（来自AC辅助油泵）Oil

vapor

extractor

in

operation.启动抽油烟机。Oil

Cooler

in

operation

and

the

other

one

stand

by. 油冷器的启动，另一个备用。Oil

tank

heater

in

operation

(if

necessary)油加热器的启动（如果有必Turning

Gear

Operation盘车的启动Start

Jacking

oil

pump.顶轴油泵的启动。Start

Turning

Gear

by

auto

mode

(from

DCS).通过自动模式启动盘车（DCS）LubeOil

press.>

2

barLubeOil

temp.<

55

oLCube

OilControlvalve(mechanical)5.TurningGearstart3.

OilVaporExtractor

start6.

OilHeaterstart

ifnecessaryMain

OilPumpoperationafter

speed

>2700

rpm4.JackingOi2l.PuAmupxiliarstyarOtilPumpstartDCEmergency

OilPump

in‘AutoMode’1.

OilCoolerinoperationSafetyblock

/Trip

unitEmergency

stopvalve(ESV)Bleeding

block

(BSCV)Extractioncontrolvalve(ECV)Live

steamcontrolvalve(LSCV)Controloil

press.

>8

bar开车程序START-UP

SYSTEM

SEQUENCECondensate

System

Circulation/Operation 冷凝水的循环

Fill

up

of

Condensate

level

to

normal

level

(400

–

500

mm)

fromwater

line.用补水管中的水将冷凝水的液位加到正常液位(400–500

mm)。

Start

Condensate

pump

(both

DCS

and

Field

is

available)

and

thone

in

priority

selection

(Auto

mode).启动冷凝水泵（DCS和现场），另一台在预选（自动控制）。Start

Gland

Fan(Leak

Steam

Blower). 启动格兰风扇Condensate

level

control

put

on‘Auto

Mode’ 冷凝水液位控制自动控制。MAINCONDEN-SERLCtoRWTankHPCHAMBERLPCHAMBERSILENCERHHPHeadertoAtmosphereGlandFanCond.PumpSECEJECTORPRIEJECTORStart-upEjectorVACUUM

SYSTEMCond.

Levelcontrol

in‘Auto

mode’Cond.

Pumpstart

and

theother

one

inpriority开车程序START-UP

SYSTEM

SEQUENCEPrewarming

Main

Steam

Line对主蒸汽管进行暖管Open

all

of

drain

in

main

steam

line.打开主蒸汽管上所有的疏水阀

Open

of

by

pass

valve

of

main

steam

1st

stage

slowly

(make

surethere

is

no

water

hummer

in

line).缓慢打开一段主蒸汽管上的旁通阀（确保在管道中没有水）。

Open

of

by

pass

valve

of

main

steam

2nd

stage

slowly

(make

surethere

is

no

water

hummer

in

line).缓慢打开二段主蒸汽管上的旁通阀（确保在管道中没有水）。

Prewarming

of

main

steam

line

over

after

main

steam

temperatur380

0C.当蒸汽温度>380

0C时，暖管就完成了。开车程序START-UP

SYSTEM

SEQUENCESealing

Steam

System

Operation密封蒸汽的启动Sealing

steam

front

end(HHP

steam)密封蒸汽前端（HHP）Prewarming

of

sealing

steam

lines.密封蒸汽管道的暖管。Open

manual

valve(double

valve).打开手动阀。

Open

the

control

valve

by

auto

mode

from

DCS,set

point=1.080在DCS自动打开控制阀，设定值=1.080

bar。Sealing

steam

rear

end(LP

steam)密封蒸汽的后端（LP）Prewarming

of

sealing

steam

lines.密封蒸汽管道的暖管。Open

manual

valve(double

valve).打开手动阀。Open

the

control

valve

by

auto

mode

from

DCS,set

point=1.230 在DCS自动打开控制阀，设定值=1.230

bar.TURBINEHP

CHAMBERTURBINELP

CHAMBERHHP

HEADERHHPBLOWTANKGENERATORSEALING

STEAM

SYSTEMopened

afterprewarmingline

finishLP

HEADEROpen

all

of

drain

valveDouble

valveOpen

all

ofdrain

valveDouble

valveopened

afterprewarmingline

finishControlvalve

in‘Automode’with

setpoint

1.080To

:

AFTER

CONDENSERbaOFrEJECTOR

SYSTEMControlvalve

in‘Automode’

withset

point1.230

barTo

after

cooler/

ejectorcoolerControl

valve

sealingsteam

rearend

(LP)Control

valve

sealingsteam

frontend

(HHP)汽机的启动程序TURBINE

START-UP

SEQUENCETurbine

prewarming(ESV

open/manual

start). 汽机的暖机（ESV打开/手动阀启动）Main

steam

temperature

in

the

main

steam

line>380

oC. 主蒸汽管中蒸汽的温度>380

oC.

Main

steam

pressure

in

the

main

steam

line

<

permission

pressureprewarming

valve.主蒸汽管中蒸汽的压力<暖机时允许的压力值。Turbine

auto

start(LSCV

controlled).汽机自动启动（LSCV控制）Main

steam

temperature

in

the

main

steam

line>420

oC. 主蒸汽管中蒸汽的温度>420

oC.Temperature

of

prewarming

valve>400

oC. 暖机的温度>400

oC.Main

steam

pressure

in

the

main

steam

line

permission

pressure<80bar.主蒸汽管中蒸汽的压力<80bar.LSCVBLCV

/BLEEDINGBLOCKECVCOND.TURBINE

START-UP汽机的启动程序TURBINE

START-UP

SEQUENCE

Turbine

Generator

synchronize

to

Bus

Bar.汽轮发电机同总排Turbine

auto

start/speed

controller

is‘active 汽机自动启动/速度控制器激活。Excitation‘ON’(after

speed

3000

RPM). 励磁启动（速度到过3000

RPM后）Synchronization

criteria并网的三个条件Voltage

difference

should

be

as

small

as

possi 电压差尽可能的小。Frequency

difference

should

be

as

small

as

pos 频率差尽可能的小。Phase

angle

difference

should

be

as

small

as

p 相位角差尽可能的小。Synchronizing‘ON’同步启动

CB

close,TGalready

synchronized.CB关闭，TG已并网。汽机的启动程序

TURBINE

START-UP

SEQUENCEPick-up

load加载Important

（重要事项）:

Monitoring

the

position

of

the

Free

Range

Turbine

Casing

Flaand

Free

Range

Turbine

casing

Top

/

Bottom.根据上下汽缸的温差来决定升载的情况。Monitoring

the

Elongation

Relative.监测胀差。

Monitoring

all

of

indication

eg.

Vibration

value,

Shaft

posBearing

temperature,

Oil

temperature,

and

ect.监测所有的振动、轴的位移、轴承的温度、油温等。Importantduring

start-up

and

pick-up

loadImportantduring

start-up

and

pick-up

loIamdportantfor

Turbineprewaming

&

start-up汽机的开车程序TURBINE

START-UP

SEQUENCELP

Extraction

controller‘ON’.LP抽汽控制器的启动Adjust

load,according

to

LP

Pressure

requirement 根据LP压力的需要来调整负载。

Prewarming

LP

Ext.line

and

open

valve

on

the

LPHeaderside.对低压抽汽管进行暖管，然后打开LP集汽柜侧的阀门。Open

the

motorize

valve

on

the

extraction

line. 打开抽汽管上的电动阀。Spray

water

control

valve

in‘Auto

Mode’. 减温注水控制阀到自动模式。Release/ON

Non

Return

Valve(NRV).解除截止阀。Controller‘ON’控制器启动。汽轮机启动程序TURBINE

START-UP

SEQUENCEMP

Bleed

controller‘ON’.MP充汽控制器的启动

Adjust

load,according

to

MP

Pressure

requirement.根据中压蒸汽的压力需求来调整负载。

Prewarming

MP

Bleeding

line

and

open

valve

on

the

MP

Headerside.对MP充汽管进行暖管，然后打开MP集汽柜侧的阀门。Open

the

motorize

valve

on

the

bleeding

line.打开充汽管上的电动阀。Spray

water

control

valve

in‘Auto

Mode’.减温注水控制阀到自动模式。Release/ON

Non

Return

Valve(NRV).解除截止阀。Controller‘ON’控制器启动。Motorizevalve

1ststageEmg.StopValve(ESV

1

&2)Live

SteamControlValve(LSCV

1

&2)BleedingNon

ReturnValve

(NRV)ExtractionControlBleedVaSltveeamExt.CNoonntr(oElCVa1l&ve2)

Retu(rBnleeding

ValvBelock)(NRV)Spray

watercontrol

valveBleedingSpray

watercontrol

valveExtraction汽机的开车程序

TURBINE

START-UP

SEQUENCE

Normal

operation

controller.（正常运行的控制器）Monitoring

for

all

of

system(DCS

and

PLC). 监测所有的系统（DCS和PLC）

Control

all

of

equipment

for

abnormal

noise,temperature,

vibration,

leakage

and

ect.控制所有设备的声音异常、温度、振动、泄漏等问题。Record

data

in

the

Log

Sheet

as

per

hour. 每小时在报表上记录数据。Monitoring

all

of

interlocking

indication.监测所有的连锁显示。汽机的开车程序

TURBINE

START-UP

SEQUENCEMost

Important

Displays

for

Monitoring（临测的重要画面）RUN

SUPERVISION

Display（运行画面的监测）GENERATOR

SUPERVISION

Display（发电机的监测）TURBINE

CLC

Display（汽轮机CLC的监测）LUBE

OIL

SYSTEM

Display（润滑油系统的监测）CONTROL

OIL

SYSTEM

Display（控制油系统的监测）

Checking

for

all

of

indication

on

displaysimmediately（立即检查所有画面上所有的显示）VibrationTurbine

HPVibrationVibratione

LP

indicoartFir.onVibratioTurbin

SpeedGenerat

nGenerator

RearVibrationExciterEndBearingTemp.BearingTemp.BearingTemp.BearingTemp.BearingTemp.GeneratorWindingTemp.,

6setsGenerator

SpaceHeaterCool

AirTemp.,

2setsWarm

AirTemp.,

2setsSet

pointLive

SteamControllerSet

pointFrequencyCSoent

proilnlter

SpeedControllerSet

pointBleedingControllerLimiterSet

point

Extraction

ControllerLubeOilLPurbess.

OilTemp.Control

OilPress.控制油的压力汽机的停车程序

TURBINE

SHUT

DOWN

SEQUENCEUnload

the

Turbine.（汽机的降载）

Decrease

load

according

to

electrical

consumption(frequency

monitoring)

and

main

steam

pressure.根据电力的消耗（频率监测）和主蒸汽的压力来降低负载。Unselected

load

shedding

according

Turbine

Load. 根据汽机的负载来解除其负载保护。

Continue

load

down

the

turbine

and

adjust

LP

ext

and

MP

bleedingaccordingly.继续对汽机进行降载，再相应的调整低压抽汽和中压抽汽。汽机的停车程序TURBINE

SHUT

DOWN

SEQUENCEStop

the

Turbine.（汽机的停止）

MP

Bleed

controller‘OFF’according

to

Turbine

Load

and

MP落

Header

pressure

and

stop

the

system.根据汽机的负载和中压集汽柜的压力来关闭中压充汽的控制器，停止该系统。

LP

Bleed

controller

‘OFF’

according

to

Turbine

Load

and

LP

Headerpressure

and

stop

the

system.根据汽机的负载和低压集汽柜的压力来关闭低压充汽的控制器，停止该系统。

Close

Emergency

Stop

Valve

(ESV)

or

press

the

emergency

stop

button

atDCS.

Stop

turbine

when

the

load

dropped

down

approximately

0.5MW.关闭紧急停止阀或在DCS中停止紧急停止按纽，当负载降低到0.5MW时停止汽机。汽机的停车程序TURBINE

SHUT

DOWN

S