2023届高三英语名校新题03（阅读理解之说明文） 期中考试专辑 解析版

2023届高三英语名校新题快递一11月期中考试专辑

专题03阅读理解之说明文解析版

北京市海淀区2022-2023学年高三上学期期中英语试题

Humanshavelonggainedpleasurefromthesmellsofthenaturalworld.Forthemostpart,though,

humanbeingsarenottheirtargetmarket.Forplants,fragrancesareawaytointeractwithinsectsandother

animals.Theirattractionforpeoplehappenssimplybychance.

Inchemicalterms,mostnaturalfragrancesaremadeupofvolatiles—socalledbecauseoftheir

tendencytochangestatessuddenly.Volatilesevaporateeasily,driftingintonoses.Inplants'reproductive

processes,smellyvolatilesattractpollinators（授粉昆虫）.Buttheirnaturalapplicationsaremuchmore

varied.IfaninsectchewsthroughtheleavesofsomeBurseraplants,outshootsasticky,smellyliquidto

trapit.Coyotetobaccoplantsareevenmorecrafty:uponsensingthesmellofhungrycaterpillars,they

producevolatilesthatattractpredatorstokillthepests.

Whatistrulyamazingisjusthowwilyplantscanbeinusingtheirscentsforreproduction.White

flowersoftenemittheirscentatnighttoattractnocturnalpollinatorssuchasmoths.Theyproduceadilute

nectar（稀释的花蜜）thatencouragesmothstokeepmoving,ratherthanlingeratasinglebloom—allthe

bettertoincreasepollination.Otherflowerschangetheirfragranceafterbeingsuccessfullypollinated,asa

signalfbrinsectstogoelsewhere.

Butthough“Scent”isastoryofplants9cleverness,itisalsoataleofthehumankind.Peoplehavelong

usedfragrancesfortheirownpurposes,particularlyforuseinreligiousceremonies:perfumerecipesonthe

wallsofanEgyptiantempleinEdfudemonstratejusthowlongingi,edientshavebeenmixedinpursuitof

thebestblend.Sohighlyprizedweresomescentsthat,toscareoffcompetitors,Arabtradersspreada

legendaboutgianteaglesthatguardedcinnamon.

Eventuallyscientistsnolongerneedednaturalsourcesforfragrances.In1866afragrancemolecule

wasproducedforthefirsttime.Sixteenyearslater,HoubigantParfumreleasedFougereRoyale,thefirst

“modemfantasyperfilme^^thatcreatesanimaginaryscentratherthancopyinganaturalone.Nowadays

fragrance-makingisdominatedbyman-madecompounds,whichcanbereliablyandaffordablyproduced

inlargequantities.

Thathasledtothemassproductionofsmellyproducts,fromtoiletpapertotoothpaste.Scentis

accordinglybigbusiness.Itissaidthataworld-famousfragranceandflavourmanufacturerthatclaims

peopleinteractwithitsproductsupto30timesaday,hadsalesof€3.8bnlastyear.

31.AccordingtoParagraph1and2,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?

A.Someplantsmightkillthepestswiththeirsmells.

B.Fragranceisatoolforplantstoprotectthemselves.

C.Peopleinteractwithnatureeasilythroughfragrance.

D.Fragrancesarelessimportanttohumansthantoanimalsandinsects.

32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“prized“inParagraph4mostprobablymean?

A.Developed.B.Rewarded.C.Mixed.D.Valued.

33.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Humansdonotusefragrancesaspurposefullyasplantsdo.

B.Naturalsourcesforfragranceswillbeoutofdateinthefuture.

C.Plantsusefragrancestobothattractandsendawaypollinators.

D.Man-madefragranceshavetobeproducedbycopyingnaturalones.

34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.PlantsSmell,InsectsPrey

B.SmartnessbehindFragrance

C.Fragrance:ToMakeorNottoMake

D.FragranceConnectsHuman&Nature

【答案】31.B32.D33.C34.B

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。对植物来说，香味是与昆虫和其他动物互动的一种方式。它们对人的

吸引力完全是偶然发生的。文章主要说明了植物是如何通过香味来保护自己以及繁殖的。

[31题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段中"IfaninsectchewsthroughtheleavesofsomeBurseraplants,out

shootsasticky,smellyliquidtotrapit.Coyotetobaccoplantsareevenmorecrafty:uponsensingthe

smellofhungrycaterpillars,theyproducevolatilesthatattractpredatorstokillthepests.（如果一只

昆虫咬穿了一些Bursera植物的叶子，就会喷出一种粘性的、有臭味的液体来困住它。土狼烟草

植物甚至更狡猾：一旦嗅到饥饿毛虫的气味，它们就会产生挥发物，吸引捕食者杀死害虫）”可推

知，作者认同香味是植物保护自己的工具。故选B。

[32题详解】

词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“toscareoffcompetitors,Arabtradersspreadalegendaboutgiant

eaglesthatguardedcinnamonM可知，为了吓跑竞争对手，阿拉伯商人传播了一个关于守护肉桂

的巨鹰的传说，可见有些香料非常珍贵，让商人通过传说来吓跑竞争对手。故画线词意思是“宝

贵的"。故选D。

【33题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段"Whatistrulyamazingisjusthowwilyplantscanbeinusingtheirscents

forreproduction.Whiteflowersoftenemittheirscentatnighttoattractnocturnalpollinatorssuch

asmoths.Theyproduceadilutenectar（稀释的花蜜）thatencouragesmothstokeepmoving,rather

thanlingeratasinglebloom-ailthebettertoincreasepollination.Otherflowerschangetheir

fragranceafterbeingsuccessfullypollinated,asasignalforinsectstogoelsewhere.（真正令人惊奇的

是植物在利用它们的气味进行繁殖时是多么的狡猾。白花通常在夜间散发气味，以吸引夜间传粉

者，如飞蛾。它们产生稀释的花蜜，鼓励飞蛾不断移动，而不是停留在一个单一的花期，这更好

地增加授粉。其他花朵在成功授粉后会改变它们的香味，作为昆虫转移到其他地方的信号）”可知，

植物利用香味来吸引和赶走传粉者。故选C

【34题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第一段aHumanshavelonggainedpleasurefromthesmellsofthenaturalworld.

Forthemostpart,though,humanbeingsarenottheirtargetmarket.Forplants,fragrancesarea

waytointeractwithinsectsandotheranimals.Theirattractionforpeoplehappenssimplyby

chance.（长期以来，人类一直从自然界的气味中获得快乐。不过，在大多数情况下，人类并不是它

们的目标市场。对植物来说，香味是与昆虫和其他动物互动的一种方式。它们对人的吸引力完全

是偶然发生的）”结合文章主要说明了植物是如何通过香味来保护自己以及繁殖的。可知，B选项

“香味背后的聪明机智”最符合文章标题。故选B。

辽宁省沈阳市重点高中联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期期中考试

Dogsmayappeartohaveselectivehearingwhenitcomestoordersbutresearchsuggeststheyare

payingattentiontohumanchitchat.

Researchers,whoan*angedforheadphone-wearingdogstolistentoexcerpts（节录）fromthenovel

TheLittlePrince,revealedtheirbrainscantellthedifferencesbetweenspeechandnon-speechwhen

listeningtohumanvoices,andshowdifferentresponsestospeechinanunfamiliarlanguage.

Theresearchinvolved18dogsofvariousagesandbreeds（品种）thatweretrainedtolieinanMRI

scannerwithheadphoneson.Theywerethenplayedrecordingseitherofhumansreadingexcerptsfrom

TheLittlePrinceorthosesamerecordingscutupintosmallpiecesandputbacktogetherinadifferentorder

soitsoundedunnatural.

Theresults,publishedinthejournalNeuroImage,revealedthedogs'brainsshowedadifferentactivity

patternintheprimaryauditorycortex（听觉皮层）forspeechcomparedwithnon-speech,withthefindings

similarregardlessofwhetherthelanguageused——HungarianorSpanish——wasfamiliar.Curiously,the

longerthedogs'headswere,thebettertheirbrainscoulddistinguishspeechfromnon-speech.

Theteamalsofoundtheactivitypatternwasstrongerfornon-speech.Inhumans,wetypicallysee

strongerresponsetospeech.

Theresearchalsorevealedfamiliarandunfamiliarlanguagesgaverisetodifferentresponsesinthe

secondaryauditorycortex—butonlyforspeech.Thatwasimportant,saidAndies,seniorauthorofthe

studyatLorandUniversityinHungary,asitsuggestedtheabilitytodistinguishbetweenlanguageswasnot

simplydowntothespeakersbeingdifferent.

Instead,theteamsaid,thedifferencesseenbetweenlanguagesfbrspeechai*eprobablydownto

exposuretothefamiliarlanguageandasensitivitytolanguage-specificregularities.

“Thisisalsosupportedbytheobservationthatolderdogsshowthestrongerdiscriminationbetween

thetwolanguages,saidAndies.

8.What'sthefunctionofParagraph1?

A.Tomakeacomparison.B.Tointroducethesubject.

C.Toprovidethebackground.D.Toproposeadefinition.

9.What'sParagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Theprocessoftheresearch.B.Thepurposeoftheresearch.

C.Thesubjectoftheresearch.D.Theoutcomeoftheresearch.

10.Onwhatbasisdidtheresearchersgettheirfindings?

A.Howoldandwhatbreedsthedogsare.

B.Howmanytimesthedogsreadthebook.

C.Howdogs'brainsreacttodifferentspeeches.

D.Howdogsgetfamiliarwiththelanguagesused.

11.Whycouldolderdogshavestrongerdiscrimination?

A.Theyhavemetmoredifferentspeakers.

B.Theyhavebeenexposedtostrictertraining.

C.Theypossessabettersenseofcommitment.

D.Theysharethespeakers9environmentlonger.

【答案】8.B9.A10.C11.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究发现狗狗可以识别出人的闲谈，介绍了研究对

象、方法、过程和结果。

【8题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段“Dogsmayappeartohaveselectivehearingwhenitcomestoordersbut

researchsuggeststheyarepayingattentiontohumanchitchat.（狗在听到命令时似乎有选择性听

力，但研究表明它们一直在关注人类的闲聊）”结合下文对这一现象的研究推知，该段用来引出狗

狗可以识别人的闲谈这一主题。故选B。

【9题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第三段“Theresearchinvolved18dogsofvariousagesandbreeds（品种）that

weretrainedtolieinanMRIscannerwithheadphoneson.Theywerethenplayedrecordings

eitherofhumansreadingexcerptsfromTheLittlePrinceorthosesamerecordingscutupinto

smallpiecesandputbacktogetherinadifferentordersoitsoundeduniiaturaL（该研究涉及18只

不同年龄和品种的狗，这些狗被训练成戴着耳机躺在MRI扫描仪中，然后播放录音。要么是人们

阅读《小王子》的节选，要么是那些相同的录音被分成几部分，然后以不同的顺序重新组合在一

起，因此听起来不自然）”可知，本段介绍了实验的对象，实验如何分组和实施。故该段讲的是实

验的过程。故选A。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段“Theresults,publishedinthejournalNeuroImage,revealedthedogs'

brainsshowedadifferentactivitypatternintheprimaryauditorycortex（听觉皮层）forspeech

comparedwithnon-speech,withthefindingssimilarregardlessofwhetherthelanguage

used-HungarianorSpanish-wasfamiliar.Curiously,thelongerthedogs'headswere,thebetter

theirbrainscoulddistinguishspeechfromnon-speech.（发表在《神经图像》杂志上的研究结果显示，

与非语音相比，狗的大脑在主要的听觉皮层中表现出不同的语言活动模式，无论使用的语言是匈

牙利语还是西班牙语，都是相似的。奇怪的是，狗的头越长，它们的大脑就越能区分言语和非言

语），，可知，本研究是通过分析狗狗大脑对不同语言的反应而得出结论的。故选C。

[11题详解】

推理判断题。根据第七段“Instead,theteamsaid,thedifferencesseenbetweenlanguagesforspeech

areprobablydowntoexposuretothefamiliarlanguageandasensitivitytolanguage-specific

regularities.（相反，研究小组说，语言之间的语音差异可能归结为熟悉的语言和对特定语言规律的

敏感性）”及最后一段“"Thisisalsosupportedbytheobservationthatolderdogsshowthestronger

discriminationbetweenthetwolanguages/9saidAndies.（Andies说：“这也得到了观察的支持，即

老年狗在两种语言之间表现出更强的辨别力。可知，狗能区分语言之间的不同是由于狗接触熟

悉的语言以及对特定语言常规模式的敏感。这是因为年纪大的狗狗对某种语言更加熟悉敏感。由

此推知，和说话者共处同一环境的时间更长让年纪大的狗狗有更强的分辨能力。故选D。

【山东省潍坊市2022.2023学年高三上学期期中】

Electronicswoven（编织）intofabricspromisetoopenupallkindsofinterestingpossibilities,from

clothingthatmonitorsmuscleactivityandtracksbreathing,togarmentsthatcantalktooneanother.

Developingpliablepowersourcestogowiththemisanequallyimportantfieldofresearch,soscientistsat

theUniversityofBritishColumbiahaveputforwardaparticularlyimpressivesolutionthattheysaycould

bethefirsteverbatterythatisbothstretchableandwashable.

Todevelopabatterywithsuchcapabilities,thescientistsreimaginedthewaythesedevicesareput

together.Ratherthanformingalithium-ionbatterypackedwithhardenedmaterialsinsidearigidexterior,

theteamturnedtoanalternativechemistryinzinc-manganese（锌镒）dioxide,whichisappealingforits

lowcostandsafety.Thesematerialsweregrounddownintotinypiecesandinsetinapolymer（聚合物）to

formverythinandstretchablelayers.

“Wewentwithzinc-manganesebecausefordeviceswornnexttotheskin,it'sasaferchemistrythan

lithium-ionbatteries,whichcanproducedeadlycompoundswhentheybreak,saysNguyen.

Theresultingbatteryisflexibleandcanbestretchedtotwiceitsnormallength,hasaspecificcapacity

of160mAhg-1andkeeps75percentofitscapacityover500chargeanddischargecycles.Impressively,

theteamfoundthebatterytowithstand39washcyclessofar.

Theteamisnowworkingtoimprovethepoweroutputandlifetimeofthebattery,andsaysthecreation

hasalreadyattractedcommercialinterest,withthecostexpectedtobesimilartoastandardrechargeable

battery.Theyimagineitbeingputtouseinwatchesandpatchesthatmeasurevitalsigns,andinsmart

clothingthatdoesmuchthesamething.

8.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“pliable“inparagraph1?

A.Strong.B.Multiple.C.Reliable.D.Flexible.

9.Whatwasamajorconsiderationforintroducingzinc—manganesebattery?

A.Safety.B.Hardness.C.Comfortableness.D.Convenience.

10.Whichaspectofthenewbatteryimpressedtheresearchersinparagraph4?

A.Itswashability.B.Itsstretchlength.

C.Itsmassivecapacity.D.Itschargespeed.

11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Electronicclothingiswellreceived.

B.Clothingfittedwithnewbatteryisontheway.

C.Clothing-friendlybatterycanbeputthroughwash.

D.Electronicswovenintofabricsopenuppossibilities.

【答案】8.D9.A10.A11.C

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款即可拉伸又可以清洗的电池。

【8题详解】

词句猜测题。根据文章第一段“Developingpliablepowersourcestogowiththemisanequally

importantfieldofresearch,soscientistsattheUniversityofBritishColumbiahaveputforwarda

particularlyimpressivesolutionthattheysaycouldbethefirsteverbatterythatisbothstretchable

andwashable”开发与之配套的柔韧电源是一个同样重要的研究领域，因此，英属哥伦比亚大学的

科学家们提出了一个特别令人印象深刻的解决方案，他们说，这可能是有史以来第一个既可拉伸

又可洗涤的电池。）”以及文章第四段“Theresultingbatteryisflexibleandcanbestretchedtotwice

itsnormallength,（这种电池很灵活,可以拉伸到正常长度的两倍,）”可以推测划线词的意思应是“灵

活的故选D项。

【9题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Ratherthanformingalithium-ionbatterypackedwithhardened

materialsinsidearigidexterior,theteamturnedtoanalternativechemistryinzinc-manganese（锌

镒）dioxide,whichisappealingforitslowcostandsafety.（该团队没有在坚硬的外壳内用硬化材料

填充锂离子电池，而是转向了zinc-manganese（锌铳）dioxide中的一种替代化学物质，这种化学物

质因其低成本和安全而备受青睐。）”可知介绍锌镒电池的一个主要考虑因素是这款电池的安全性。

故选A项。

【10题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第四段"Impressively,theteamfoundthebatterytowithstand39washcycles

sofar.（令人印象深刻的是，该团队发现该电池迄今为止可以承受39次洗涤循环。）”可知新电池给

研究人员留下了深刻印象的方面是它的可洗性。故选A项。

[11题详解】

主旨大意题。文章第一段"Developingpliablepowersourcestogowiththemisanequallyimportant

fieldofresearch,soscientistsattheUniversityofBritishColumbiahaveputforwardaparticularly

impressivesolutionthattheysaycouldbethefirsteverbatterythatisbothstretchableand

washable4开发与之配套的柔韧电源是一个同样重要的研究领域，因此，英属哥伦比亚大学的科学

家们提出了一个特别令人印象深刻的解决方案，他们说，这可能是有史以来第一个既可拉伸又可

洗涤的电池。）”引出话题，文章二、三段主要讲科学家们在研究这款电池方面所做出的努力，第

四、五段主要讲这款电池的特点，最后一段讲的是科学家们正在努力提高电池的功率输出和使用

寿命以及它的使用前景，所以文章主要围绕一款适合衣服使用的电池来展开。故选C项。

【山东省潍坊市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中】

Thoughresearchershavelongknownthatadultsbuildunconscious（无意识的）preferencesovera

lifetimeofmakingchoicesbetweenthingsthatareessentiallythesame,thenewfindingthatevenbabies

engageinthisphenomenondemonstratesthatthiswayofjustifyingchoiceisintuitive（凭直觉的）and

somehowfundamentaltothehumanexperience.

“Theactofmakingachoicechangeshowwefeelaboutouroptions,"saidAlexSilver,aJohns

Hopkinsresearcher."Eveninfantswhoarereallyjustatthestartofmakingchoicesforthemselveshave

thispreference.

ThefindingsarepublishedtodayinthejournalPsychologicalScience.Peopleassumetheychoose

thingsthattheylike.Butresearchsuggeststhat'ssometimesbackwards:welikethingsbecausewechoose

them.And,wedislikethingsthatwedon'tchoose."Adultsmaketheseinferencesunconsciously,said

co-authorLisaFeigenson,aJohnsHopkinsscientistinchilddevelopment.44Wejustifyourchoiceafterthe

fact.”

Thismakessenseforadultsinaconsumerculturewhomustmakerandomchoiceseveryday,between

everythingfromtoothpastebrandstostylesofjeans.Thequestionwaswhenexactlypeoplestartdoingthis.

Sotheyturnedtobabies,whodon'tgetmanychoicesso,asFeigensonputsit,are"aperfectwindowinto

theoriginofthistendency/9

Theteambrought10-to20-month-oldbabiesintothelabandgavethemachoiceofobjectstoplay

with;twoequallybrightandcolorfulsoftblocks.Theysetthemfarapart,sothebabieshadtocrawltoone

ortheother一arandomchoice.Afterthebabychoseoneofthetoys,theresearcherstookitawayandcame

backwithanewoption.Thebabiescouldthenpickfromthetoytheydidn'tplaywiththefirsttime,ora

brandnewtoy.Theirchoicesshowedthey"dis-prefertheunchosenobject.^^

Tocontinuestudyingtheevolutionofchoiceinbabies,thelabwillnextlookattheideaof“choice

overload.^^Foradults,choiceisgood,buttoomanychoicescanbeaproblem,sothelabwilltryto

determineifthatisalsotrueforbabies.

12.Whatispeople'sassumptionabouttheactofmakingchoices?

A.Theylikewhattheychoose.

B.Theychoosewhattheylike.

C.Theybasechoicesonthefact.

D.Theymakechoicesthoughtfully.

13.Whywerebabiesselectedassubjectsforthestudy?

A.Tohelpthemmakebetterchoices.

B.Toguidethemtoperceivetheworld.

C.Totracktherootofmakingrandomchoices.

D.Todeepentheunderstandingofaconsumerculture.

14.Whatdoesthestudyonthebabiesshow?

A.Theylikenovelobjects.

B.Theirchoicesaremostlybasedoncolors.

C.Theirrandomchoicesbecomepreferences.

D.Theyareunabletomakechoicesforthemselves.

15.Whatwillthefollowingstudyfocuson?

A.Thelawof"choiceoverload”.

B.Theproblemofadults'manychoices.

C.Whytoomanychoicescaninfluenceadults.

D.Whetherbabiesaretroubledwithmanychoices.

【答案】12.B13.C14.C15.D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了成年人在一生中在本质上相同的事物之间做出选择时会产

生无意识的偏好，科学家就“婴儿在选择的过程中会基于自己的喜好吗”展开了研究。

[12题详解】

细节理解题。由第一段"Thoughresearchershavelongknownthatadultsbuildunconscious（无意识

的）preferencesoveralifetimeofmakingchoicesbetweenthingsthatareessentiallythesame,the

newfindingthatevenbabiesengageinthisphenomenondemonstratesthatthiswayofjustifying

choiceisintuitive（凭直觉的）andsomehowfundamentaltothehumanexperience.（尽管研究人员

早就知道，成年人在一生中在本质上相同的事物之间做出选择时会产生无意识的偏好，但即使是

婴儿也会参与这一现象的新发现表明，这种证明选择合理性的方式是凭直觉的，而且在某种程度

上是人类经验的基础）”和第三段中的“Peopleassumetheychoosethingsthattheylike.（人们认为他

们选择自己喜欢的东西）”可知，人们对选择行为的假设就是人们选择自己喜欢的。故选B项。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。由第四段中的“Sotheyturnedtobabies,whodon"getmanychoicesso,asFeigenson

putsit,are“aperfectwindowintotheoriginofthistendency."（因此，他们转向了婴儿，婴儿没有

太多选择，所以，正如费根森所说，这是“一个了解这种倾向起源的完美窗口”）”可知，选择婴儿

作为研究对象是因为婴儿是追踪随机选择的根源。故选C项。

【14题详解】

推理判断题。由第五段“Theteambrought10-to20-month-oldbabiesintothelabandgavethema

choiceofobjectstoplaywith;twoequallybrightandcolorfulsoftblocks.Theysetthemfarapart,

sothebabieshadtocrawltooneortheother—arandomchoice.Afterthebabychoseoneofthe

toys,theresearcherstookitawayandcamebackwithanewoption.Thebabiescouldthenpick

fromthetoytheydidn'tplaywiththefirsttime,orabrandnewtoy.Theirchoicesshowedthey

wdis-prefertheunchosenobject”（研究小组将10到20个月大的婴儿带进实验室，让他们选择玩的

物品；两块同样明亮多彩的软块。他们把它们隔开很远，所以婴儿们不得不爬到其中一个或另一

个——随机选择。当婴儿选择了其中一个玩具后，研究人员将其拿走，并带着一个新的选择回来。

然后，婴儿们可以从他们第一次没有玩过的玩具中挑选，或者挑选一个全新的玩具。他们的选择

表明，他们“不喜欢未被选择的对象"）“可知，婴儿们不喜欢自己没有选过的玩具，说明他们喜欢

自己选过的东西，可得出他们的随机选择变成了偏好。故选C项。

[15题详解】

细节理解题。由最后一段中的"Foradults,choiceisgood,buttoomanychoicescanbeaproblem,so

thelabwilltrytodetermineifthatisalsotrueforbabies.（对于成年人来说，选择是好的，但选择

太多可能是一个问题，因此实验室将尝试确定婴儿是否也是如此）”可知，接下来实验室研究重点

是“婴儿是否会被太多选择困扰”。故选D项。

江苏省连云港市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中调研

AsMarkMeekan,atropicalfishbiologistattheAustralianInstituteofMarineScienceinPerth,

spottedagiantshadowyfiguremovingintheIndianOcean,hewasdivingtotakesamplesofawhale

shark'sskin.

Thesharks,averagingaround12meterslong,spendmostoftheirlivesinthedeepoceanwherethey

arehardtoobserve,soanalyzingthechemicalmakeupoftheirtissuescanhelpscientistslearnmoreabout

theirbiologyandbehavior,includingwhattheyeat.

TheskinsamplesthatMeekancollectedrevealthatwhalesharks,longthoughttobestrictmeateaters,

alsoeatanddigestalgae（海藻）.Thefindingsaddtoevidencethatwhalesharksintentionallyeatplants,

potentiallymakingthemthelargestomnivoresonEarth.

Althoughalgaehasturnedupinthestomachsofbeachedwhalesharksbefore,"everyonethoughtit

wasjustaccidentalingestion（摄取）Meekansays.

Tofindoutifthatassumptionheldup,Meekan'steamtooktissuesamplesfrom17whalesharks

feedingoffthecoastofWesternAustraliafrom2015to2017.Whalesharks5skinwasrichinarachidonic

acid（花生四烯酸）thatisfoundinbrownalgae,theanalysisshowed.

Thenewworksupportspreviousresearchbyadifferentgroupthatfoundalgae-relatednutrientsinthe

skinofwhalesharksnearJapan.Together,thefindingssuggestthatdigestinggreensiscommonpractice

forwhalesharks.

Butthatdoesn'tmeanwhalesharksaretrueomnivores,sayssharkbiologistRobertHueter.uThisisa

bitlikesayingthatcowsareomnivoresbecausetheyeatinsectswhilefeedingongrass.”

Meekanadmitsthatheisn'tsurewhetherwhalesharksseekoutalgae,buttheamounttheyeatisn't

incidental（附带的）,"Theirtissuesholdaremarkablerecordofwhatthey'vebeenupto,“hesays."We're

nowlearninghowtoreadthislibrary.^^

28.WhydidMarkMeekantakesamplesofwhalesharks9skin?

A.Toobservethelivingconditionsofsealife.

B.Todiscovertheeatinghabitsofwhalesharks.

C.Toexplorethebiologyandbehaviorofsealife.

D.Toanalyzethefunctionofwhalesharks9tissues.

29.WhatcanwelearnaboutMarkMeekan'sfindings?

A.Ifscommonforwhalesharkstotakeinalgae.

B.Ifsthefirsttimetofindwhalesharkseatgreens.

C.Thereisabundantarachidonicacidinbrownalgae.

D.Therearealgae-relatednutrientsinwhalesharks'skin.

30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“omnivores“inparagraph3mean?

A.Meateaters.B.Animalslivinginthedeepocean.

C.Livingcreatures.D.Animalsfeedingonmeatandgreens.

31.WhatmessagedoesMarkMeekanconveyinthelastparagraph?

A.He'llfindoutwhetherwhalesharkseatplants.

B.He'llrecordwhatwhalesharkshavebeenupto.

C.He'llfigureoutwhywhalesharksdigestgreens.

D.He'llreadmoreaboutwhalesharksinthelibrary.

【答案】28.B29.A30.D31.C

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了生物学家MarkMeekan的研究发现，长期以来被认为是严

格肉食者的鲸鲨，也摄入绿色植物。

【28题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“Thesharks,averagingaround12meterslong,spendmostoftheirlivesin

thedeepoceanwheretheyarehardtoobserve,soanalyzingthechemicalmakeupoftheirtissues

canhelpscientistslearnmoreabouttheirbiologyandbehavior,includingwhattheyeat•（鲨鱼平均

身长约12米，它们大部分时间生活在深海中，很难被观察到，因此分析它们组织的化学组成可以

帮助科学家更多地了解它们的生物学和行为，包括它们吃什么）”及第三段中“Theskinsamplesthat

Meekancollectedrevealthatwhalesharks,longthoughttobestrictmeateaters,alsoeatanddigest

algae（海藻）.（Meekan收集的皮肤样本显示，长期以来被认为是严格肉食者的鲸鲨，也吃并消化海

藻）”可知，MarkMeekan采集鲸鲨皮肤样本是为了探究鲸鲨的饮食习惯。故选B项。

[29题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段中“TheskinsamplesthatMeekancollectedrevealthatwhalesharks,long

thoughttobestrictmeateaters,alsoeatanddigestalgae（海藻）.（Meekan收集的皮肤样本显示，长

期以来被认为是严格肉食者的鲸鲨，也吃并消化藻类户以及第六段中“Together,thefindings

suggestthatdigestinggreensiscommonpracticeforwhalesharks.（总之，这些发现表明，消化绿

色食物是鲸鲨的常见习惯）”可知，从MarkMeekan的发现中我们了解到鲸鲨摄入藻类是很常见的。

故选A项。

[30题详解】

词句猜测题。划线词句前文“TheskinsamplesthatMeekancollectedrevealthatwhalesharks,long

thoughttobestrictmeateaters,alsoeatanddigestalgae（海藻）.（Meekan收集的皮肤样本显示，长

期以来被认为是严格肉食者的鲸鲨，也吃并消化藻类）”说明鲸鲨除了吃肉也吃植物，是杂食动物，

从而推知划线词句"Thefindingsaddtoevidencethatwhalesharksintentionallyeatplants,

potentiallymakingthemthelargestomnivoresonEarth.（这些发现进一步证明了鲸鲨有意识地吃

些植物，这可能使它们成为地球上最大的omnivores）”其中词汇应为“既吃肉也吃植物的杂食动

物”。故选D项。

[31题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段中Meekan所说“Theirtissuesholdaremarkablerecordofwhatthey've

beenupto.（它们的组织保存着它们所做事情的显著记录）”以及“We，renowlearninghowtoread

thislibrary.（我们现在正在学习如何阅读这个资料库）”等可以推知，Meekan表明他会弄明白为什

么鲸鲨会消化绿色植物的。故选C项。

辽宁省沈阳市2022-2023学年高三上学期期中考试

Societytellsusweshouldsocialisetothefullest,andthatthosewhoaresurroundedbypeoplearethe

mostsuccessfulandthehappiest.Thesedays,we'realmostalwaysconnected,whetherinpersonorthrough

ourphonescreensandonlinesocialnetworks.Butthere'ssomethingtobesaidfbrsolitude（独处），“Being

alonedoesn'tnecessarilymeanbeinglonely”.Infact,spendingtimebyyourselfisanessentialelementof

self-care.

Aroundtheglobedifferentcultureshavewide-rangingperspectivesonwhatitmeanstospendtime

alone.IfyouliveorhavespenttimeintheUnitedStates,you'reprobablyawarethatAmericanstendto

rejectsolitude.Formanyyoungerpeople,weekendsarepackedwithsocialactivities,rangingfrombrunch

withfriendstodinnerpartiestogamenightstodrinkingatbarsandeverythinginbetween.

TheUnitedStatesisn'ttheonlyplacewhereyou'llfindaheavyemphasisonsocialtime.Acrossthe

Atlantic,theUnitedKingdomisknownforbeinganextremelyextroverted（夕卜向型的）country.Asurveyof

Britsfoundthatmorethanhalfhadneverdoneandwouldbeunwillingtodoactivitieslikegoingtotheme

parksorseeinglivemusicalone.MostBritsspendalmosttwiceasmuchoftheirleisuretimesocialising

withothersastheydobeingalone.

Thehomecanbeaplaceofrest,relaxationandrecharge一thatis,ifyoulivebyyourselforhavethe

spacetobealoneinyourhome.ThecountryinwhichpeopleareleastlikelytolivealoneisIndia,atabout

4percentofthepopulation.Chinaisalsoquitefondofmultiple-personhouseholds,withonlyabout10

percentofpeoplelivingbythemselves.Inmorecollectivistcultureslikethese,manyaspectsoflifeare

relatedtocommunity.Thus,spendingtimealoneisn'tasingrained（根深蒂固的）asasocialconventionin

placeslikethese,andthegoodofthegrouptakespriorityovertheneedsofoneperson.

12.Whatca