专题45 议论文（高考真题+各地模拟题）

备战2022高考考英语完形填空话题分类训练(高考真题+各地模拟题)专题45议论文（2014·广东·高考真题）Parentsfeelthatitisdifficulttolivewithteenagers.Thenagain,teenagershave___1___feelingsabouttheirparents,sayingthatitisnoteasylivingwiththem.Accordingtoarecentresearch,themostcommon___2___betweenparentsandteenagersisthatregardinguntidinessanddailyroutinetasks.Ontheonehand,parentsgomadover___3___rooms,clothesthrownonthefloorandtheirchildren’srefusaltohelpwiththe___4___.Ontheotherhand,teenagerslosetheirpatiencecontinuallywhenparentsblamethemfor___5___thetowelinthebathroom,notcleaninguptheirroomorrefusingtodotheshoppingatthesupermarket.Theresearch,conductedbySt.GeorgeUniversity,showsthatdifferentparentshavedifferent___6___totheseproblems.However,someapproachesaremore___7___thanothers.Forexample,thoseparentswhoyellattheirchildrenfortheiruntidiness,but___8___cleantheroomforthem,havefewerchancesofchangingtheirchildren’s___9___.Onthecontrary,thosewholetteenagersexperiencethe____10____oftheiractionscandobetter.Forexample,whenteenagerswhodon’thelptheirparentswiththeshoppingdon’tfindtheirfavoritedrinkintherefrigerator,theyareforcedto____11____theiractions.Psychologistssaythat____12____isthemostimportantthinginparent-childrelationships.Parentsshould____13____totheirchildrenbutatthesametimetheyshouldlendaneartowhattheyhavetosay.Parentsmay____14____theirchildrenwhentheyareuntidybuttheyshouldalsounderstandthattheirroomistheirownprivatespace.Communicationisatwo-wayprocess.Itisonlybylisteningtoand____15____eachotherthatproblemsbetweenparentsandchildrencanbesettled.1．A．natural B．strong C．guilty D．similar2．A．interest B．argument C．link D．knowledge3．A．noisy B．crowded C．messy D．locked4．A．homework B．housework C．problem D．research5．A．washing B．using C．dropping D．replacing6．A．approaches B．contributions C．introductions D．attitudes7．A．complex B．popular C．scientific D．successful8．A．later B．deliberately C．seldom D．thoroughly9．A．behavior B．taste C．future D．nature10．A．failures B．changes C．consequences D．thrills11．A．defend B．delay C．repeat D．reconsider12．A．communication B．bond C．friendship D．trust13．A．reply B．attend C．attach D．talk14．A．hate B．scold C．frighten D．stop15．A．loving B．observing C．understanding D．praising（2022·山西临汾·二模）“Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?”WhenIwasakid,I____16____thequestion.AdultsalwaysseemedterriblydisappointedthatIwasn't____17____becomingsomethinggrandor____18____,likeanastronaut.Now,asanorganizationalpsychologist,myjobistofixotherpeople'sjobs,andI'vecometo____19____thataskingyoungstersthatquestiondoesthem____20____Myfirstcomplaintaboutthequestionisthatit____21____kidstodefinethemselvesintermsofwork.Ifwedefineourselvesbyourjobs,our____22____

dependsonwhatweachieve.Sowhenyouare____23____whatyouwanttobe,it'snotsocially____24____tosay,“Afather”,or,“Amother”,letalone,“Apersonofintegrity”.Thesecond____25____istheimplicationthatthereisonecalling（使命）outthereforeveryone.Researchshowsthat____26____oneleavesstudentsfeelinglostand____27____.Afterall,noteveryonehasthattalentforgrandjobs.Ifyoumanageto____28____theabovebarriers，thereisathirdhurdle（难关）：Careersrarelyliveuptoyourchildhood____29____.Inonestudy,lookingfora(n)____30____jobleftcollegeseniorsfeelingmoreanxiousandlesssatisfiedwiththe____31____.AsTimUrbanwrites,happinessisrealityminusexpectations.It'sclearhowexpectations____32____ourperceivedhappiness.Ifyouarelookingforextremehappiness,you'reboundtobe____33____Askingkidswhattheywanttobeleadsthemto____34____acareeridentitytheymightneverwanttoearn.____35____,invitethemtothinkaboutthedifferentthingstheymightwanttodo.16．A．considered B．feared C．explained D．recalled17．A．dreamingof B．objectingto C．focusingon D．stickingto18．A．average B．humble C．heroic D．romantic19．A．prefer B．remember C．believe D．anticipate20．A．harm B．good C．wrong D．honor21．A．forces B．troubles C．commands D．forbids22．A．status B．experience C．worth D．fame23．A．taught B．asked C．guided D．consulted24．A．rejected B．accurate C．confirmed D．acceptable25．A．thought B．division C．assumption D．problem26．A．pickingup B．searchingfor C．prayingfor D．takingover27．A．bored B．impatient C．intolerant D．confused28．A．strengthen B．control C．build D．overcome29．A．efforts B．struggles C．ambitions D．gains30．A．ideal B．permanent C．ordinary D．specific31．A．benefit B．outcome C．solution D．truth32．A．boost B．contain C．guarantee D．affect33．A．disappointed B．addicted C．delighted D．embarrassed34．A．refuse B．claim C．keep D．ignore35．A．Meanwhile B．Otherwise C．Instead D．However（2022·广东·汕头市聿怀中学模拟预测）Doyoulisten?Doyoureallylisten?Istheremoretolisteningthanjusthearing?Listeningis,byfar,oneofthemostimportantaspectsofcommunication.Sooften,youpayattentiontoyourwayofspeaking,your____36____,yourdialect,butneglectyourabilitytolisten.Itismy____37____thatpeoplescreamoutorchangetheintendedpurposesofmuchofwhattheyhear.Toooften,weconsiderlisteningthe____38____partofconversation,althoughitrequiresourfocus,purpose,andactiveparticipation.Listeningmeanstogiveearto,topayattentionto,to____39____,towitness,tohearwiththoughtful____40____,ortounderstand.Themostbasicofallhumanneedsistheneedtounderstandandtobeunderstood.Theonlywaytounderstandisto____41____.Learntobeanactivelistener.Giveoffpositivebodylanguage.____42____awillingnesstosocialize.Asktherightquestions.Boostyour____43____sothatyoucanunderstandmoreandachieveeffectivelistening.Listeningmeansweshouldrespond,thatweshouldbetouched,thatwhatwehearhasa(n)____44____onus.Ibelievethathistory_____45_____itselfonlybecausenoonelistensthefirsttime.Youweregiventwoears,butonlyonemouth,whichisagentlehintthatweshouldlistenmore,becauseGodknewthatlisteningwastwiceas_____46_____astalking.Listeningisthekeybuildingblockineffectivecommunications.Goodlisteningskillsarecrucial,aslisteningisthefundamental_____47_____ofallinformation.Isn’tnowthetimetogivethegiftoflisteningtothoseaboutyou?Giventhemyour_____48_____attention.UseyourGodgiven_____49_____tobecomeabetterlistener.Forme,I’mgoingtoputinto_____50_____whatIbelieveinmyheartandbecomeabetterlistener.36．A．sounds B．words C．gestures D．movements37．A．conception B．plan C．purpose D．requirement38．A．active B．passive C．basic D．useless39．A．argue B．quarrel C．discuss D．obey40．A．advice B．attention C．love D．help41．A．ask B．learn C．try D．listen42．A．Send B．Present C．Predict D．Design43．A．courage B．confidence C．energy D．knowledge44．A．impact B．connection C．emotion D．difference45．A．makes B．fails C．repeats D．destroys46．A．interesting B．hard C．much D．long47．A．resource B．material C．source D．element48．A．considerate B．wide C．extra D．entire49．A．information B．talents C．messages D．ideas50．A．effect B．position C．practice D．service（2022·四川·石室中学模拟预测）ChinaistakingareformintoaccountonitsCollegeEntranceExamination,underwhichtwoseparatetestmodes-__51__andacademic-willbeintroducedintotheexamination.Suchreformsarebadlyneeded,asthedemandforhighly-skilledprofessionals__52__sharplyinthecontextofthecountry'seconomicrestructuring.Thetestfortechnicalmodewillmainly__53__thetechnicalskillsofthosestudentswhoplantobecome_54_andmechanicalworkerswhiletheacademicmodeattractsthosestudentswhoprepareto_____55_____anacademiccareer.Callsforreformofthecurrentgaokaoregime,underwhichstudentsareadmittedbased__56__upontheiracademicperformanceinsteadofpracticalskills,havebeen__57__highinChinainrecentyears.___58___,theexistingsystemhassomemerits,asitprovides__59__fairopportunitiesforallstudents,especiallythosefromthepoorareas,tochangetheir__60__throughreceivinghighereducation.Butithasalsobeen__61__forhavingchurnedoutcollegegraduateswithlittlepracticalskills,somethingthatpreventedthemfrom__62__decentjobs.Lastyear,Chinahad6.99millioncollege_63_,only77.4percentofwhichhavefoundaposition,accordingtoofficial__64__.__65__,thefactthatmanycollegegraduatescannotfindaproperjobdoesnot__66__meanChinahastoomanytalents.Inmanysectors,enterprisescan't__67__thetechniciansandskilledworkerstheyneed.Accordingtoasamplesurveyof__68__professionalsin40citiesconductedbythetheMinistryofLaborandSocialSecurity,techniciansandhighlyskilledworkersaccountfor__69__4percentofthelaborforce,__70__withanaverage35percentindevelopedcountries.51．A．economic B．technical C．combined D．academic52．A．rises B．falls C．changes D．turns53．A．acton B．operateon C．reflecton D．focuson54．A．teachers B．officials C．engineers D．writers55．A．create B．cultivate C．know D．pursue56．A．largely B．slightly C．totally D．wholly57．A．standing B．keeping C．flying D．running58．A．Admittedly B．Supposedly C．Excitedly D．Repeatedly59．A．completely B．naturally C．relatively D．reasonably60．A．past B．origin C．appearance D．fate61．A．commented B．targeted C．enjoyed D．regarded62．A．landing B．hiring C．doing D．liking63．A．students B．graduates C．technicians D．employees64．A．data B．guess C．media D．instruction65．A．However B．Therefore C．Anyway D．Furthermore66．A．possibly B．importantly C．necessarily D．generally67．A．find B．raise C．accept D．support68．A．talented B．proficient C．retired D．dedicated69．A．lessthan B．morethan C．ratherthan D．otherthan70．A．connected B．associated C．dealt D．compared（2021·上海普陀·一模）Imaginesittinginsideawindowlesstrainthat'sshootingthroughatubeattwicethespeedofanairplane.Yourtrainhasnowheels,producesno____71____,makesitsownelectricity,andisn'taffectedbybadweather.Thisisthehyperloop,anewvisionfortheworld's____72____,safest,andgreenestformoftransportation.Manyhave____73____thisnewtechnology,butotherssaythehyperloopvisionisjustabunchofhotair.Hyperloopdevelopersplantousethepropertiesofmagnetstofloat,stabilize,anddrivethecapsulesorpodsforhundredsofmilesthrough____74____tubes.Withoutairorgroundtoslowdownthevehicles,whatwasonceafive-hourjourneywouldbecomeahalf-hourexcursion,engineerspromise.Supportersofthetechnologypromoteadditional____75____oftransportingpassengersandcargobyhyperloop.Forexample,theyfirmlystatethatunlikeothercity-to-citytransportthat's____76____,suchasplanesortrains,hyperloopvehicleswouldleaveasneeded,likeUbersandtaxis.Whilethe____77____wouldholdonly28to50passengerseach,developersplanforthemtodepartstationsingroupseveryminuteorsowhichtheysaycouldamounttoshuttling50,000peopleanhour.That'smorethantwicethepassenger____78____oftheworld'sfastesttrains.Developersalsosaythathyperlooptubeswouldbe____79____sotheywouldn'tinterferewithothertrafficorthreatenwildlife.Andtubeswouldbecoveredwithsolarpanelstopowerthehyperloop'ssystems.______80______,advocatesregardthehyperloopasthetransportationchoiceforthefuture.Butnoteveryoneisonboard.Engineershavecalculatedthatthehigh-speedvehicleswillneedtomakemuchwiderturnsthancurrentlyenvisioned,andotherwisetheywon'tbe______81______forpassengers.Thiswouldaddseveralmilestotheproposedtubetracks,Engineersalsosayplannershaven'tincludedenoughtimeforvehiclestosafelybrakeandtakeoffatstations.Someengineersbelieveitwilltakemuchlongerthanclaimedtopumpthe______82______outofthetubesbeforeeachvehicle'sdeparture.Criticsthussayhyperloopscan'tgoasfastorserveasmanypassengersperhourasadvertised,makingthem______83______existinghigh-speedtransportationoptions.Hyperloopcompaniessaythey're______84______theseconcerns.Theyclaimthattheycansafelymaintainhighspeedsbyhavingthevehiclesbankaroundtheturnsasaplanedoes.Andtheirhyperloopswillrelyonthesplit-secondreactiontimesofacomputerto______85______vehiclesquickly,frequently,andsafely.71．A．pollution B．sound C．energy D．wind72．A．cleanest B．lightest C．latest D．fastest73．A．adapted B．exploited C．embraced D．developed74．A．totallyhollow B．nearlyairless C．steadilynarrow D．highlyflexible75．A．advantages B．costs C．qualities D．situations76．A．inconstantdemands B．onstricttimetables C．inchangeablestates D．onessentialservices77．A．cabins B．lorries C．tubes D．vehicles78．A．fare B．capacity C．speed D．comfort79．A．underground B．parallel C．elevated D．shared80．A．However B．Therefore C．Beside D．Otherwise81．A．available B．economic C．easy D．safe82．A．force B．air C．heat D．water83．A．mostpopularof B．superiorto C．nobetterthan D．leastprofitableof84．A．addressing B．causing C．voicing D．releasing85．A．ride B．pilot C．park D．alert（2021·上海长宁·一模）Hugelyambitiousinscope,TheLordoftheRingsoccupiesanuncomfortablepositionin20thcenturyliterature.ThisbookofJ.R.R.Tolkien’sposesachallengetomodernliteratureanditsdefenders.(Tolkienonhis___86___:“Somewhohavereadthebook,oratanyratehavereviewedit,havefounditboring,ridiculous,orannoying;andIhavenocausetocomplain,sinceIhavesimilaropinionsoftheirworks,orofthekindsofwritingthattheyevidently____87____.”)YetTheLordoftheRingshasenjoyedmassiveandenduringpopularity.ItwouldseemthatTolkien’sworksuppliedsomethingthatwas____88____amongtheformalinnovationsof20thcenturyfiction,somethingforwhichreaderswerehungry.Butwhatwasit,andwhywasitimportant?ItseemsthatthekeypointliesinTolkien’swholeheartedrejectionofmodernityandmodernism.Thisiswhatsopowerfully____89____somereaders,andjustaspowerfullydrivesawayothers.InhisbookJ.R.R.Tolkien:AuthoroftheCentury,T.A．ShippeyexpandsonthisideabyarguingthatTolkiensawhisstoryofMiddle-earthnotasfictionorinvention,butasthe____90____ofsomethinggenuinethathadbecomeburiedbeneaththefairytaleandnurseryrhythm.“HoweverfancifulTolkien’screationofMiddleearthwas,”Shippeywrites,“hedidnotthinkthathewasentirely____91____.Hewas‘reconstructing’,hewasharmonizingconflictsinhissource-texts,sometimeshewassupplyingentirelynewconcepts,buthewasalsoreachingbacktoanimaginativeworldwhichhebelievedhadoncereally____92____,atleastinacollectiveimagination.”ThebookisalsodeeplygroundedinTolkien’slinguisticexpertise（语言专长）—he____93____wholelanguagesforhischaracters.Sometimeshebecamesoabsorbedinthecreationoflanguages,infact,thathe____94____thestoryitselfformonthsoryearsatatime,believinghecouldnotcontinueuntilsomeinconsistency（不一致）inhisinventedworldhadbeenresolved.ButTolkien’sgreatintellectandknowledgeisnotthesourceofhis______95______;withouthisstorytellinggift,TheLordoftheRingswouldbelittlemorethanacuriosity.Andthisgiftseemstooriginatestraightfromhis______96______tobreakfromclassicalandtraditionalforms.Tolkienhimselfoftenspokeofhisworkassomething‘found’or‘discovered’,somethingwhoseexistencewas______97______ofhim.It’swisetobecarefulwiththissortofinterpretation,butitseems______98______thathebelievedhisworktobesomethinggiven,somethingrevealed,whichcontainedakindoftruthbeyondmeasure.______99______,hisdetailshavetheweightofreality,andbecauseofthishisgreatsweepofstoryfeelsrealaswell;youmightsaythathis______100______castlesarebuiltwithacertainamountofgenuinestone.86．A．books B．critics C．readers D．ambitions87．A．dislike B．challenge C．review D．prefer88．A．common B．possible C．missing D．funny89．A．annoys B．influences C．attracts D．concerns90．A．recovery B．designing C．analysis D．questioning91．A．takingitdown B．makingitup C．turningitdown D．lookingitup92．A．remained B．struck C．moved D．existed93．A．spoke B．invented C．neglected D．recalled94．A．putaside B．setup C．lookinto D．getalong95．A．style B．tension C．success D．tradition96．A．decision B．request C．struggle D．refusal97．A．representative B．independent C．conscious D．thoughtful98．A．clear B．weird C．unfair D．pitiful99．A．Asaresult B．Onthecontrary C．Evenso D．What’sworse100．A．ancient B．broken C．imaginary D．foreign（2021·四川广安·模拟预测）Whatwillyoubecomeinthefuturedependsalotonwhatyouaredoingtoyourselfnow.Youdon'tneedafortune____101____totellyouwhatyourfuturelifewillbe.Youcanbebrilliant,unforgettableorinteresting____102____youbelievethatyouarethe____103____ofyourself.Onceyouknowwhatyouwanttoachieve,eachlittlestepyou____104____everydaywillbringyouclosertoyourgoal.Thebooksyouhaveread,thetelevisionprogrammesthatyouhave____105____towatchandthetypeofpeopleyouhavemetarewhat____106____youwhenyouchoosetocreatethetypeofpersonyouwill____107____inthefuture.Don't____108____thatlifeiseasier.Don'tletothersgetyou____109____andstopyoufromachievingwhatyou_____110_____toachieve.Beinchargeofyourself_____111_____asyoumovetowardsyourlifegoal,youwillgetagreat_____112_____.Don't_____113_____andletluckdetermineyourfuture._____114_____aboutlifeandyoursurroundingswillnotearnyou_____115_____.Tellyourselfthatyouarein_____116_____andtheworldwillnotbeabletoholdbackapersonona_____117_____path.Thebestgolfplayersalwaysareinthegolffieldandthebestswimmersarealwaysfoundinthe_____118_____.Theyunderstandthattheyarethecreatorsoftheirownselfinthefuture.Learntobe_____119_____.Goanddiscoveryouruniquequalitiesandlearntomoveawayfromyour_____120_____zone.Takevigorous(果断的)action.Remember,youarethecreatorofyourself.101．A．writer B．reporter C．teller D．professional102．A．aslongas B．evenif C．incase D．asthough103．A．producer B．creator C．supporter D．adviser104．A．take B．move C．develop D．adjust105．A．advised B．elected C．chosen D．made106．A．promote B．represent C．protect D．guide107．A．follow B．become C．admire D．copy108．A．hope B．suspect C．imagine D．risk109．A．up B．down C．off D．away110．A．setaside B．makeout C．setout D．makeof111．A．then B．and C．or D．but112．A．harvest B．goal C．success D．happiness113．A．look B．stop C．wait D．sit114．A．Quarrelling B．Concerning C．Arguing D．Complaining115．A．something B．anything C．nothing D．everything116．A．person B．danger C．relief D．charge117．A．rough B．muddy C．successful D．beautiful118．A．playground B．pool C．court D．camp119．A．brave B．intelligent C．grateful D．calm120．A．effort B．dislike C．attitude D．comfort（2021·河北邯郸·三模）Itisalmostimpossibletobeleftaloneinadigitalworld,wherepeoplearemeanttobeconnected.Inthisrespect,digitaltechnologieshave___121___ourlife.Thepossibilitytobeconnectedallthetimehasbroughtourpersonalspacetoa(n)___122___aswe'veknownit.Peoplehavebecomeso___123___intheworldofnetworksthatonecanoftenbecontactedevenifthey'drathernotbe.Todaywecantalk,textande-mail,notonlyfromour___124___,butfromourmobilephonesaswell.Mostpeoplehavebecome___125___ondigitaltechnologysimplybecauseithasbecomeanecessarypartoflife,andatthispointnot___126___itwouldmakethemansocialoutsider.___127___,manyjobsandcareersrequirepeopletobeconnected.Fromthispointofview,beingreachablemightfeellikea___128___tothosewhomaynotwanttobeabletobecontactedatalltimes.Butsolitude(独处)stillcanbepossibleforthosewho___129___wantit.Computerscanbe____130____andmobilephonescanbeturnedoff.Ofcourse,thechoicetobe“off”and“on”hasmany____131____aswellasdisadvantages.Whentravelersendup____132____inmountains,andmobilephonescanmeanlifeordeath,althoughtheycanalsomakepeoplefeel____133____andforcedtoanswerunwantedcalls.Actually,attitudestowardsdigitaltechnologiesasasociety____134____widely.Somefindthemagift.Othersconsiderthemacurse.Whetheryoulikeitornot,it'shardtoimaginewhatlifewouldbelikewithoutthe____135____indigitaltechnologies.121．A．reshaped B．respected C．ignored D．preserved122．A．alarm B．stage C．end D．balance123．A．sensitive B．intelligent C．considerate D．reachable124．A．neighbors B．computers C．friends D．monitors125．A．impressed B．hard C．dependent D．focused126．A．finding B．using C．protecting D．changing127．A．Also. B．Instead. C．Otherwise. D．Therefore.128．A．pleasure B．benefit C．burden D．shame129．A．slightly B．barely C．merely D．really130．A．soldout B．brokenup C．shutdown D．joinedin131．A．aspects B．advantages C．weaknesses D．exceptions132．A．hidden B．lost C．relaxed D．deserted133．A．trapped B．excited C．confused D．amused134．A．vary B．arise C．spread D．exist135．A．hopes B．tests C．interests D．achievements参考答案：1．D2．B3．C4．B5．C6．A7．D8．A9．A10．C11．D12．A13．D14．B15．C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了家长和孩子如何相处的问题。一味的责备会使得亲情疏远。父母也应该倾听孩子的心里话。沟通是一个双向的过程。做一个聪明的善解人意的家长更受孩子的欢迎。1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：父母觉得很难与青少年生活。同样，青少年对父母也有类似的感觉，他们说和父母住在一起并不容易。A.natural自然的；B.strong强壮的；C.guilty犯罪的；D.similar相似的。根据空前、空后的提示可知，父母和孩子有着相似的感觉。故选D。2．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据最近的一项研究，父母与青少年之间的最常见的争吵是关于邋遢和每日的例行任务。A.interest兴趣；B.argument争论，争吵；C.link联系；D.knowledge知识。根据下文可知，因为父母不满意孩子不能保持自己房间的干净、整齐、卫生而发生争吵。故选B。3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一方面，父母会因为凌乱的房间，扔在地板上的衣服和他们的孩子拒绝帮助做家务而发疯。A.noisy喧闹的；B.crowded拥挤的；C.messy杂乱的；D.locked上锁的。根据下文“clothesthrownonthefloor”可知，此处指凌乱的房间。故选C。4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一方面，父母会因为凌乱的房间，扔在地板上的衣服和他们的孩子拒绝帮助做家务而发疯。A.homework作业；B.housework家务；C.problem难题；D.research研究，调查。根据语境可知，此处指孩子们拒绝做家务。故选B。5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一方面，当父母责备他们把毛巾丢在浴室里，没有打扫房间，或者拒绝在超市购物时，青少年会不断地失去耐心。A.washing洗；B.using使用；C.dropping落下；D.replacing更换，替代。根据下文“inthebathroom”可知，此处指毛巾扔进浴室，dropthetowel“把毛巾掉在地上”。故选C。6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：圣乔治大学的研究表明不同的父母对这些问题有不同的方法。A.approaches方法，途径；B.contributions贡献；C.introductions介绍，入门；D.attitudes态度，看法。根据下文“However,someapproachesaremore7thanothers.”可知，此处指不同的方法。故选A。7．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，一些方法比其他人的更成功。A.complex复杂的；B.popular受欢迎的；C.scientific科学的；D.successful成功的。根据下文可知，接下来列举了一些成功的父母的做法。故选D。8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：例如，那些对孩子的不整洁大吼大叫，但后来却为他们打扫房间的父母，很少有机会改变孩子的行为。A.later后来；B.deliberately故意地；C.seldom很少；D.thoroughly彻底。这样的父母我们生活中不少见。故选A。9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：例如，那些对孩子的不整洁大吼大叫，但后来却为他们打扫房间的父母，很少有机会改变孩子的行为。A.behavior行为；B.taste味道；C.future未来；D.nature自然。孩子不改变行为是因为父母责备了他们，然后又帮他们收拾使孩子认为被批评了就可以不做了，自然行为得不到改变。故选A。10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据后面可知，与此相反，那些让青少年体验他们的行为的结果的父母可以做得更好。A.failures失败；B.changes变化；C.consequences结果；D.thrills兴奋，震颤。根据下文“Forexample,whenteenagerswhodon’thelptheirparentswiththeshoppingdon’tfindtheirfavoritedrinkintherefrigerator,theyareforcedto___11___theiractions.”可知，此处指让青少年体验他们的行为的结果。故选C。11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，当青少年不购物帮助他们的父母购物时，他们在冰箱里就找不到他们最喜爱的饮料，这样他们就被迫重新考虑他们的行动。A.defend防御；B.delay耽搁；C.repeat重复；D.reconsider重新考虑。根据语境和词的意义可知，此处指青少年被迫重新考虑他们的行动。故选D。12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家说交流是家长和孩子关系中最重要的事。A.communication交流；B.bond结合；C.friendship友谊；D.trust信任。有沟通才会消除隔阂和误解。故选A。13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：父母应和子女交谈，但同时也应该听一听他们要说什么。A.reply回答；B.attend参加；C.attach附加，系；D.talk谈论。根据下文“atthesametimetheyshouldlendaneartowhattheyhavetosay”可知，此处是talkto“和……交流”。故选D。14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：父母责备他们的孩子当他们的房间凌乱时，但他们也应该明白他们的房间是他们自己的私人空间。A.hate讨厌；B.scold责备；C.frighten吓唬；D.stop停止。代入四个词分析，只有B符合语境。故选B。15．考查动词词义辨析。句意：沟通是一个双向的过程。它只有通过倾听和理解对方，父母与子女之间的问题才可以得到解决。A.loving爱；B.observing观察；C.understanding理解；D.praising表扬。代入四个词分析，C更符合语境。故选C。16．B17．A18．C19．C20．A21．A22．C23．B24．D25．D26．B27．D28．D29．C30．A31．B32．D33．A34．B35．C【解析】【导语】这是一篇议论文。询问孩子长大之后想成为什么对孩子有害。文章论述了三方面的害处。作者建议，邀请孩子想想他们可能想做的其他事情。16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我是个孩子时，我害怕这个问题。A.considered考虑；B.feared害怕；C.explained解释；D.recalled回想起。根据下文中的“AdultsalwaysseemedterriblydisappointedthatIwasn’t2becomingsomethinggrandor3,likeanastronaut”可知，成年人对作者的回答总是感到失望。所以作者很害怕被问到这个问题。他的回答让成年人不满意。故选B。17．考查动词短语辨析。句意：大人们似乎总是非常失望，因为我没有梦想成为伟大的或英雄般的人物，比如宇航员。A.dreamingof梦想；B.objectingto反对；C.focusingon集中于……；D.stickingto坚持。根据上文中的“Whatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?”可知，该处提到的是作者长大之后的梦想。故选A。18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：大人们似乎总是非常失望，因为我没有梦想成为伟大的或英雄般的人物，比如宇航员。A.average平均的；B.humble谦卑的，谦虚的；C.heroic英雄的，英勇的；D.romantic浪漫的。根据下文中的“likeanastronaut”可知，宇航员属于伟大的或英雄般的人物。故选C。19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，作为一名组织心理学家，我的工作是解决别人的工作，我开始相信，问年轻人这个问题会伤害他们。A.prefer更喜欢；B.remember记住；C.believe相信，认为；D.anticipate预期，预料。根据后面的“thataskingyoungstersthatquestiondoesthem5”可知，这是作者作为心理学家的观点或看法。他认为问年轻人这个问题会伤害他们。故选C。20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，作为一名组织心理学家，我的工作是解决别人的工作，我开始相信，问年轻人这个问题会伤害他们。A.harm伤害；B.good益处；C.wrong坏事，冤枉；D.honor荣誉。根据下文中的“Myfirstcomplaintaboutthequestion”可知，作者对这个问题心存抱怨。由此推知，这个问题对孩子们来说并不好，对他们会造成伤害。故选A。21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我对这个问题的第一个抱怨是，它迫使孩子们从工作的角度来定义自己。A.forces强迫，迫使；B.troubles使烦恼；C.commands命令；D.forbids禁止。结和上一题的解析和空前的“Myfirstcomplaintaboutthequestion”可知，这个问题对孩子们有害。当问孩子们长大之后的梦想的时候，孩子们就被迫从工作角度来定义自己。故选A。22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果我们用工作来定义自己，那么我们的价值就取决于我们的成就。A.status地位；B.experience经历，经验；C.worth价值；D.fame名声。根据上文“Ifwedefineourselvesbyourjobs”可以推知，如果我们用工作来定义自己，那么，我们在工作中取得的成就决定了我们个人价值。工作好，成就高，个人价值就高。反之，工作不好，成就低，个人价值就低。故选C。23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以当你被问到你想成为什么人时，说“一个父亲”或“一个母亲”是不被社会接受的，更不用说“一个正直的人”了。A.taught教；B.asked问，要求；C.guided引导，带领；D.consulted咨询，请教。根据前文中的“askingyoungstersthatquestiondoesthem5”可知，孩子们被问到想成为一个什么人。故选B。24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以当你被问到你想成为什么人时，说“一个父亲”或“一个母亲”是不被社会接受的，更不用说“一个正直的人”了。A.rejected被拒绝的；B.accurate精确的；C.confirmed坚定的，被证实的；D.acceptable可接受的。根据上文“it6kidstodefinethemselvesintermsofwork.Ifwedefineourselvesbyourjobs,our7dependsonwhatweachieve”可知，当用工作来定义一个人的时候，个人价值取决于个人成就。所以，诸如“成为一个父亲”、“成为一个母亲”、或“成为一个正直的人”这样和工作毫无关系的回答显然是不符合期望，不被接受的。故选D。25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：第二个问题是，这暗示着每个人都有一个使命。A.thought想法，思想；B.division除法，分配；C.assumption假设，认为；D.problem问题。结合上文中的“Myfirstcomplaintaboutthequestion”和下文中的“Ifyoumanageto13theabovebarriers,thereisathirdhurdle”可知，第二、三、四段探讨的都是问孩子长大后要成为什么人产生的害处。因此，该空应该选择一个贬义词，表示询问孩子这个问题产生的问题或害处。故选D。26．考查动词短语辨析。句意：研究表明，寻找一个使命让学生感到迷失和困惑。A.pickingup捡起；B.searchingfor寻找，搜寻；C.prayingfor祈求，恳求；D.takingover接管。根据下文中的“noteveryonehasthattalentforgrandjobs(不是每个人都有做伟大工作的天赋)”可知，对伟大使命的寻求会让学生感到迷惑。故选B。27．考查动形容词词义辨析。句意：研究表明，寻找一个使命让学生感到迷失和困惑。A.bored厌烦的；B.impatient不耐烦的；C.intolerant无法忍受的；D.confused困惑的。该空和lost并列，意思应该和lost接近。结合上题解析，可知，对伟大使命的寻求让学生迷失和困惑。故选D。28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你成功克服了上述障碍，还有第三个障碍：职业生涯很少能达到你童年时的理想。A.strengthen增强；B.control控制；C.build建造；D.overcome克服。根据空前的“manageto（成功做到某事）”和后面的“thereisathirdhurdle”可知，该处应该指即使你可以克服前面提到的两个障碍，还有一个障碍你无法克服。故选D。29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你成功克服了上述障碍，还有第三个障碍：职业生涯很少能达到你童年时的理想。A.efforts努力；B.strugg