2022-2023学年山东省济南市高三上学期期末英语试卷（解析版）

2022・2023学年山东省济南市高三（上）期末英语试卷

题号一二三四五总分

得分

注意事项：

1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用

橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。

3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第I卷（选择题）

一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）

A

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

SCHOOLSPONSORSHIP

SponsorTeenInk'sfuturemagazinesforanyspecificschoolorregionthatisimportanttoyouandbring

yourmessagetoalargeaudienceofstudents,parentsandteachers.Wewillprintyournameonthecover

ofeachissueeverymonth.

Call（617）964-6800fordetailsandcost.

Howschoolsponsorshipworks：

YYouselecttheschools一asmanyasyouwant一toreceivefutureTeenInkmagazines.

YYourcompany'snamewillappearonthecoverofeverymonthlyissuefortheschoolsyousponsor.

YYourtotalcostforafullyearisonly$195perschoolfor30copiesamonth—that's300copiesper

schoolyear.

Advantagesforyourorganization：

YYourmessagereachesalargeaudienceofstudents,parentsandteachers,whichtellsthemyoucare

aboutteens,theirvoicesandtheireducation.

YWecontacttheschoolsexplainingyoursponsorshipandyoursupportofteensinthecommunity.

YWeshipthemagazinesdirectlytotheschools.Thereisnoextraworkorexpenseforyou.

YYouwillbeworkingwithanorganizationthathas14-yearexperiencewithteens,schoolsandeducators.

Advantagesforthestudentsyousponsor：

YTeensareconnectedwiththeirpeersnationwideataplacethatisspecificallytheirs.Studentshavethe

opportunitytosubmittheirworkforpublishinginourmagazine,bookseriesandwebsite.

YStudentsgainimportantreading,writingandcommunicationskillsnecessaryforsuccessinschooland

theworkplace.

1.WhatwillmotivateacompanytosponsorTeenInk?

A.Highprofit.B.Zerocost.

C.Publicreputation.D.Specificmagazines.

2.Whatbenefitcanthesponsoredstudentsget?

A.Moreattentionfromthepublic.B.Greateraccesstobigcompanies.

C.Agoodpriceforthemagazines.D.Achancetopublishtheirworks.

3.Whoisthetextintendedfor?

A.Experiencedteachers.B.Potentialsponsors.

C.Brilliantstudents.D.Devotedparents.

B

Mostteenagerskilltimeplayingvideogames,orsurfingTikTok.NotWilliamGadoury,a14-year-old

fromMatha,Quebec.WilliamGadouryhasbeencrazyabouttheMayansformostofhischildhood,ever

sincehisgrandparentsboughthimbooksaboutthecivilization.Whatstartedasahobbyatage12

snowballedintoseriousresearch,andhetheorizedthatthelocationsofMayancitiesmightcorrespondto

starsinMayanconstellations（星座）.

Usingancientbooks,Gadouryanalyzed22Mayanconstellationmapsandcoveredthepositionsonto

GoogleEarthimagesoftheYucatanPeninsula,whichtothisdayishometolargelocalpopulationsand

somebest-preservedarchitecturefromMayanculture.HewouldtracktheconstellationsfromGoogle

Earthusingspecialsheets,coveringthemontothepositionofMayancitiesonapapermap.Theteenwas

abletoshowthat117Mayancitiesmatchedupwiththepositionofthestars,withthebrighteststars

representingbiggercities.

ButwhenGadourywasworkingonthe23rdMayanconstellation,hefoundaconflict：threestars,butonly

twoancientcitiesonGoogleEarth.ThethirdstarpointedtoalocationontheMexico-Belize

border.However,theareawascoveredwiththickjungle,leavingGadourystuck.

Luckily,heaskedNASAforimagesfromtheirRADARSAT-2satellite.Indeed,therewasasquare,

man-made-lookingstructureintheheavyfbrest.Gadourythenlearnedafirehadsweptacrosstheregion,

thinningoutthegrasscover.Hefoundimagesfromtheagency,andeventuallyconcludedthattherewas

indeedacitythere.

Gadoury'sfindingseventuallytookhimintothejunglein2022tosearchonfoot,alongwithscientist

FranciscoBell.TheteamdiscoveredafarmingvillagedeepintheMexicanjungle,whichshowedthe

''backbone'*oftheMaya'slong-termsuccess,whichwasdowntotheirabilitytoworkthelandandsupport

largecities.

4.WhatisGadoury'sfindingmainlyabout?

A.ThevillagesintheMexicanjungle.

B.TheimagesfromNASAsatellites.

C.TheoriginsofMayanculture.

D.ThelocationsofMayancities.

5.HowdidGadourycarryouthisresearchaccordingtoParagraph2?

A.Bytrackingthebest-preservedbuildingonmaps.

B.Byanalyzing117Mayancitiesinancientbooks.

C.Bycheckingstarmapsagainstsatelliteimages.

D.ByupdatingtheGoogleEarthontheInternet.

6.WhatmadeitdifficultforGadourytofindthethirdcityofthe23rdMayanstars?

A.Athickforest.B.Aforestfire.C.Fundshortage.D.Badweather.

7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesGadoury?

A.Cheerful.B.Intelligent.C.Ambitious.D.Sympathetic.

c

Imagineanewsmartphoneproduct.ltworksthesameasanyothersmartphone,butwhendropped，those

cracksthatappearafteranannoyingfallslowlybegintofadeaway,andthephonemagicallyrepairsitself、

AteamofresearchersledbychemistryprofessorTakuzoAidahavefoundawaytocreateself-repairing

plasticsthatcanbeusedinsmartphones,carsandotherproducts.Buttheirnewplasticswon'tonlybeused

tocreateunbreakableproducts,butalsohelpthefightagainstgrowingwastesharmingtheplanet.

91%ofplasticisnon-recyclableandfillingEarthwithwaste.Theincreasingplasticinlandfillsisa

growingconcernduetoitsnegativeenvironmentalimpact.In2019aboutonly9%ofplasticswererecycled

globally,leadingJapanesescientiststoseektofindplasticthatcanstartitsownformationorself-repair.

Theself-repairingplasticsaremadebyaddingatinyamountofaspecializedsubstanceintoordinary

plastictoholdthemonomers（单体）togetherbyhydrogenbonds（氢键）.Whenthenewplasticisbroken

downbyheat,insteadofburningtowaste,thehydrogenbondsmixandallowfortheformationofspecial

shapedmonomerstocreateafoundationformoremonomerstolayeronandrebuilditself.Theteamfound

thattheirself-healingplasticwasabletoautomaticallyrepairatroomtemperatureoveranhourtoregain

itsdurability.

Theteam'sworksuggestsgreatprospectsforthefutureofplastic,"Thetechniquecouldleadtothe

developmentofamade-to-lastplasticthatdoesnotneedtoberecycled,"leadprofessorAidasaidatthe

conference,“andcanonedaybeinproductsfromsmartphonestocarsandevenbuildings."

8.Whatisthespecialfeatureofthenewplastics?

A.Hardtobreak.B.Cheaptoproduce.

C.Goodtohealth.D.Easytorecycle.

9.Whatdrovescientiststosearchforthenewplastics?

A.Globalwarming.B.Industrialneeds.

C.Economiccrisis.D.Greenawareness.

10.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytellusaboutthenewplastic?

A.Itssocialeffect.B.Itsmainfunction.

C.Itsworkingprinciple.D.Itseconomicvalue.

11.WhatisAida'sattitudetowardsthenewplastic?

A.Doubtful.B.Favorable.C.Disapproving.D.Unconcerned.

D

Radiocarbondatinghasrevealedtwofake（伪造的）paintingsinFrance——probablythefirsttimethe

techniquehasbeenusedinapoliceinvestigation.Thepaintingsweresupposedlyworksfromaroundthe

earlytwentiethcentury.ButateamledbyscientistLucileBeckattheUniversityofParis-Saclaydated

themtosometimewithinthepast70years.

Theuseofradiocarbondatingisgainingpopularity,thankstoadvancesthatrequiresmallersamplesthan

everbefbre.Removingtiniersamplesfromartworkisbecomingmoretomuseumsandownersof

paintings.Ifthereisachancethatapaintingisgenuine一andthereforevaluable一theydon'twantthe

collectionoflargersamplestodamageit.

Alllivingthingstakeincarbon,includingradioactivecarbon-14,fromtheatmosphereandfrom

food.Whenaplantcommonlyusedtomakeoilpaintingclothdies,thecarbon-14thatitcontained

continuestofalloff.Radiocarbondatingmeasureswhat'slefttoestimatethetimethafspassed,says

MariaelenaFedi,aphysicistattheNationalInstituteforNuclearPhysicsinFlorence,Italy.

Atomic-bomb（原子弹）testing,whichbeganinthe1940sandtookoffinthe1950s,quicklyincreased

theamountofcarbon-14intheatmosphere.Carbon-14peakedaround1964andwentdownafterapartial

banonnucleartests.Researcherscaneasilyidentifymaterialscontainingmodernbomb-produced

radiocarbonbecausetheircarbon-14concentrationsarehigherthanpre-1950slevels.Beck'steamtestedits

samplestoseewhethertheyborethefeatureofthatbomb-producedradioactivecarbon-14.

Thecanvasfiberfromthepaintingsclearlycontainedcarbonfromeitherthemid-1950soraftertheyear

2000,theresearchersreported.Beckacknowledgedthat,ideally,theteamwoulddofurtherchemical

analysistosupportitsfindings,buttheresearcherswerelimitedbythetighttime.

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"palatable"inParagraph2probablymean?

A.Impressive.B.Acceptable.C.Expensive.D.Difficult.

13.Howdoesradiocarbondatingwork?

A.Byanalyzingsamplesfromartwork.

B.Byremovingthesmallersamples.

C.Bymeasuringthecarbon-14left.

D.Bytestingthecarboninthesample.

14.Whatcanwelearnaboutatomic-bombtestinginParagraph4?

A.Itproducesmorecarbon-14.

B.Ithelpsidentifyfakepaintings.

C.itreducescarbonconcentration.

D.Ithasbeenstoppedcompletely.

15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Paintingswaitingtobeidentified

B.TwofakepaintingsfoundinFrance

C.Newtechnologyinpaintingbecomesahit

D.Radiocarbondatingprovesananti-fakehelper

二、阅读七选五(本大题共5小题，共12.5分)

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Whatisheritage?Thewordcanbedifficulttodefine.Heritageisalwayssomethingthatispasseddownby

familiesorothergroupsformanyyears.(1)Itcanalsobethecustoms,traditions,andvaluessharedby

groupsofpeople.Onewaytothinkaboutheritageistobreakitdownintothreegroups.Thesearethe

tangible(有形的)，thenatural,andtheintangible.

(2)Itcanincludemanyhuman-madeobjectsthatholdculturalvalue.Someexamplesarenational

monumentsandworksofart.Manyancientsitesarealsopartofthisgroup.Onasmallerscale,afamily

homecanbepartofanindividual'sheritage.

Manypartsofthenaturalworldarealsoimportanttoculturalheritage.Thiscanincludebodiesofwater,

plantlife,landformsandmore.OneexampleistheNileRiver.(3)Effortstoprotectnaturalheritageare

keyinmanycultures.

Theintangiblegroupincludesanypartofculturalheritagethatyoucan*tfeelthroughtouch.Maybeyou've

readaboutformsofdance,likeFlamencodancing.YoumightknowaboutthemusicofMariachiBandsor

holidayslikeEid.Theseareallexamplesofintangibleheritage.(4)Exploringyourownheritagecanbe

fun.Itcanhelpyoulearnaboutyourself,yourfamily,andyourancestors.Butit'salsoimportanttolearn

abouttheheritageofothers.(5)Itcanalsoleadyoutofindthingsyoumayhaveincommonwithothers!

A.Theyaretreasuresthatcanbetouched.

B.Whattangibleitemscanbepartofheritage?

C.However,heritageisn'tlimitedtoconcreteobjects.

□.Languages,holidaysandcustomsalsomakethelist.

E.Therefbre,it*sdifficulttoprotectthemfromfadingaway.

F.Doingsocanhelpyoubuildastrongerunderstandingofothercultures.

G.IlhasbeenpartofculturalheritageinmanyAfricannationsforcenturies.

16.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大题共15小题，共15.0分)

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Iwasastay-at-homedad,whichgavemeplentyoftimetocook.EversinceIwasakid,cookinghadbeen

oneofmy.(21).Mydadhadgivenmesomegreatadvice."Ifyou'regonnacook,“hebegan,nyoumight

aswellmakesureit*stasty.'1Sowiththat(22),I'dsetaboutmakingeachdishas(23)asIcould.Ifigured

thatifsomethinglookedand(24)goodthen,chanceswere,itwouldtastegreattoo.

Oneday,IwasontheInternetwhenInoticedmybestfriend,Davehad(25),avideoofhimcooking.He

was(26)withTheFatheringProject,anon-profitorganizationthathelpedmenbethebestdadstheycould.

"We'realwayslookingforcontent,“hesaid.HCanyou(27)yourvideoswithus?*'Iwasmorethanhappy

to(28)otherfatherstogetintothekitchen.SoIstartedto(29)videosofmycooking.Ialsogaveviewers

plentyof(30)."Thekitchencanbeaplaceto(31)withothers,"Itoldthem.Mysonanddaughterhelped

mewithwashingandcutting,butmostimportantly,weallshareda(32)witheachother,

Myvideosgrewso(33)thatdadsaroundthecountryweresettingoutformysuggestions.Itsbeenan

enormous(34)totransformmyenthusiasmintosomethingthat'shelpingothers.Ihopemyvideoswill

keepgivingdadsatasteofthe(35)cookingbringstoourlives.

21.A.choicesB.jobsC.passionsD.dreams

22.A.evidenceB.philosophyC.permitD.warning

23.A.largeB.simpleC.memorableD.expensive

24.A.smeltB.soundedC.remainedD.felt

25.A.reservedB.postedC.downloadedD.sold

26.A.settledB.satisfiedC.comparedD.involved

27.A.shareB.exchangeC.troubleD.confirm

28.A.qualifyB.requireC.encourageD.persuade

29.A.reviewB.filmC.watchD.select

30.A.likesB.ordersC.requestsD.tips

31.A.argueB.competeC.connectD.agree

32.A.laughB.faithC.lessonD.discussion

33.A.familiarB.popularC.wildD.visible

34.A.chanceB.pleasureC.responsibilityD.task

35.A.magicB.energyC.failD.effect

第n卷(非选择题)

四、语法填空(本大题共1小题，共15.0分)

36.阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

AlmosteverythinginspiredtheancestorsofChinesetocreatediversedecorativepatternsonobjects

rangingfromdailylifeneedstopureartworks.Theycarriedgoodandlucky⑴(mean)andwere

possessedofhighvalue,drivingnumerouspeopletoprotectthem.However,thehugenumberof

thesedecorationsincreasesthedifficultyofconservationeffbrts.Fortunately,manyChineseartists

havebeenconsideringvariouswaystopassdownthisculture(2)thenextgeneration.HuangQingsui,

(3)Zhuangethnicartdesigner,numbersamongtheseartists.Hestartedcollectingdecorativepatterns

fromruralareasandrecordedtheminanonlinedatabasein2013thatnow⑷(contain)morethan

20,000traditionaldecorations.

Managingthedatabaseconsistsofthreesteps.Thefirstiscollectingthesetraditionalpatternsthrough

variouschannels,includinginvestigatingandvisitingplaceswherethesedecorationsmayhavebeen

passeddownor(5)(contact)museumsandexperts.Aftertrackingdownadecorativepattern,

Huangandhisteamfakephotosand⑹(digital)reproducethepatternsoncomputer.Duringthe

process,theyoftenneedtorestoredamagedpatterns,especially(7)itcomestodecorativepatterns

onclothingbecausetheytendtobefadedormisshapen.Thelaststepinvolvescollectingthedataand

checkingandcorrectinganymistakes(8)mayhaveoccurredduringtheearliersteps.

Thebeauty⑼(hold)intraditionalpatternshasinspiredChinesedesignerstofind(10)(they)

ownstyleandemotionalbondsinsteadofjustcaringaboutfunctionandformwhendesigningtheir

works.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、书面表达(本大题共2小题，共40.0分)

37.你校外教Frank受邀本周末在学校报告厅做报告。因特殊原因，学校将报告调整为线上

举行。假如你是李华，请你给他写一封邮件，通知相关内容，要点如下：

(1)变更原因；

(2)变更后的时间和方式；

(3)表达歉意。

注意：

(4)词数为80左右；

(5)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

DearFrank,

Yours,

LiHua

38.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Asanoldsayinggoes,wemakealivingbywhatweget,butmakealifebywhatwegive.

Itrulybelievethatajobisdefinitelynotajobifyoulovewhatyouaredoing.Manyyearsago,I

workedinanemploymentandinsuranceoffice,whichhelpspeoplefindjobs,applyforemployment

andinsurance,andreturntoschoolfortraining.Whatcouldbemorerewardingthantohelpsomeone

findajoborchangetheircareer?

Ihavealwayssaidthatpeopleareattheirworstwhentheyareunemployedorsick.Imustadmitthat

somedayswerechallenging.ButIhaveoneamazingstorythatIwouldliketoshare.

Oneday,aladycametotheofficewithadreamtobecomearegisterednurse.Accordingtomyclient,

herfamilydidnotapprove.Shewasamotherwithyoungchildren,andherhusbandhadreturnedto

schoolfbrtraining.ltwasnoteconomicallypracticalforhertoreturntoschool.

Itwasclearthatthisladyhadapassionforthenursingprofession,soIencouragedhertorealizeher

dream.Iequippedherwiththeinformationnecessarytoapplyfornursingschool,andsheleftthe

office.Shewentonherway,andIneverknewwhethershefollowedherdreamornot.

Manyyearslater,Iwasdiagnosed（诊断）withcancerofthestomachandwasadmittedtothe

hospitalforanoperation.!mustadmitIwasscared.Mymotherhaddiedofcanceratageforty.Ihada

husbandandtwobeautifulchildren.Iwasonlyforty-eightyearsold.Thesurgerywassuccessful.lt

was,however,verypainful.DaysflewsmoothlyasIrecoveredfromthepain.

注意:

(1)续写词数应为150词左右;

(2)请按如下格式作答。

Butonenightthepainbegangrowingstronger.

“Youneverknowwhatimpactyourencouragingwordshadonme,"thenursesaid.

答案和解析

1〜3.【答案】C、D、B

［解析］（1）细节理解题。根据Howschoolsponsorshipworks中的Yourcompany'snamewillappear

onthecoverofeverymonthlyissuefortheschoolsyousponsor.（贵公司的名称将出现在您赞助的学

校的每期月刊封面上）可知，会激励公司赞助TeenInk的是公众声誉。故选C。

（2）细节理解题。根据Advantagesforthestudentsyousponsor中的Studentshavetheopportunityto

submittheirworkforpublishinginourmagazine,bookseriesandwebsite.（学生有机会提交他们的

作品，以便在我们的杂志，丛书和网站上发表。）可知，受资助的学生有机会发表他们的作品。

故选D。

（3）推理判断题。根据文章第一段SponsorTeenInk'sfuturemagazinesforanyspecificschoolor

regionthatisimportanttoyouandbringyourmessagetoalargeaudienceofstudents,parentsand

teachers.Wewillprintyournameonthecoverofeachissueeverymonth.Call（617）964-6800fordetails

andcost.（赞助TeenInk的未来杂志，适用于对您重要的任何特定学校或地区，并将您的信息带

给大量学生，家长和老师。我们每个月都会在每期的封面上打印您的名字。致电（617）964-6800

了解详情和费用。）可知，文章目标读者为赞助商。故选B。

本文是一篇应用文。讲述了学校赞助的运作方式，给组织的以及给学生带来的好处。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对

未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事

例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

4〜7.【答案】D、C、A、B

［解析】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中的WilliamGadouryhasbeencrazyabouttheMayansformost

ofhischildhood,eversincehisgrandparentsboughthimbooksaboutthecivilization.Whatstartedasa

hobbyatage12snowballedintoseriousresearch,andhetheorizedthatthelocationsofMayancitiesmight

correspondtostarsinMayanconstellations.（WilliamGadoury在他童年的大部分时间里都对玛雅人

着迷，自从他的祖父母给他买了有关文明的书籍以来。从12岁开始的爱好开始，滚雪球般地发展

成严肃的研究，他推测玛雅城市的位置可能与玛雅星座中的恒星相对应。）可知，Gadoury根据

玛雅星座中恒星推测除了相对应的玛雅城市位置。故选D。

（2）推理判断题。根据第二段Usingancientbooks,Gadouryanalyzed22Mayanconstellationmaps

andcoveredthepositionsontoGoogleEarthimagesoftheYucatanPeninsula,whichtothisdayishome

tolargelocalpopulationsandsomebest-preservedarchitecturefromMayanculture.Hewouldtrackthe

constellationsfromGoogleEarthusingspecialsheets,coveringthemontothepositionofMayancitieson

apapermap.Theteenwasabletoshowthat117Mayancitiesmatchedupwiththepositionofthestars,

withthebrighteststarsrepresentingbiggercities.（Gadoury根据古籍，分析了22张星座图，并将尤

卡坦半岛的位置覆盖在谷歌地球图像上，直到今天，尤卡坦半岛仍是当地大量人口和一些保存最

完好的玛雅文化建筑的家园。他会使用特殊的纸张从谷歌地球追踪星座，将它们覆盖在纸质地图

上的玛雅城市位置上。他证明117个玛雅城市与星星的位置相匹配，最亮的星星代表更大的城市。）

可知，他是通过星座对照谷歌地图来确定城市位置的。故选C.

（3）细节理解题。根据第三段中的ButwhenGadourywasworkingonthe23rdMayanconstellation,

hefoundaconflict：threestars,butonlytwoancientcitiesonGoogleEarth.Thethirdstarpointedtoa

locationontheMexico-Belizeborder.However,theareawascoveredwiththickjungle,leavingGadoury

stuck.（但是当Gadoury研究第23个玛雅星座时，他发现了一个冲突：三颗恒星，但谷歌地球上

只有两座古城。第三颗星指向墨西哥一一伯利兹边境的一个位置。然而，该地区被茂密的丛林覆

盖，让加杜里陷入困境。）可知，因为第三座恒星对应的位置被茂密森林覆盖使他很难找到第三

座城市。故选A。

（4）推理判断题。通读文章整体内容可知，Gadoury12岁时就已经开始研究玛雅，研究古籍，通

过对比玛雅星座恒星和谷歌地图发现了117个玛雅城市。可知Gadoury是非常聪明的。故选B。

本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了WilliamGadoury一个12岁的孩子通过研究玛雅古籍，对照玛雅

星座和谷歌地图发现了117座玛雅城市。

考查记叙文。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。

8〜11.【答案】A、D、C、B

【解析】（1）细节理解题。根据文章第一段AteamofresearchersledbychemistryprofessorTakuzo

Aidahavefoundawaytocreateself-repairingplasticsthatcanbeusedinsmartphones,carsandother

products.Buttheirnewplasticswon'tonlybeusedtocreateunbreakableproducts,butalsohelpthefight

againstgrowingwastesharmingtheplanet.（由化学教授TakuzoAida领导的一组研究人员找到了一

种制造可用于智能手机，汽车和其他产品的自我修复塑料的方法。但他们的新塑料不仅将用于制

造牢不可破的产品，还有助于对抗危害地球的日益增长的废物。）可知，新塑料的特性是可以自

我修复，牢不可破。故选A。

（2）细节理解题。根据文章第二段中Theincreasingplasticinlandfillsisagrowingconcernduetoits

negativeenvironmentalimpact.In2019aboutonly9%ofplasticswererecycledglobally,leadingJapanese

scientiststoseektofindplasticthatcanstartitsownformationorself-repair.（由于其对环境的负面影

响，垃圾填埋场中越来越多的塑料越来越受到关注。2019年，全球只有约9%的塑料被回收，这

促使日本科学家寻求寻找可以开始自己形成或自我修复的塑料、）可知，因为塑料垃圾对环境的

影响使科学家研究新型塑料。这是一种绿色意识。A.Globalwarming全球变暖；B.Industrialneeds

工业需求；C.Economiccrisis经济危机；D.Greenawareness绿色意识。故选D。

（3）段落主旨题。根据第三段Theself-repairingplasticsaremadebyaddingatinyamountofa

specializedsubstanceintoordinaryplastictoholdthemonomers（单体）togetherbyhydrogenbonds

（氢键）.Whenthenewplasticisbrokendownbyheat,insteadofburningtowaste,thehydrogenbonds

mixandallowfortheformationofspecialshapedmonomerstocreateafoundationformoremonomersto

layeronandrebuilditself.Theteamfoundthattheirself-healingplasticwasabletoautomaticallyrepairat

roomtemperatureoveranhourtoregainitsdurability.（自修复塑料是通过在普通塑料中加入少量的

特殊物质，通过氢键将单体固定在一起而制成的。当新塑料被热分解时，氢键不会燃烧成废物，

而是混合并允许形成特殊形状的单体，从而为更多单体分层和重建自身奠定基础。研究小组发现，

他们的自我修复塑料能够在室温下自动修复一个小时，以恢复其耐用性。）可知，第三段主要讲

述了新型塑料的工作原理。A.Itssocialeffect其社会影响；B.Itsmainfunction其主要功能；

C.Itsworkingprinciple其工作原理；D.Itseconomicvalue其经济价值。故选C。

（4）观点态度题。根据最后一段中Thetechniquecouldleadtothedevelopmentofamade-to-lastplastic

thatdoesnotneedtoberecycled,andcanonedaybeinproductsfromsmartphonestocarsandeven

buildings.（该技术可能导致开发一种不需要回收的经久耐用的塑料•，有朝一日可能会出现在从智

能手机到汽车甚至建筑物的产品中。）可知，Aida对新型塑料是非常赞许的。A.Doubtful怀疑的；

B.Favorable赞许的；C.Disapproving不赞成的；D.Unconcerned毫不在意的。故选B。

本文是一篇说明文。主耍介绍了一种可以自我修复的新型塑料，工作原理及其应用前景。

阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对

未说明的趋势或结局做出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事

例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

12〜15.【答案】B、C、A、D

【解析】（1）词句猜测题。根据划线词下文Ifthereisachancethatapaintingisgenuine—andtherefore

valuable—theydon'twantthecollectionoflargersamplestodamageit.（如果一幅画有可能是真实的，

因此很有价值，他们不希望收集更大的样本会损坏它。）可知，推知划线词所在句子意为”从艺术

品中去除较小的样本正变得越来越适合博物馆和绘画所有者”。由此可知，划线词payable与

acceptable”认同的，认可的”意思接近。A.Impressive令人印象深刻的；B.Acceptable可接受的；

C.Expensive昂贵的；D.Difficult困难的。故选B。

（2）细节理解题。根据第三段中Alllivingthingstakeincarbon,includingradioactivecarbon-14,

fromtheatmosphereandfromfood.Whenaplantcommonlyusedtomakeoilpaintingclothdies,the

carbon-14thatitcontainedcontinuestofalloff.Radiocarbondatingmeasureswhat'slefttoestimatethe

timeth就spassed.（所有生物都从大气和食物中吸收碳，包括放射性碳-14。当通常用于制作油画布

的植物死亡时，其中所含的碳-14会继续脱落。放射性碳测年法测量剩余的时间来估计经过的时间。）

可知，放射性碳测年是通过测量剩余的碳-14来估算经过的时间的。故选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据第四段中Atomic-bomb（原子弹）testing,whichbeganinthe1940sandtook

offinthe1950s,quicklyincreasedtheamountofcarbon-14intheatmosphere.（原子弹测试始于1940

年代，并于195