新疆和田地区于田县2022-2023学年高三上学期期中英语试题

2022~2023学年度第一学期和田地区于田县期中教学情况调研高三英语注意事项：1.本试卷包含选择题和非选择题两部分．考生答题全部答在答题卡上，答在本试卷上无效．本次考试时间为90分钟，满分值为120分．2.答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号(考试号)用书写黑色字迹的毫米签字笔填写在答题卡上，并用2B铅笔将对应的数字标号涂黑．3.答选择题必须用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑．如需改动，请用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案．答非选择题必须用书写黑色字迹的毫米签字笔写在答题卡上的指定位置，在其它位置答题一律无效．第一部分阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2分，满分30分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。ADon’tlikegettingoutoftheshoweroncoldmornings?Areyoufeelingthatcoldwindwhenworkingortryingtorelax?Thebiggestissuethatpeoplehaveisthefactthatmostoldfashionedheatersarebig,costalottorunandwasteenergy.Luckily,apanyhasrecentlyjustdevelopedaproductwhichsavesatonofpowerduringitsoperationandis,aboveall,smartandeasytouse!It’scalledHotixProandit’saverysmall,powerfulheaterthatconsumesmuchlessenergythanregularheaters.HowDoesHotixProWork?Theceramicelement(陶瓷零件)stayswarm30%longer,soitdoesn’thavetousemuchpowertoreheatoverandoveragain.ThefaninsideHotixProthensuckstheairoutthroughthehotceramicelementanddistributesitevenlythroughouttheroom!Itcanheataroomupto250squarefeetandmakeitwarmerinafewminutes,forjustpennies.WhatMakesItSoSpecial?Oneoftheamazingfeaturesithasistheprogrammabletimer.Youcanprogramitandwarmupyourbathroombeforeyouwakeup.Also,itsremotecontrollermakesitveryeasytoadjustthetemperature.Thepanyalsokeptsafetyinmindinthecreationprocess——theyaddedasensorwhichmakesHotixProstoppletelyifitbeestoohot.IsItWorthIt?Don’tletyourqualityoflifecontinuetosuffer.Saveonexpensiveenergycostsandkeepwarmduringthewinteranywhere!PurchaseHotixProathalfpricewithfreeworldwideshipping!1.WhatisthemainadvantageofHotixPro?A.Itisdelicate. B.Itisefficient. C.Itisbig. D.Itisfreeofcharge.2.HowdoesHotixPromakearoomwarm?ABykeepingahightemperatureitself.B.Bystoringtheheatinsideitsbigbody.C.Byheatingtheceramicelementagainandagain.D.Bytakingincoldairandgivingoffwarmair.3.Whatisaprogrammabletimerusedfor?A.Checkingthetemperatureautomatically.B.Adjustingthetemperaturefromadistance.C.TurningonoroffHotixProatthesettime.D.TurningoffHotixProwhentheroomistoohot.【答案】1.B2.D3.C【解析】【导语】这是一篇产品类广告。主要介绍了一款名为HotixPro的加热器，它是一种非常小，强大的加热器，比普通加热器消耗的能源少得多。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中“Luckily,apanyhasrecentlyjustdevelopedaproductwhichsavesatonofpowerduringitsoperationandis,aboveall,smartandeasytouse!It’scalledHotixProandit’saverysmall,powerfulheaterthatconsumesmuchlessenergythanregularheaters.”（幸运的是，一家公司最近刚刚开发了一种产品，它在运行过程中节省了大量的电力，最重要的是，智能和易于使用！它被称为HotixPro，是一种非常小，强大的加热器，比普通加热器消耗的能源少得多。）可知，HotixPro的主要优势是它是高效的。故选B项。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据HowDoesHotixProWork?中“ThefaninsideHotixProthensuckstheairoutthroughthehotceramicelementanddistributesitevenlythroughouttheroom!Itcanheataroomupto250squarefeetandmakeitwarmerinafewminutes,forjustpennies.”（然后，HotixPro内部的风扇通过热陶瓷元件将空气吸出，并均匀地分布在整个房间！它可以使一个达到250平方英尺的房间几分钟内就会变暖，而成本仅为几分钱）可知，HotixPro通过吸进冷空气，放出热空气让房间变暖。故选D项。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据WhatMakesItSoSpecial?中“Oneoftheamazingfeaturesithasistheprogrammabletimer.Youcanprogramitandwarmupyourbathroombeforeyouwakeup.Also,itsremotecontrollermakesitveryeasytoadjustthetemperature.Thepanyalsokeptsafetyinmindinthecreationprocess——theyaddedasensorwhichmakesHotixProstoppletelyifitbeestoohot.”（它的一个神奇功能是可编程计时器。你可以给它编程，在你醒来之前让你的浴室暖和起来。此外，它的遥控器使它很容易调整温度。HotixPro在制作过程中还考虑到了安全问题，他们添加了一个传感器，如果温度过高，可以让HotixPro完全停止工作）可知，可编程定时器能够在设定的时间打开或者关闭HotixPro。故选C项。BTheAndlerHillclimbisanannualdirtbikepetitionthathasdirtbikersfromaroundEuropetry,toreachthetopofadangeroushillsidecourseinBelgium.It’sbeenheldeveryyearforthelasttwodecades,butsofar,noonehasbeenabletoreachthetop.Thesocalled“impossibleclimb”startsoutasroughgravelandthenswitchesovertoaroughunevencliff(悬崖)facedesignedtothrowridersoffandrollthemandtheirbikesbackdowntothebaseofthehill.It’snottheangleofthecoursethatistheproblem,accordingtomostriders,butthesuddenchangeofridesurfacethatmakeskeepingcontrolofthebikeandreachingthetopsohard.Someflyofftheirbikeearlyduringtheclimb.Whileothersgetpainfullyclosetothefinishline,yetintheendtheyallsuccumbtothepowerofgravity(重力)beforereachingtheirgoal.DespitegatheringthemosttalenteddirtbikersinEuropeatthestartlineeveryyear,theAndlerHillclimbhassofarremainedunconquered.TheclosestonetosuccesswasaSuzukibikeriderwhooncereportedlycrossedthefinishlinewiththefrontwheelbeforerollingbackdowntheslopeliketherestofthepetitors.Sadly,hisachievementdidn’tcountasavalidclimb,astheentirebikeanditsridermustmakeittothetopofthehill.WithsomanyridershavingfailedtoconquertheAndlerHillclimboverthelast20years,whyarepeoplestilltryingeveryyear?Whynotjustcalltheclimbimpossibleandstopit?Well,maybeithassomethingtodowiththebraggingrights(胜者为王)?Canyouimaginewhatitwouldbeliketobetheveryfirstdirtbikertoreachthetopofthisfamoushill?Incaseyouwanttotryyourluck,orifyousimplywanttoseethehillmakefoolsofdozensofdaredevils(蛮干者),thisyear’seventisscheduledforAugust.4.WhatmakesitdifficultforbikerstoreachthetopoftheAndlerHillclimb?A.Thebikers’poorridingskills. B.Thesteepangleoftheslope.C.Theroughgravelroadsurface. D.Thesuddenchangesinridesurface.5.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“succumbto’’inthesecondparagraphprobablymean?A.Giveinto. B.Breakthrough.C.Learnabout. D.Fightagainst.6.Whydoestheauthormentiontheexampleinthethirdparagraph?A.Tocriticizethestrictrulesofthepetition.B.ToexpressregretovertheSuzukibikerider’sfailure.C.Toshowhowdifficultitistowinthepetition.D.Toexplainwhythepetitionispopularwithbikers.7.WhatdoweknowabouttheAndlerHillclimbfromthepassage?A.ItisthemostdangerousEuropeanpetition.B.ItisexpectedtobeheldinAugustthisyear.C.Itisattendedbytheworld’sbestdirtbikerseveryyear.D.Itaimstothrowridersandtheirbikesbackdownthehill.【答案】4.D5.A6.C7.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了每年一度的山地越野车比赛——TheAndlerHillclimb。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“It’snottheangleofthecoursethatistheproblem,accordingtomostriders,butthesuddenchangeofridesurfacethatmakeskeepingcontrolofthebikeandreachingthetopsohard.(大多数骑手认为，问题不在于赛道的角度，而在于骑行路面的突然变化使得保持对自行车的控制和到达顶部变得非常困难)”可知，路面的突然变化使得骑自行车的人很难到达AndlerHillclimb的顶部。故选D。【5题详解】词句猜测题。根据上句“Whileothersgetpainfullyclosetothefinishline(而其他人则痛苦地接近终点线)”以及后句“thepowerofgravity(重力)(重力的力量)”yet表示转折，可知，在最后他们没有到达终点，即在达到他们的目标之前，他们都屈服于重力的力量无法登顶。设空处和A项：Giveinto(屈服于)含义相近。故选A。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第三段“DespitegatheringthemosttalenteddirtbikersinEuropeatthestartlineeveryyear,theAndlerHillclimbhassofarremainedunconquered.(尽管每年都有欧洲最具天赋的越野车手聚集在起跑线上，但到目前为止，AndlerHillclimb仍然没有被征服)”可知，作者举了一个例子来说明赢得比赛是多么的困难。故选C。【7题详解】细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Incaseyouwanttotryyourluck,orifyousimplywanttoseethehillmakefoolsofdozensofdaredevils(蛮干者),thisyear’seventisscheduledforAugust.(如果你想碰碰运气，或者你只是想看看这座山如何愚弄几十个冒失鬼，今年的活动定于8月举行)”可知，AndlerHillclimb预计将于今年8月举行。故选B。CAlthoughweliveinanerawhereeverythingseemstobeavailableimmediately,ourstudysuggeststhattoday’skidscandelaygratification(满足感)longerthanchildreninthe1960sand1980s,“saidUniversityofMinnesotapsychologistStephanieM.Carlson.”Thisfindingstandsingreatcontrastwiththeassumptionbyadultsthattoday’schildrenhavelessselfcontrolthanpreviousgenerations.Theoriginalmarshmallow(棉花糖)testconductedbyresearchersatStanfordUniversityinvolvedaseriesofexperimentsinwhichchildrenagedbetween3and5yearswereofferedonetreatthattheycouldeatimmediatelyoralargertreatiftheywaited.Researchersthenlefttheroomtoseehowlongthechildrenwouldwaitandwatchedfrombehindaonewaymirror.Interestingly,today'sadultsthoughtthatchildrennowadayswouldbemoreimpulsiveandlessabletowait,Carlsonfound."Ourfindingsserveasanexampleofhowourbeliefscanbewrongandhowit'simportanttodoresearch,”saidcoauthorYuichiShoda,PhDattheUniversityofWashington.Theresearchersofferedseveralpossibleexplanationsforwhychildreninthe2000swaitedlongerthanthoseinpriordecades.TheynotedastatisticallysignificantincreaseinIQscoresinthelastseveraldecades.Anotherexplanationmaybesociety'sincreasedfocusontheimportanceofearlyeducation,accordingtoCarlson.Theprimaryobjectiveofpreschoolchangedfromlargelycustodialcare(监护)toschoolreadinessinthe1980s.Parentingalsohaschangedinwaysthathelppromotethedevelopmentofexecutivefunction,suchasbeingmoresupportiveofchildren'sselfcontrol,theresearchersnoted.WalterMischelofColumbiaUniversity,whocoauthoredthispaper,notedthat“whiletheresultsindicatethatthechildren’sabilitytodelayisnotweakenedonthemarshmallowtest,thefindingsdonotspeaktotheirwillingnesstodelaygratificationwhenfacedwiththemanytemptationsnowavailableineverydaylife.”8.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheadults'assumptionabouttoday'schildren?A.Theyarenoteasytoplease.B.Theyarelessabletocontrolthemselves.C.Theydon'tlikethingsthatareeasytoget.D.Theyhavedifferentpersonalitiesfrompreviousgenerations.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"impulsive"inParagraph3mean?A.productive B.considerateC.clearminded D.hotheaded10.Whatdidtheresearchersfindaboutchildreninthe2000s?A.Theyaremorepreparedtogotoschool.B.Theyarenotascleveraspreviousgenerations.C.Theyaretaughtselfcontrolonlybytheirteachers.D.Theydon’tneedanycustodialcareintheirearlychildhood.11.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellreadersinthelastparagraph?A.Mostchildrennowadayscan'tresistthetemptationsofeverydaylife.B.Childrenchosetodelaygratificationwillinglyinthemarshmallowtest.C.Thetestcan’taccuratelymeasurechildren'swillingnesstodelaygratification.D.Children’sabilitytodelaygratificationisweakenedbecausetherearemanytemptations.【答案】8.B9.D10.A11.C【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。研究表明，现在孩子比以前的孩子更具有延迟满足的能力。文章描述了试验内容、结果以及出现这样的结果的原因。【8题详解】细节理解题。由第一段中的Thisfindingstandsingreatcontrastwiththeassumptionbyadultsthattoday’schildrenhavelessselfcontrolthanpreviousgenerations.（这些发现与成人对现在孩子的假设形成鲜明对比：成人认为现在的孩子自我控制力比之前的孩子差）可知，现在成人认为孩子的控制力差。故选B。【9题详解】词句猜测题。“and”前后连接两个并列的成份，根据and后的“lessabletowait（不愿意去等）”可知成人认为现在的孩子更加容易冲动。A.productive富有成效的；B.considerate考虑周到的；C.clearminded头脑清楚的；D.hotheaded头脑发热的。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“theprimaryobjectofpreschoolchangedfromlargelycustodialtoschoolreadiness（学前教育的目标从以监护为主改变成了入学准备）”可知，2000年左右的孩子更是做好了入学的准备。故选A。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段Walter所说的“whiletheresultsindicatethatthechildren’sabilitytodelayisnotweakenedonthemarshmallowtest,thefindingsdonotspeaktotheirwillingnesstodelaygratificationwhenfacedwiththemanytemptationsnowavailableineverydaylife.（尽管在棉花糖测试中，结果显示孩子延迟满足的能力没有被减弱，但是不能表明在日常生活中面对很多诱惑时，他们能延迟满足）”可知，在棉花糖测试中孩子们的延迟满足感的能力没有减弱并不能说明当面临诱惑的时候孩子们愿意选择延迟满足。故选C。【点睛】词句猜测题在高考中有三种考查形式：生词猜测词义或熟词生义、猜测一句话的意思、指代关系猜词（代词或者名词）。从近三年考查形势看，三种考查方式同等重要。本文中考查的是生词猜测词义。这种题型的解法主要是在生词前后找到其释义句。例如本文中利用and前后连接并列成份可知，划线单词与“lessabletowait（不愿意去等）”意思接近。由此可猜出本题答案。有的题目根据释义句猜测出划线单词意思后，还需要将选项代入划线单词处看主谓宾搭配是否合理。DImagineyou’reatapartyfullofstrangers.You’renervous.Whoarethesepeople?Howdoyoustartaconversation?Fortunately,you’vegotathingthatsendsoutenergyattinychipsineveryone’snametag.Thechipssendbackname,job,hobbies,andthetimeavailableformeetingwhatever.Makingnewfriendsbeessimple.Thishasn’tquitehappenedinreallife.ButtheworldisalreadyexperiencingarevolutionusingRFIDtechnology.AnRFIDtagwithatinychipcanbefixedinaproduct,underyourpet’sskin,evenunderyourownskin.PassiveRFIDtagshavenoenergysourcebatteriesbecausetheydonotneedit.Theenergyesfromthereader,ascanningdevice,thatsendsoutenergy(forexample,radiowaves)thatstartsupthetagimmediately.Suchatagcarriesinformationspecifictothatobject,andthedatacanbeupdated.Already,RFIDtechnologyisusedforrecognizingeachcarortruckontheroadanditmightappearinyourpassport.Doctorscanputatinychipundertheskinthatwillhelplocateandobtainapatient’smedicalrecords.AtanightclubinParisorinNewYorkthesamechipgetsyouintotheVIPsectionandpaysforthebillwiththewaveofanarm.Takeastepback:10or12yearsago,youwouldhaveheardabouttheingageofputing.Oneexamplealwaysseemedtosurface:Yourrefrigeratorwouldknowwhenyouneededtobuymoremilk.Theconceptwasthatputerchipscouldbeputeverywhereandsendinformationinasmartnetworkthatwouldmakeordinarylifesimpler.RFIDtagsareasmallpartofthisphenomenon.“Theworldisgoingtobealooselycoupledsetofindividualsmalldevices,connectedwirelessly,”predictsDr.J.Reich.Humanrightsupportersarenervousaboutthepossibilitiesofsuchtechnology.ItgoestoofartrackingschoolkidsthroughRFIDtags,theysay.Weimagineaworldinwhichabeerpanycouldfindoutnotonlywhenyouboughtabeerbutalsowhenyoudrankit.Andhowmanybeers.Acpaniedbyhowmanybiscuits.WhenMarconiinventedradio,hethoughtitwouldbeusedforshiptoshoremunication.Notforpopmusic.WhoknowshowRFIDandrelatedtechnologieswillbeusedinthefuture.Here’sawildguess:Notforbuyingmilk.12.Thearticleisintendedto.A.warnpeopleofthepossiblerisksinadoptingRFIDtechnologyB.explainthebenefitsbroughtaboutbyRFIDtechnologyC.convincepeopleoftheusesofRFIDtechnologyD.predicttheapplicationsofRFIDtechnology13.WeknowfromthepassagethatwiththehelpofRFIDtags,people.A.willhavenotroublegettingdataaboutothersB.willhavemoreenergyforconversationC.willhavemoretimetomakefriendsD.won’tfeelshyatpartiesanylonger14.WhyaresomepeopleworriedaboutRFIDtechnology?A.Becausechildrenwillbetrackedbystrangers.B.Becausemarketpetitionwillbeemorefierce.C.Becausetheirprivateliveswillbegreatlyaffected.D.Becausecustomerswillbeforcedtobuymoreproducts.15.ThelastparagraphimpliesthatRFIDtechnology.A.willnotbeusedforsuchmattersasbuyingmilkB.willbewidelyused,includingforbuyingmilkC.willonlybeusedforbuyingmilkD.willprobablynotbewidelyused【答案】12.D13.A14.C15.B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是一项新技术RFID的应用和它的前景。【12题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“WhoknowshowRFIDandrelatedtechnologieswillbeusedinthefuture.(谁知道RFID和相关技术将来会如何使用呢)”及全文可知，这篇文章的目的是预测RFID技术的应用。故选D。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Fortunately,you’vegotathingthatsendsoutenergyattinychipsineveryone’snametag.Thechipssendbackname,job,hobbies,andthetimeavailableformeetingwhatever.(幸运的是，你有一种东西可以向每个人名牌上的小芯片发送能量。这些芯片可以发送姓名、工作、爱好和可以见面的时间等信息)”可知，在RFID标签的帮助下，人们获得别人的信息毫不费力。故选A。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段“Humanrightsupportersarenervousaboutthepossibilitiesofsuchtechnology.ItgoestoofartrackingschoolkidsthroughRFIDtags,theysay.Weimagineaworldinwhichabeerpanycouldfindoutnotonlywhenyouboughtabeerbutalsowhenyoudrankit.Andhowmanybeers.Acpaniedbyhowmanybiscuits.(人权支持者对这种技术的可能性感到紧张。他们说，通过射频识别标签跟踪学生太过分了。我们想象这样一个世界：啤酒公司不仅可以知道你什么时候买了啤酒，还可以知道你什么时候喝了啤酒。还有多少啤酒。伴着多少饼干)”可知，有些人担心RFID技术，是他们的私生活会受到很大的影响。故选C。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“WhenMarconiinventedradio,hethoughtitwouldbeusedforshiptoshoremunication.Notforpopmusic.WhoknowshowRFIDandrelatedtechnologieswillbeusedinthefuture.Here’sawildguess:Notforbuyingmilk.(当马可尼发明无线电时，他认为它将用于船对岸通信。不适合流行音乐。谁知道RFID和相关技术将来会如何使用呢？我大胆猜测：不是用来买牛奶的)”可知，无线电的应用最终超越预期，可得出最后一段暗示了RFID技术可能被广泛使用，包括用于购买牛奶。故选B。第二节(共5小题;每小题2分，满分10分)Weallknowaboutthehealthbenefitsofswimming.Itoffersagreatworkouttothebody—itbuildsendurance,musclestrengthandcardiovascular(心血管的)fitness.____16____Manypeoplefeelthatswimmingisveryexcitingandrelaxing.Coldwaterswimming—sometimescalledwildswimming—involvesswimminginnaturalareasincludingponds,riversandthesea.Jumpingincoldwatergivesashortsharpshocktothebody.____17____Acolddipmightwakeyouup,butresearchhasfounditcanhavemuchbiggerbenefitsthanthoseforyourbodyandmind.Aswellasbeinggoodexercise,coldwaterswimmingimproveswellbeing.____18____Onemanwhosufferedconstantpainaftersurgeryclaimedhewascuredbytakingaswimincoldopenwater.Andanotherswimmer,SandriaSimons,toldtheBBC“theimmersionofyourbodyincold,saltwater,justfeelinglikeyou’reatonewithnatureifyoulike,justfeelsamazing.”Whatisitthatpeoplearegainingfromthiscoldexperience?Doctorssaygettingintocoldwatermakesastressresponse,butthemoreyoudoit,yourreactiontostressisreduced.____19____Inaddition,coldwaterswimmingcanexerciseswimmers’willpower.Buttherearebiggerbenefitsofthisstressreducingexercise.Someexpertsbelievecoldwaterswimminghelps“crossadaptation”,whereoneformofstresspreparesthebodyforanother.____20____So,ifyou’reconvincedthatthisisforyou,takeadvice:approachitwithcaution,swimwithafriend,andmaybestartinsummer,whenthewatertemperaturesarehigher.A.Coldwaterswimmingisbeneficialtopeople.B.Ifyoudon’tmindgettingwet,itcanbefun,too.C.Howevermanyparticipantssattheygetusedtoit.D.It’salsothoughttostrengthenourdigestivefunction.E.Weallknowexercisecanmakepeoplelivealonglife.F.Coldwaterswimmingcancurecertainconditions.G.Forexample,ithelpsreducethestressofexercisingathighaltitudes.【答案】16.B17.C18.F19.D20.G【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了在冷水中游泳对人体有好处，并进行了举例说明，同时介绍了一些在冷水中游泳需要注意的事项。【16题详解】根据上文“Weallknowaboutthehealthbenefitsofswimming.Itoffersagreatworkoutforthebody—itbuildsendurance,musclestrengthandcardiovascularfitness.(我们都知道游泳对健康的好处。它为身体提供了很好的锻炼——增强耐力、肌肉力量和心血管健康)”以及后文“Manypeoplefeelthatswimmingisveryexcitingandrelaxing.(很多人觉得游泳是非常令人兴奋和放松的)”可知，上文提到游泳对人有好处，后文则说很多人都喜欢游泳，可知本句是如果你不介意被淋湿，也可以很有趣。B项中的“fun”与下文的“excitingandrelaxing”一致。故选B。【17题详解】根据上文“Coldwaterswimming—sometimescalledwildswimming—involvesswimminginnaturalareasincludingponds,riversandthesea.Jumpingingivesashortsharpshocktothebody.(冷水游泳——有时也被称为野外游泳——包括在池塘、河流和大海等自然区域游泳。跳进去会给身体带来短暂而强烈的冲击)”可知，上文提到跳进野外的冷水中游泳，本句应承接上文说明参与这项活动的人对此的看法。故C选项“但是很多参与者说他们已经习惯了”符合语境，故选C。【18题详解】根据后文“Onemanwhosufferedconstantpainaftersurgeryclaimedhewascuredbytakingaswimincoldopenwater.Andanotherswimmer,SandriaSimons,toldtheBBC“theimmersionofyourbodyincold,saltwater,justfeelinglikeyou’reatonewithnatureifyoulike,justfeelsamazing.”(一名手术后一直感到疼痛的男子声称，通过在开放的冷水中游泳，他痊愈了。另一位游泳运动员SandriaSimons告诉BBC：“只要你愿意，把身体浸入冰冷、盐水中，就会觉得自己与大自然融为一体，这种感觉太棒了。”)”可知，后文手术后通过冷水游泳痊愈的男孩和游泳运动员的说法表明，冷水游泳是对人体有好处的。故F选项“有很多证据表明冷水游泳的好处”符合语境，故选F。【19题详解】根据上文“Whatisitthatpeoplearegainingfromthiscoldexperience?Doctorssaygettingintocoldwatermakesastressresponse,butthemoreyoudoit,yourreactiontostressisreduced.(人们从这种寒冷的经历中得到了什么？医生说，进入冷水会产生压力反应，但你做得越多，你对压力的反应就会减少)”和下文“Inaddition,coldwaterswimmingcanexerciseswimmers’willpower.(此外，冷水游泳还可以锻炼游泳者的意志力)”可知，上下文都讲述人们冷水游泳的好处，可以适应压力反应，可以锻炼意志力，D项中的“strengthenourdigestivefunction(增强我们的消化功能)”是另一种好处。故选D。【20题详解】根据上文“Someexpertsbelievecoldwaterswimminghelps“crossadaptation”,whereoneformofstresspreparesthebodyforanother.(一些专家认为冷水游泳有助于“交叉适应”，即一种形式的压力让身体为另一种形式的压力做好准备)”可知，上文提到了冷水游泳可以让身体为另一种形式的压力做好准备，本句为本段最后一句，应举例说明这种作用的具体体现。故G选项“例如，它也有助于减少在高海拔运动的压力”符合语境，故选G。第二部分语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)第一节(共20小题，每小题分，满分30分)阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。Oneday,aprofessor(教授)enteredhisclassroomandaskedhisstudentstoprepareforasurprisetest.Theyallwaitedanxiouslyattheirdesksforthe____21____tobegin.Theprofessor____22____theexampaperswiththetextfacingdownasusual.Oncehehandedthemallout,heaskedthestudentsto____23____thepapers.Toeveryone’s____24____,therewerenoquestions—justablack____25____inthecentreofthepaper.Theprofessor,seeingthe____26____oneveryone’sfaces,toldthemthefollowing:“Iwantyoutowriteaboutwhatyouseethere.”Thestudents,confused,gotstartedontheverytask.Atthe____27____oftheclass,theprofessortookalltheexams,____28____eachoneofthemloudinfrontofallthestudents.Allofthem,____29____exception,describedtheblackdot(小圆点),tryingtoexplainitspositioninthecenterofthesheet.Afterallhadbeenread,theclassroom____30____,theprofessorstartedtoexplain:“I’mnotgoingto____31____youonthis;Ijustwanttogiveyousomethingtothinkabout.Noonewroteaboutthe____32____partofthepaper.Everyonefocusedontheblackdot—andthesamething____33____inourlives.However,weinsiston____34____onlyontheblackdot—thehealthissuesthattroubleus,the____35____ofmoney,theplicated(复杂的)friendshipwithafamilymember,the____36____withafriend.Thedarkspotsarevery____37____whenparedtoeverythingwehaveinourlives,____38____theyaretheonesthatpolluteourminds.Takeyoureyes____39____fromtheblackdotsinyourlives.Enjoyeachoneofyourblessings,eachmomentthatlifegivesyou.Be____40____andlivealifefilledwithlove!”21.A.class B.exam C.lesson D.lecture22.A.putout B.carriedout C.leftout D.handedout23.A.turndown B.turnout C.turnover D.turnto24A.anger B.surprise C.sorrow D.joy25.A.dot B.mark C.sign D.cross26.A.explanations B.expressions C.looks D.smiles27.A.end B.beginning C.half D.middle28.A.showing B.writing C.drawing D.reading29.A.with B.including C.beyond D.without30.A.bright B.noisy C.crowded D.silent31.A.matter B.grade C.excuse D.follow32.A.black B.white C.central D.most33.A.appears B.arrives C.es D.happens34.A.focusing B.questioning C.agreeing D.watching35.A.sum B.desire C.number D.lack36.A.happiness B.amazement C.disappointment D.enjoyment37.A.great B.big C.small D.important38.A.or B.but C.so D.besides39.A.away B.out C.off D.down40.A.healthy B.generous C.happy D.lovely【答案】21.B22.D23.C24.B25.A26.B27.A28.D29.D30.D31.B32.B33.D34.A35.D36.C37.C38.B39.A40.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述教授通过让学生们做一份特殊的试卷而给学生们上了一堂生动的哲理课，不要太关注人的不完美，要好好享受我们所拥有的美好！21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。他们都焦急地在课桌前等待考试开始。A.class班级；B.exam考试；C.lesson课程；D.lecture讲座。根据前文“askedhisstudentstoprepareforasurprisetest.”可知学生们焦急的等待考试。故选B。【22题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：教授像往常一样把试卷朝下分发。A.putout扑灭；B.carriedout开展；C.leftout漏掉；D.handedout分发。根据后文“theexampapers”和“Oncehehandedthemallout”可知，考试的时候是下发试卷。故选D。【23题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：试卷分发完毕后，教授要求学生翻开试卷。A.turndown拒绝；B.turnout结果是；C.turnover翻过来；D.turnto转向，求助。根据后文“Toeveryone’s____4____,therewerenoquestions—justablack____5____inthecentreofthepaper.”可知，是教授让学生们翻开试卷。故选C。【24题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令学生们吃惊的是，试卷上并没有问题。A.anger生气；惊讶；C.sorrow悲伤；D.joy高兴。根据后文的“therewerenoquestions”可知，试卷中没有内容，故学生们是吃惊的。故选B。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令学生们吃惊的是，试卷上并没有问题—在试卷的中心只有一个黑点。圆点；B.mark标记；C.sign标志；D.cross叉号。根据后文的“Allofthem,____9____exception,describedtheblackdot(小圆点),tryingtoexplainitspositioninthecenterofthesheet.”，可知试卷中心只有一个黑点。故选A。【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：教授看到了每个人的脸上的表情。A.explanations解释；B.expressions表达，表情；C.looks外表；D.smiles微笑。根据后文的“oneveryone’sfaces”可是看到的是脸上的表情。故选B。【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在考试结束的时候，教授把所有卷子收上来。A.end结束；B.beginning开始；C.half一半；D.middle中间。根据后文的“theprofessortookalltheexams”可知，是考试结束了，教授收卷子。故选A。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在所有学生面前大声阅读每一个人的答案。A.showing展示；B.writing写；C.drawing画；D.reading阅读。根据后文的“oneofthemloudinfrontofallthestudents”可知是大声的读出来。故选D。【29题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：他们所有人无一例外地描述了黑点。A.with和；B.including包括；C.beyond超过；D.without没有。根据前文的“Allofthem”可知，所有的人，无一例外。故选D。30题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：教授读完后，大家都沉默了。A.bright明亮的；B.noisy喧闹的；C.crowded拥挤的；D.silent沉默的。根据后文的“theprofessorstartedtoexplain”可知，是大家都沉默了。故选D。【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不会给你们打分，我只是想让你们思考一些东西。A.matter要紧；B.grade打分数；C.excuse原谅，宽恕；D.follow跟随。根据后文的“Ijustwanttogiveyousomethingtothinkabout.”可知，教授不会打分给学生的，因为他只是想让学生们思考一些东西。故选B。【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：没人关注卷子的空白部分。A.black黑色的；B.white白色；C.central中央的；D.most最多的。根据后文的“Everyonefocusedontheblackdot”可知，所有的学生都关注的是黑色点，而没有关注白色。故选B。【33题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个人都在关注这个黑点，并且相同的事情在我们的生活中也会发生。A.appears出现；B.arrives到达；C.es来；D.happens发生。根据空前的“thesamething”可知，是同样的事情也会发生在我们的生活中。故选D。【34题详解】考查动词动名词形式词义辨析。句意：然而，我们坚持只关注黑点——困扰我们的健康问题，缺钱，复杂的友谊和家庭成员的关系，对朋友的失望。A.focusing集中；B.questioning质问；C.agreeing同意；D.watching观看。根据后文的“thehealthissuesthattroubleus,the____15____ofmoney,theplicated(复杂的)friendshipwithafamilymember,the____16____withafriend.”可知，我们关注的总是黑点，即生活中的不好的事情。故选A。【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.sum总计；B.desire渴望；C.number数字；D.lack缺乏。根据前文“thehealthissuesthattroubleus”可知，我们总是关注不好的事情，与前文构成并列。故应该是缺钱。故选D。【36题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.happiness高兴；B.amazement惊讶；C.disapointement失望；D.enjoyment享受。根据前文“thehealthissuesthattroubleus”可知，我们总是关注不好的事情，与前文构成并列，故应该是对朋友的失望。故选C。【37题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相对于我们生活中的事情来说，黑点只占了很小的一个比例。A.great伟大的；B.big大的；C.small小的；D.important重要的。根据后文“whenparedtoeverything”可知，当与生活中的一切进行比较的时候，黑点只占了很小的比例。故选C。【38题详解】考查连词或介词词义辨析。句意：但是它们会污染我们的思想。A.or或者；B.but但是；C.so因此；D.besides除……之外(还)。根据后文的“theyaretheonesthatpolluteourminds.”可知，与前文构成转折关系。故选B。【39题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在远处，把你的眼睛从你的生活中的黑点移开。A.away离开；B.out在外面；C.off断开；D.down向下。takeaway拿走，带走，固定短语。根据后文“Enjoyeachoneofyourblessings”可知，应该是把眼睛从生活中的黑点移开。故选A。【40题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：快乐起来，生活充满了爱！A.healthy健康的；B.generous慷慨的；C.happy高兴的；D.lovely可爱的。根据后文的“livealifefilledwithlove!”可知，要快乐起来，生活中是充满爱的。故选C。第二节(共10小题;每小题分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Forthepastfewyears,severalInternetbuzzwords(流行语)havegonepopular,“____41____(hero)inharm’sway”;“lyingflat”,“neijuan”____42____(include).Once____43____ambassadortotheUnitedStatestoldapersonalstorytoexplainwhythegovernmentintroducedapolicytoaddressneijuan,or“involution”,abuzzword____44____(mean)irrational(非理性的)orinvoluntarypetition,w