Unit4NaturalDisastersWordsandExpressions课件高中英语人教版

Unit4

NATURALDISASTERS

WordsandExpressions

Natural

disasterstornadodroughtlandslidetsunamifloodVolcaniceruptiontyphoonhurricaneevacuatehelicoptercrackshelterinruinsbrickspipeelectricityvolcanometal➊

[U]损害；损坏；损失

Hewashitbyacarandsufferedseriousbraindamage.

do/causedamageto

[C][复数]

损害赔偿金：Hewasorderedtopaydamagesof$30,000.damagen

■损害；损坏：(名词动化）Don’tdamageyourhealthforagoodfigure.侧重“损”，可修复damagevtdestroyvt

消灭；杀死：Thedogattackedachildandhadtobedestroyed.侧重“毁”，无法修复destroy=de-(down)+struere(build)

破坏一栋建筑的结构意味着毁掉这栋建筑

影响toinfluencesb/sth：(基本义）Withthegovernment’said,those(whowere)affectedbytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.2009上海改affectvt

[常用于被动语态]

使感动；打动：Shewasdeeplyaffectedbythestory.=bemovedby

使感染(疾病)Diseasesaffectalmosteveryoneatsometimeduringtheirlives.词语辨析affect/effect

affect（动词）=tohaveaninfluenceonsb/sth；影响某人/某事：Docellphonesaffectchildren’sbehaviour?

effect（名词）=result,influence；作用；影响：

Docellphoneshaveaneffectonchildren’sbehaviour?4.affect/əˈfekt/vt.

影响；（疾病）侵袭；(感情上)深深打动【联想词】【常用搭配】_________n.喜爱;感情

_________n.作用;影响affectioneffectbegreatly/deeplyaffectedby被......深深打动;深受影响判断下面句子中affect的含义1）Mostpeoplepresentatthemeetingwereaffectedbyhisspeechyesterday._______2）Itisimportanttopayyourelectricitybillontime,aslatepaymentmayaffectyourcredit._________3）MillionsofpeopleintheworldhavebeenaffectedbyCOVID-19.________打动影响感染4.affect/əˈfekt/vt.

影响；（疾病）侵袭；(感情上)深深打动【即学即练】Deeply_________（affect)bythestoryofthegirlwhoseeyesight____________（affect）bythedisease,allthestudentsmovedintotears..affectedwasaffected5.shelter/ˈʃeltə(r)/n.避难处；居所vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避（风雨或危险）【用法】①n.遮蔽物，庇护处，收容所，居所undertheshelterof在……的庇护下take/findshelterfrom躲避...②vt.保护，掩蔽vi.躲避（风雨或危险）sheltersb./sth.(from...)保护/庇护某人/某物（免受...）shelterfrom....躲避...5.shelter/ˈʃeltə(r)/n.避难处；居所vt.保护；掩蔽vi.躲避（风雨或危险）1）It’ssohot,andwe’dbetterfindatreetotakeshelter_________thesun.2）Someparentsarejusttooprotective.Theywantto__________________________（保护他们的孩子免受)everykindofdanger,realorimagined..【即学即练】fromsheltertheirchildrenfrom6.asif/əzɪf/=asthough似乎；好像；仿佛【用法】与过去相反使用过去完成时与将来相反would/could/might+动词原形与现在相反使用一般过去时(be--were)“被雨水毁了的头发”，用哪个词呢？Therainruinedmyhair.头发还在，只是“美好的发型”被毁了。◆

ruin:tohaveabadeffectonsomethingsothatitisnolongerattractive,enjoyable,usefuletc.糟蹋Thewholeparkisspoiledbylitter.Idon’twanttospoilyourfun.2(完全地)毁坏

Don’tletasmalldisagreementruinyourfriendship.3使破产

Ifshelosesthecourtcaseitwillruinher.n➊

[U]毁灭；破产：theruinofcivilizationfinancialruin

[C]废墟；遗迹；残余：theruinsofRomeruinvtinruins成废墟；严重受损：Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.下面这些音译词你都知道吗？guitar吉他Cola可乐

chocolate

巧克力party

派对

salad

沙拉

shark鲨鱼

ballet芭蕾舞

marathon

马拉松

cool酷的

有些英语词汇，汉语中没有与之对应的词，翻译时会借用中文谐音来翻译，这一类词被称之为“音译词”。音译词的翻译不仅表意精确，同时也准确地还原了英文的发音。shock也被翻译成了“休克”。shockshock

n

[C]&[U](爆炸、地震等引起的)剧烈震动；冲击：theshockwaveTheshockoftheearthquakewasfeltmilesaway.

[C]

电击；触电(electricshock)：Don’ttouchthatwireoryou’llgetashock.

[U]&[C][常用单数](精神上的)

震惊；打击；令人震惊的事Momhasn’tgottenovertheshockofDad’sdeath.It

cameasashock

tohearthatthefactorywouldhavetoclose.

[U]休克：Shewastakentohospitalsufferingfromshock.shockvt（名词动化）使震惊；使气愤tomakesbfeelvery

surprised

andupset:Thenewsoftheschoolshootingshockedtheworld.cultureshock文化冲击词汇拓展►shockedadj震惊的；愤慨的ashockedlook/expression

Theyweredeeplyshockedat/byherbehaviour.►shockingadj令人震惊的；令人憎恶的

shockingnews【常用搭配】trap/træp/vt.(trapped;trapped)n./C/险境；陷阱

vt.使落入险境；使陷入圈套惊set/lay/placeatrapfallinto/getoutofatrapbetrappedin...=becaughtin...=bestuckin...被困在...trapsb.intodoingsth.诱使某人做某事1)Ididn’tgettoschoolontimebecauseI__________________（被困在）theheavyrain.2)ThemantrappedTom________tellingthetruth.3)Aftertheearthquake,manypeople_________________(trap)intheruins.Fortunately,thesoldierssooncametotheirrescue.【即学即练】wastrappedinintoweretrapped【常用搭配】bury/ˈberi/vt.

埋葬；安葬【拓展延伸】bury...in...把......埋到......里buryone’sfaceinone’shands双手掩面beburiedin....=buryoneselfin.....专心致志于“专心于，致力于”的多种表达：belostin=beabsorbedin=devote/applyoneselfto=bedevotedto=concentrateon=focuson【即学即练】bury/ˈberi/vt.

埋葬；安葬buryingthemselvesinburiedburiedhisfaceinhishandsburiedhimselfinthebookBuryinghimselfinthebookBuriedinthebookeffort

[U]&[C]thephysicalormentalactivityneededtoachievesomething

气力，精力，努力Sheputshertimeandeffortintoherbusinesses,andintohelpingothers.Visitthemuseumwhenyou’rethere.It’swellworththeeffort.With(an)effortshemanagedtostopherselflaughing.Greghasgoneonadietinanefforttolosesomeweight.What’sthepointofhelpinghimifhedoesn’tmakeanefforttohelphimself?Let’sstartrightnowandsparenoefforttoprotectocean.littlebiteveryminute!14.suffer/sʌfə/vt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦【联想词】__________n.苦难；痛苦

_________

n.患病者；受苦者sufferingsufferersufferfromsth受…疾病的折磨sufferpain/defeat/loss/hardship遭受痛苦/失败/损失/苦难【常用搭配】【即学即练】14.suffer/sʌfə/vt.遭受；蒙受

vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦1）She_______________(suffer)severedepressionafterlosingherjob.2）Hewastedhisyouth,andnowheis_______________(suffer)it.3）He________(suffer)amassiveheartattack.4）Thisexperiencecausedhimmuchmental_________(suffer).sufferedfromsufferingforsufferingsufferedcalmadj.

tostopfeelingupset,angryorexcited侧重notnervous,“不紧张”17.wave[weɪv]n.海浪;波浪vi.&vt.挥手;招手n.巨浪

hugewave(s)向某人挥手告别

wavedsb.goodbye/wavedgoodbyetosb.

一波……;一阵……

Awaveofsth.

一阵恐惧

Awaveoffear练：The

thatwerecrashingontherockssweptawayeverythingonthem.撞击岩石的海浪把上面的一切都卷走了。waveswavedgoodbyetomymotherI

,withtearswellingupinmyeyes.我热泪盈眶,向妈妈挥手告别。趁热打铁strikewhiletheironishot

strike

vt

[正式用语]打；撞击:Theshipstruckarock.Theboyfell,strikinghisheadontheedgeofthetable.

vi&vt

(时钟等)敲响；报(时)：Thechurchclockbegantostriketwelve.

vi&vt(不幸等)突然降临；突然袭击：Lastmonth,partofSoutheastAsiawasstruckbyfloods.Shewaspracticingsurfingwhenasharkstruck.2011广东改Hestruckamatchandlitanothercigar.strike

(struck,struck/stricken)v

vt

[不用于进行时](使)突然想到/意识到Thesolutionstruckmeimmediately.itstrikessb+that从句：Itstruckmethatwemighthavemadethewrongdecision.

vt

给……以某种印象Wewerestruckbyherkindness.strikesbas(being)…:Hestrikesmeas(being)averyseriousperson.

vi

罢工：Thebusdriverswerestrikingformoremoney.strikeabalance两者兼顾；达到平衡：■n[C]&[U]罢工：Hefounditdifficulttostrikeabalancebetweenhisfamilyandhiswork.strikeadeal达成协议strikefear/terrorintosb’sheart使某人感到害怕/恐惧Theworkerswillgoonstrikeifthedemandstheyputforwardareturneddown.►stricken

adj

[正式用语]

受灾的；患病的；受苦的：earthquake-strickenareas拓展►

striker

n

[C]罢工者；(足球的)前锋；(棒球的)击球手►striking

adj惊人的；显著的；引人注目的

【联想词】20.deliver/dɪˈlɪvə(r)/vi.&vt.

传递；传达vt.发表__________n.

递送；分娩deliverydeliversth.to...把某物投递/传送/运送到......deliveramessage传话deliverababy（接）生

deliveralecture/speech发表演讲【常用搭配】【即学即练】20.deliver/dɪˈlɪvə(r)/vi.&vt.

传递；传达vt.发表deliveraspeechdelivereddeliverydeliverydeliver【联想词】22.effect/ɪˈfekt/n.影响；结果；效果【常用搭配】__________adj.有效的，实际的

_________

adv.有效地，实际上effectiveeffectively22.effect/ɪˈfekt/n.影响；结果；效果【即学即练】1)ThenumberofforeignerslearningChinesehasbeengrowinginrecentyears,indicatingthatChinahasagreatereffect_______theworld.2)就我而言，每天熬夜一定会对你的健康造成很大的影响。→AsfarasI’mconcerned,stayinguplateeverydayiscertainto_____________________greatly.(affect)→Inmyview,stayinguplateeverydayiscertainto______________________________________.(effect)onhaveagreateffectonyourhealthaffectyourhealth谢谢观赏随堂检测一、从方框中选择合适的单词填空。ruindamagedestroydamageddestroyedruinedruineddestroyeddestroyeddamage,destroy,ruin1.Thebadweather__________________(毁了我们的旅行).2.Toomuchpackagingis______________________________(对……造成严重损坏)theenvironment.(2010山东)

3.Anumberofpaintingsinthiscastlearebelievedto___________________(被毁掉)inafirein2009.(2011湖北完成句子)二、根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子。

doing/causingseriousdamageto

havebeendestroyed

ruinedourtrip一、根据句意选出affect的最佳释义。__________1.Welchexaminedasickboy,Billy,andknewhehaddiphtheria,adeadlydiseasemainlyaffecting

children.(2016北京改)__________2.Withthegovernment’said,those

affected

bytheearthquakehavemovedtothenewsettlements.(2009上海改)__________3.Iwasdeeplyaffected

bythefilm.

影响

[常用于被动语态]使感动；打动

使感染(疾病)

affect,effect二、选出适当的单词，并用其适当形式填空。(affect,effect)1.Itriedtopersuadehim,butwithlittleorno____________.2.WhenIwas50,myweightproblembeganto____________meseriously.（2017天津改）effectaffect一、写出下列句子中shock的汉语释义。1.ItwassuchashockwhentheyannouncedthewinnerwasCart.____________2.Theshockwavewasfelteveninmyplane,severalmilesawayfromtheharbor.

____________二、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Theywillget____________shockwhentheygetthisbill.2.Theparentswere____________(shock)bythenewsthattheirsonneededanoperationonhisknee.(2013

重庆)3.The____________(shock)newsmademerealizewhatterribleproblemswewouldface.(2011

北京)ashocked

shocking

震惊shock

冲击波一、根据所给汉语，用带有effort的词块完成下列句子。1.Kimis__________________________（努力）loseweight.2.Thelocalclubsare__________________________（尽一切努力）interestmoreyoungpeople.3.Parentsarrangeeverythingfortheirchildrenand__________________________（不遗余力）topave（铺路）thewayfortheirsuccess.（2013福建）4.Visitthemuseumwhenyou’rethere.It’s__________________________（很值得一游）.二、根据所给词块，将下列句子译成英语。我努力在紧急情况下保持镇静。(makeaneffort)

____________________________________________________________

Imadeanefforttokeepcalminanemergency.effort

wellworththeeffort

sparenoeffort

makinganeffortto

makingeveryeffortto下降；变差受到严重烫伤出现背部问题suffer二、根据汉语提示完成句子。1.________________________________________(无论我遭受什么失败)inmylife,anironedshirttellsmeIamgoodatsomething.(2014湖南)2.AlthoughRosemaryhad__________________________________(身患重疾)foryears,shelostnoneofherenthusiasm(热情)forlife.(2013陕西)3.Musicisanimportantwayweexpress_________________(人类的苦难),celebration,themeaningandvalueofpeaceandlove.(2009北京)Whatever/NomatterwhatfailuresIsuffersuffered(from)aseriousillness/diseasehumansuffering一、写出下列句子中survive的汉语释义。__________1.Aftercountlessinterviewsandpresentations,Imanagedtostandoutamongthecandidatesandsurvivethetestalone.(2014

广东阅读)__________2.Onlyonecopyofthebookstillsurvives.__________3.Lifeishardatthemoment,butwe’resurviving.幸存于保存下来挺过来；熬过来；艰难度过survive二、用survive的适当形式完成下列句子。Forasuddenheartfailure,thesinglebestchancefor________________ishavingsomeonenearbystepinanddoCPR(心肺复苏)quickly.(2017北京阅读)2.Officialssaidhewastheonly________________oftheplanecrash.3.Heistheonlymanwho________________aftertheexplosion(爆炸).三、根据所给提示，用survive完成句子。1.Thefrontpassengerswereluckyto__________________________(在车祸中幸免于难).2.Having__________________________(熬过那一夜),wewereconfidentthateverythingelsewouldbeallright.(2014

湖北完形)

survival/surviving

survivor

survived

survivethecaraccident

survivedthatnight一、根据所给汉语提示完成下列句子。remains/keeps/stayscalmThecalm/stillseathecalmbeforethestormcalmdowncalmthemselvesdowncalm1.Evenwhenshefacesdisasterslikeearthquake,shestillkeeps______.2.Thepolicetriedtogetsomeinformationfromtheman,butheremained______.3.Attention,please.Everybody!Pleases