名词性从句总结以及注意点

PAGEPAGE5名词性从句第一节

主语从句引导主语从句的连接词有：that,whether,who,which,what,when,where,how,why等Thatshewasinvitedtotheballmadeherveryhappy.Whetherhewillcometotheballhasnothingtodowithme.Whoeverwantstoseethefilmmaygetaticketfree.Whichteamwillwinthematchisstillunknown.Whatinterestsyoudoesn’tinteresthim.Wheretheyhadstayedwasstillunknown.Whentheywillhaveameetinghasn’tbeendecided.注意：1从句作主语谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。Whowillgoisnotimportant.2为了调节句子平衡，常用it作形式主语。Itisapitythathedidn’tcomeyesterday.It’snecessarythateveryLeaguemember(should)taketheleadandworkwell.It’ssuggestedthatamodernhotel(should)beputupatthefootofthehill.3陈述句部分的主语是从句时，其反意疑问句部分的主语用it.Howhebecameascientistisknowntousall,isn’tit?第二节

宾语从句作动词、介词或形容词宾语的从句。以连词thatwhowhomwhosewhat等引导，在句子中充当宾语

Ithink(that)youwilllikethepictures.

Ifeelitimportantthattheyfinishtheirowntaskintime.

Theyareworryingaboutwhethertheycangetthereintime.

Youcanwriteaboutwhatevertopicyoucanthinkof.

一宾语从句三原则：语序；时态；引导词。1.语序：宾语从句用陈述句语序。Iwonderwhatheiswritingtomeabout但是：what’sthematter/wrong(with)……语序不变.Theownercameuptoseewhatwasthematterwithme/whatwaswrongwithme2.时态：宾语从句谓语动词的时态与主句谓语动词的时态保持一致。(1).如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般将来时，宾语从句用它本身的时态。Ihearhewillcomebackinanhour.(2).如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，宾语从句则用相应的过去时态。ShesaidthathehadneverbeentotheGreatWall.(3).如果宾语从句的内容是客观真理时，宾语从句仍然用一般现在时。Theteachertoldusthattheearthgoesaroundthesun./lighttravelsfasterthansound.3.引导词：（1）由that引导（2）由if/whether引导（3）由特殊疑问词引导二it在宾语从句中的应用：1.vt.+it+adj./n.+that-clause或wh-clause。Shehasmadeitclearthatshewillhavenothingtodowithhim.2.i)在主谓宾结构中，有一些习惯上不以that-clause或wh-clause从句直接作宾语的动词，如果要接宾语从句，往往需要在从句前加上形式宾语it.ThenewspapershaveitthatsomeJapanesefirmshavegonebankrupt.报纸说有几家日本公司已破产这类动词还有：have（表明，坚持说）,take（认为）,hide（隐瞒）,love,like，dislike,hate,enjoyii)在主谓宾结构中,如果谓语动词是短语动词，即动词+介词，一般不能that接从句。如果接从句，必须加上形式宾语it.IwillanswerforitthatLaoMawillaccomplishthetask.我担保老马能完成这项任务Looktoitthatyoumakenomoresimilarmistakes.注意今后你不再犯类似的错误了Iamcountingonitthatyouwillcome.我期待着你的到来这类动词还有：dependon,seetoetc.iii)某些固定搭配之后如果接that宾语从句,也必须使用作形式宾语it.Weoweittoyouthattherewasn’taseriousaccident.这次事故没造成严重的后果全靠你Ididn’tsendyouaninvitation,asItookitforgrantedthatyouwouldbecoming.因为我认为你当然会来,所以没有给你发请柬三1否定的转移当主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine等表示看法的动词时,宾语从句中谓语动词的否定式,习惯上前移到主句的谓语动词上.Idon’tthinkthathewillbebackuntilnine.2复杂疑问句/双重疑问句特殊疑问词+doyouthink/believe/suppose/imagineetc+其它部分（陈述句语序）?Whodoyouguessthatgirlinredis?Whodoyouimaginewillspeakatthemeetingtomorrow?3Willtheybereadytomorrow?Yes,Ithinkso.(Yes,Ithinkthattheywillbereadytomorrow)so用来替代某一些动词(think,believe,suppose,imagine,hopeetc)后面的that从句.Willtheyattendthemeetingnextmonth?No,Idon’tbelieveso(Ibelievenot)在替代否定概念，既可以用so，也可以用not.但是：在hope和beafraid后在替代否定概念只能是not，不能是so.Doyouthinkwe’llhavebadweather?Ihopenot.Haveyougotaworkpermit?I’mafraidnot.第三节

表语从句含有表语从句的复合句，其主句的主语常常用fact,idea,opinion,problem,question,reason,result或者由what引起的主语从句。引导表语从句连接代词或者连接副词除常用that以外,who,which,what,whether,when,where,why,how,because,as,asif/asthough等。如：Thechanceisthatonesmokerinfourwilldiefromsmoking.WhatwewanttoknowiswhetheryourproductscameuptothestandardShenzhenisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.Thisishowtheyovercamethedifficulties.Itsoundsasif/thoughsomebodywasknockingatthedoor.注意：先说结果，后说原因，用This/Thatisbecause…先说原因，后说结果，用That/Thisiswhy…当主语是reason时，引导表语从句的连接词只能用that，如Heisabsent.Thisisbecauseheisill.//Heisill.Thatiswhyheisabsent.//Thereasonwhyheisabsentisthatheisill.第四节

同位语从句十年的劳累！这就是现在显得如此苍老的原因3how1)引导主语从句和宾语从句时，意思是“怎么，怎样”。Howtheywentthereisunknowntous.我们不知道他们是怎么去那儿的Excuseme,couldyoutellmehowIcangettotheSummerPalace.劳驾，能否告诉我去颐和园怎么走？2)引导主语从句和宾语从句时，意思是“这样”。Thisishowtheyovercamethedifficulties.他们就是这样克服困难的相似句型的混淆:

6.Asisknowntoallthatscienceplaysanimportantpartinthedevelopmentofindustryandagriculture.（错误)

Asisknowntoall,scienceplaysanimportantpartinthedevelopmentofindustryandagriculture.（正确)

Itisknowntoallthatscienceplaysanimportantpartinthedevelopmentofindustryandagriculture.（正确)

注：as作为关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句位于主句之前时，从句与主句之间要用逗号隔开。It作为形式主语将that引导的主语从句后置时，that常常不能省。7that在引导宾语从句时常常可省，但在下面情况时不可省去：宾语从句不止一个时，见例①；宾语从句与主句之间有插入语时，见例②；宾语从句为一个主从复合句时，见例③；引导主语从句，表语从句或同位语从句时，见例④。

①Theycomplain(that)theyhavetoworkfrommorningtillnight,thatitishardtoearnmoney,thattheyarebullied(欺负)bythepolicemen,orthatthecorporationleadersareseatedlazilyandenjoy