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海南金海浆纸业有限公司HAINAN
JINHAI
PULP&PAPER
CO.LTD汽轮机运行原理Turbine
FundamentalPREPARED
BYCHEN
YONG气轮机结构
Turbinestructure汽缸体Cylinder
body转子
Rotor前后轴承Bearing叶轮Impeller轴封系统Sealing
system控制阀等Control
valves.etcTurbine&generatorgeneratorTurbineCondenseroil
coolerBall
strainerVacuum气轮机工作原理The
turbine
Fundamental
原理:具有一定压力、温度的蒸汽经过气轮机喷嘴并在喷嘴内膨胀获得很高的速度,高速的蒸汽流经气轮机上的动叶片做功,从而带动气轮机转子按一定均匀的速度转动。气轮机转子与发电机转子用连轴器,当气轮机转子以一定速度均匀转动时,发电机的转子也跟着转动,由于电磁感应的作用,发电机定子线圈中产生电流,通过变配电设备向用户供电。能量转换形式The
energy
conversion
form蒸汽热能汽流动能电能机械能技术参数(一)technical
data汽轮机Turbine:转向(汽轮机—发电机)turning转速
speed跳车转速trip
speedclockwise3000
rpm3300rpm45
rpm盘车转速turning
bearing
speed第一临界速度1st
critical
speed第二临界速度2nd
critical
speed1100rpm2200rpm发电机最大输出功率generator
power
output:Maximum
Continous
Rating(MCR)120MW技术参数(二)
technical
data蒸汽系统Steam
system(Normal)高压入口压力bar温度℃流量kg/s热焓kJ/kgHp
inlet80.5475202.113336.3中压抽汽MP
bleeding1522033.332850.2低压抽汽LP
extraction7170126.752779.2尾气排放Exhaust0.13144243.72353.4LSCVBLCV
/BLEEDINGBLOCKECVCOND.变电设备用户联网TurbineGeneratorHP
STEAMMPheaderLp
headerCond.Turbine
Inlet&outletFrom
Lp&Mp
Head
To
UserLPHead(12123.8T)F/L
VE
RB2894.8T
5457.6T
2629TCLO2MB
WT536.6T
575.4T
2.6TNaOH27.8TMPHead(4507.8T)MCF/LVERBSO21MB23RC3041T863T75T258T4T8.4T18.4TNote:Above
all
data
is
use
for
24
hours
onlyPower
output
to
userNAOH299.7RC/LK148MC353WH33.9RB&VE494.8F/L562.8WWT62.5CLO2519.9RWT74.8MB76.1PG88O289.5SERVEPOWER
16.7POWEROUTPUT2823.3UNIT:MWH开车时需要满足的条件
START-UP
GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS★Electrical
power
supply
in
operation.运行时的电源供应★All
of
motorize
requirement
ready.要满足所有的电动要求★Instrument
air
available/in
operation.仪表用气的供应/运行★All
of
control
system
in
operation/normal
function所有的控制系统处于运行状态/正常状态开车时需要满足的条件
START-UP
GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS★润滑油、顶轴油系统正常★lube
oil、jack
oil
system
in
normal★盘车系统、轴封系统正常★Turning
bearing
system
sealing
system
innormal★冷凝系统以及其他辅助系统正常★condenser
system
and
the
others
auxiliarysystem
in
normal开车系统的程序
START-UP
SYSTEM
SEQUENCECooling
Water
Operation/Circulation. 冷却水的运行/循环Cooling
Tower
Pump
start.冷却水塔泵的启动
Cooling
water
for
Main
Condenser
circulation.主冷凝水的循环
Cooling
water
for
Oil
Cooler
circulation.油冷凝器冷循环
Cooling
water
for
Air
Cooler
circulation.空气冷凝器的循环Cooling
Tower
Fan
start.冷却水塔风机的启动COOLING
WATER
SYSTEMC.
TOWER
BASINMAINCONDENSERC.
TOWER
FANFan
start3
setsMaincondenser
inoperation/circulationPump
start
2
setsAircooler
inoperation
4
setsOilcooler
inoperation
and
theother
one
stand
byAIR
COOLER OIL
COOLER开车系统的程序
START-UP
SYSTEM
SEQUENCEAll
of
Oil
System
in
Operation/Normal
Function 油系统的启动Lube
Oil
system
operation(AC
Auxiliary
Oil
Pump
start). 润滑油系统(启动辅助油泵)。Control
Oil
system
operation(supply
from
AC
Auxiliary
Oil
Pump 控制油系统(来自AC辅助油泵)Oil
vapor
extractor
in
operation.启动抽油烟机。Oil
Cooler
in
operation
and
the
other
one
stand
by. 油冷器的启动,另一个备用。Oil
tank
heater
in
operation
(if
necessary)油加热器的启动(如果有必Turning
Gear
Operation盘车的启动Start
Jacking
oil
pump.顶轴油泵的启动。Start
Turning
Gear
by
auto
mode
(from
DCS).通过自动模式启动盘车(DCS)LubeOil
press.>
2
barLubeOil
temp.<
55
oLCube
OilControlvalve(mechanical)5.TurningGearstart3.
OilVaporExtractor
start6.
OilHeaterstart
ifnecessaryMain
OilPumpoperationafter
speed
>2700
rpm4.JackingOi2l.PuAmupxiliarstyarOtilPumpstartDCEmergency
OilPump
in‘AutoMode’1.
OilCoolerinoperationSafetyblock
/Trip
unitEmergency
stopvalve(ESV)Bleeding
block
(BSCV)Extractioncontrolvalve(ECV)Live
steamcontrolvalve(LSCV)Controloil
press.
>8
bar开车程序START-UP
SYSTEM
SEQUENCECondensate
System
Circulation/Operation 冷凝水的循环
Fill
up
of
Condensate
level
to
normal
level
(400
–
500
mm)
fromwater
line.用补水管中的水将冷凝水的液位加到正常液位(400–500
mm)。
Start
Condensate
pump
(both
DCS
and
Field
is
available)
and
thone
in
priority
selection
(Auto
mode).启动冷凝水泵(DCS和现场),另一台在预选(自动控制)。Start
Gland
Fan(Leak
Steam
Blower). 启动格兰风扇Condensate
level
control
put
on‘Auto
Mode’ 冷凝水液位控制自动控制。MAINCONDEN-SERLCtoRWTankHPCHAMBERLPCHAMBERSILENCERHHPHeadertoAtmosphereGlandFanCond.PumpSECEJECTORPRIEJECTORStart-upEjectorVACUUM
SYSTEMCond.
Levelcontrol
in‘Auto
mode’Cond.
Pumpstart
and
theother
one
inpriority开车程序START-UP
SYSTEM
SEQUENCEPrewarming
Main
Steam
Line对主蒸汽管进行暖管Open
all
of
drain
in
main
steam
line.打开主蒸汽管上所有的疏水阀
Open
of
by
pass
valve
of
main
steam
1st
stage
slowly
(make
surethere
is
no
water
hummer
in
line).缓慢打开一段主蒸汽管上的旁通阀(确保在管道中没有水)。
Open
of
by
pass
valve
of
main
steam
2nd
stage
slowly
(make
surethere
is
no
water
hummer
in
line).缓慢打开二段主蒸汽管上的旁通阀(确保在管道中没有水)。
Prewarming
of
main
steam
line
over
after
main
steam
temperatur380
0C.当蒸汽温度>380
0C时,暖管就完成了。开车程序START-UP
SYSTEM
SEQUENCESealing
Steam
System
Operation密封蒸汽的启动Sealing
steam
front
end(HHP
steam)密封蒸汽前端(HHP)Prewarming
of
sealing
steam
lines.密封蒸汽管道的暖管。Open
manual
valve(double
valve).打开手动阀。
Open
the
control
valve
by
auto
mode
from
DCS,set
point=1.080在DCS自动打开控制阀,设定值=1.080
bar。Sealing
steam
rear
end(LP
steam)密封蒸汽的后端(LP)Prewarming
of
sealing
steam
lines.密封蒸汽管道的暖管。Open
manual
valve(double
valve).打开手动阀。Open
the
control
valve
by
auto
mode
from
DCS,set
point=1.230 在DCS自动打开控制阀,设定值=1.230
bar.TURBINEHP
CHAMBERTURBINELP
CHAMBERHHP
HEADERHHPBLOWTANKGENERATORSEALING
STEAM
SYSTEMopened
afterprewarmingline
finishLP
HEADEROpen
all
of
drain
valveDouble
valveOpen
all
ofdrain
valveDouble
valveopened
afterprewarmingline
finishControlvalve
in‘Automode’with
setpoint
1.080To
:
AFTER
CONDENSERbaOFrEJECTOR
SYSTEMControlvalve
in‘Automode’
withset
point1.230
barTo
after
cooler/
ejectorcoolerControl
valve
sealingsteam
rearend
(LP)Control
valve
sealingsteam
frontend
(HHP)汽机的启动程序TURBINE
START-UP
SEQUENCETurbine
prewarming(ESV
open/manual
start). 汽机的暖机(ESV打开/手动阀启动)Main
steam
temperature
in
the
main
steam
line>380
oC. 主蒸汽管中蒸汽的温度>380
oC.
Main
steam
pressure
in
the
main
steam
line
<
permission
pressureprewarming
valve.主蒸汽管中蒸汽的压力<暖机时允许的压力值。Turbine
auto
start(LSCV
controlled).汽机自动启动(LSCV控制)Main
steam
temperature
in
the
main
steam
line>420
oC. 主蒸汽管中蒸汽的温度>420
oC.Temperature
of
prewarming
valve>400
oC. 暖机的温度>400
oC.Main
steam
pressure
in
the
main
steam
line
permission
pressure<80bar.主蒸汽管中蒸汽的压力<80bar.LSCVBLCV
/BLEEDINGBLOCKECVCOND.TURBINE
START-UP汽机的启动程序TURBINE
START-UP
SEQUENCE
Turbine
Generator
synchronize
to
Bus
Bar.汽轮发电机同总排Turbine
auto
start/speed
controller
is‘active 汽机自动启动/速度控制器激活。Excitation‘ON’(after
speed
3000
RPM). 励磁启动(速度到过3000
RPM后)Synchronization
criteria并网的三个条件Voltage
difference
should
be
as
small
as
possi 电压差尽可能的小。Frequency
difference
should
be
as
small
as
pos 频率差尽可能的小。Phase
angle
difference
should
be
as
small
as
p 相位角差尽可能的小。Synchronizing‘ON’同步启动
CB
close,TGalready
synchronized.CB关闭,TG已并网。汽机的启动程序
TURBINE
START-UP
SEQUENCEPick-up
load加载Important
(重要事项):
Monitoring
the
position
of
the
Free
Range
Turbine
Casing
Flaand
Free
Range
Turbine
casing
Top
/
Bottom.根据上下汽缸的温差来决定升载的情况。Monitoring
the
Elongation
Relative.监测胀差。
Monitoring
all
of
indication
eg.
Vibration
value,
Shaft
posBearing
temperature,
Oil
temperature,
and
ect.监测所有的振动、轴的位移、轴承的温度、油温等。Importantduring
start-up
and
pick-up
loadImportantduring
start-up
and
pick-up
loIamdportantfor
Turbineprewaming
&
start-up汽机的开车程序TURBINE
START-UP
SEQUENCELP
Extraction
controller‘ON’.LP抽汽控制器的启动Adjust
load,according
to
LP
Pressure
requirement 根据LP压力的需要来调整负载。
Prewarming
LP
Ext.line
and
open
valve
on
the
LPHeaderside.对低压抽汽管进行暖管,然后打开LP集汽柜侧的阀门。Open
the
motorize
valve
on
the
extraction
line. 打开抽汽管上的电动阀。Spray
water
control
valve
in‘Auto
Mode’. 减温注水控制阀到自动模式。Release/ON
Non
Return
Valve(NRV).解除截止阀。Controller‘ON’控制器启动。汽轮机启动程序TURBINE
START-UP
SEQUENCEMP
Bleed
controller‘ON’.MP充汽控制器的启动
Adjust
load,according
to
MP
Pressure
requirement.根据中压蒸汽的压力需求来调整负载。
Prewarming
MP
Bleeding
line
and
open
valve
on
the
MP
Headerside.对MP充汽管进行暖管,然后打开MP集汽柜侧的阀门。Open
the
motorize
valve
on
the
bleeding
line.打开充汽管上的电动阀。Spray
water
control
valve
in‘Auto
Mode’.减温注水控制阀到自动模式。Release/ON
Non
Return
Valve(NRV).解除截止阀。Controller‘ON’控制器启动。Motorizevalve
1ststageEmg.StopValve(ESV
1
&2)Live
SteamControlValve(LSCV
1
&2)BleedingNon
ReturnValve
(NRV)ExtractionControlBleedVaSltveeamExt.CNoonntr(oElCVa1l&ve2)
Retu(rBnleeding
ValvBelock)(NRV)Spray
watercontrol
valveBleedingSpray
watercontrol
valveExtraction汽机的开车程序
TURBINE
START-UP
SEQUENCE
Normal
operation
controller.(正常运行的控制器)Monitoring
for
all
of
system(DCS
and
PLC). 监测所有的系统(DCS和PLC)
Control
all
of
equipment
for
abnormal
noise,temperature,
vibration,
leakage
and
ect.控制所有设备的声音异常、温度、振动、泄漏等问题。Record
data
in
the
Log
Sheet
as
per
hour. 每小时在报表上记录数据。Monitoring
all
of
interlocking
indication.监测所有的连锁显示。汽机的开车程序
TURBINE
START-UP
SEQUENCEMost
Important
Displays
for
Monitoring(临测的重要画面)RUN
SUPERVISION
Display(运行画面的监测)GENERATOR
SUPERVISION
Display(发电机的监测)TURBINE
CLC
Display(汽轮机CLC的监测)LUBE
OIL
SYSTEM
Display(润滑油系统的监测)CONTROL
OIL
SYSTEM
Display(控制油系统的监测)
Checking
for
all
of
indication
on
displaysimmediately(立即检查所有画面上所有的显示)VibrationTurbine
HPVibrationVibratione
LP
indicoartFir.onVibratioTurbin
SpeedGenerat
nGenerator
RearVibrationExciterEndBearingTemp.BearingTemp.BearingTemp.BearingTemp.BearingTemp.GeneratorWindingTemp.,
6setsGenerator
SpaceHeaterCool
AirTemp.,
2setsWarm
AirTemp.,
2setsSet
pointLive
SteamControllerSet
pointFrequencyCSoent
proilnlter
SpeedControllerSet
pointBleedingControllerLimiterSet
point
Extraction
ControllerLubeOilLPurbess.
OilTemp.Control
OilPress.控制油的压力汽机的停车程序
TURBINE
SHUT
DOWN
SEQUENCEUnload
the
Turbine.(汽机的降载)
Decrease
load
according
to
electrical
consumption(frequency
monitoring)
and
main
steam
pressure.根据电力的消耗(频率监测)和主蒸汽的压力来降低负载。Unselected
load
shedding
according
Turbine
Load. 根据汽机的负载来解除其负载保护。
Continue
load
down
the
turbine
and
adjust
LP
ext
and
MP
bleedingaccordingly.继续对汽机进行降载,再相应的调整低压抽汽和中压抽汽。汽机的停车程序TURBINE
SHUT
DOWN
SEQUENCEStop
the
Turbine.(汽机的停止)
MP
Bleed
controller‘OFF’according
to
Turbine
Load
and
MP落
Header
pressure
and
stop
the
system.根据汽机的负载和中压集汽柜的压力来关闭中压充汽的控制器,停止该系统。
LP
Bleed
controller
‘OFF’
according
to
Turbine
Load
and
LP
Headerpressure
and
stop
the
system.根据汽机的负载和低压集汽柜的压力来关闭低压充汽的控制器,停止该系统。
Close
Emergency
Stop
Valve
(ESV)
or
press
the
emergency
stop
button
atDCS.
Stop
turbine
when
the
load
dropped
down
approximately
0.5MW.关闭紧急停止阀或在DCS中停止紧急停止按纽,当负载降低到0.5MW时停止汽机。汽机的停车程序TURBINE
SHUT
DOWN
S
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