怎样区别一般过去时与现在完成时

现在完毕时是由助动词have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词阐明该谓语是属于现在时范畴。它和主Wearegoodfriends.(现在的状况）Iknewhimin1997.（过去的动作）Wehaveknowneachothersince1997.（现在完毕时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在表达动作发生在过去某个不拟定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和成果。常被just、already、yet，twice,ever,never,threetime等副词修饰。如：-Haveyouhadlunch-Yes,Ihave.I'vejusthadIhavebeentoBeijing带有for和since等表达一段时间的状语。如：Hehastaughtheresince1981 他自1981年就在这儿教书（可能还要继续教）Ihaven'tseenherforfouryears. 提问普通用how HowlonghaveyoulivedIlivedhereforaweeklastsummer.IhavelivedhereforaweekbynowIwilllivehereforaweeknextyear.Sunday,in1990,threeyearsago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，能够和某些表达不拟定的时间alreadyyet。already，yet如：Wehavealreadyfinishedourhomework.我们已完毕作业了。Theyhaven'tfinishedtheirhomeworkyet.他们还没有完毕作业。用表达成说话为止的过去时间状语，如sofar, uptonow,inthepastfewyears等。例如： hasbeentherethreetimes inthelastfewdays.用涉及“现在”在内的时间状语，如：nowtoday,thismorning(month,yearterm)等。例如：-Haveyoumethimtoday?-No,Ihaven't.Howmanytimeshaveyoubeentherethis现在完毕时能够和带有since或for等表“一段时间的状语连用,表达动作或状态从某一时刻开始，始终持续到现在。：Ihaven'tseenhimfortwoyears. 但是，像come,arrive,buy等终止性动词不能与arrivearrive→be begin(start)→be →be comeback→be →be fallill(sick,asleep)→beill(sick,getgetup→be go →be→wear或put→wear或put →bebe→be→be→be或beamember →be gotoschool→bea catch(acold)→have(a gettoknowbegintostudy→study cometowork→work等如：Hehasbeeninthearmyforthreeyears.他从军三年了。Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.他父亲逝世二年了。Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.电影已开始十分钟了。WehavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears.我们（开始）如：Ihvetthereie997since如：Itistwoyearssincehisfatherdied.=Hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.havebeen(to)与havegone(to)的区别：havebeen(to)表达“去过某地（现在已经回来了用于各人称；havegone(to)表达“去某地了（说话时某人不在本地”，惯用于第三人称，前者可与onceneverseveraltimesTheyhavebeentoBeijingtwice.他们去过北京两次。HehasgonetoBeijing.他去北京了。IhavejustbeentoLondon.Iwenttherelastyesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow,具体的时间状语thismorning,tonight,thisApril,now,once，before,already,现在完毕时的时间状语for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inpastyears,live,teach,learn,work,study,come,go,leave,startdie,finishbecome,getmarriedIsawthisfilm （Ihaveseenthisfilm. Whydidyougetupsoearly? Whohasn'thandedinhispaper?（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争）ShehasreturnedfromParis. 她已从巴黎回来了。Shereturned HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears. HehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears. HejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago. (三年前入团，joinedIhavefinishedmyhomeworknow.---WillsomebodygoandgetDr.---He'salreadybeensent句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday,last,weekin1960）时，不能使用现在完毕时，要用过去（错）Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslast（对）TomwrotealettertohisparentslastA.用already或Havetheytakendowntheoldpictures ?No,they Mostofushavefinishedourcompositions Hesaidhehadn’tvisitedtheexhibition B.用since或Wehavelearnedfivelessons _thebeginningofthisterm.MrsLiaohasbeeninhospital lastIhavestayedatmyaunt’s twoC.用havegone或haveWherearetheboystudents?They totheschoolIsyourfatherin?No,he toShenzhen. heever therebeforeYes,he thereseveralHeaskedmeif toHangzhouItoldhimthatIwantedtogothereforavisitasI never_ tothatcity1.Mother meanewcoatyesterday.I iton.ItfitsmeA.hadmade…havetriedB.made…haveC.has D.2“He todrawhorsesalready”.“When he?”“LastyearA.learned…hasB.learned…didC.has D.hasTom upintothetree.Look,he highupthereA.has B.has C.got D. you thetextyet?Yes,we ittwohours B.C. D.Did“Why she angry?”“Becausehe atherjustnow B.C.did…get…has D.has…got…has you thefilmbefore?Where you itHave B.DidC. D.DidYou mewaitingfortwohours.I foryousince B.haveC.kept…have D.havekept…haveWhere John ?Tothelibrary.He thereforanhour.A.has…been…hasgone B.has…gone…hasbeenC. D. thebabystill ?No,it Has…cried…has B.C.Did D.Is…crying…hasI theway.I hereforquitemanyA.knew…have B. C.know…have D. youever America?Yes,IA.Have…gone B.Have…gone C.Have…been D.Have…beenMybrother collegeforoverthreeA.hasgone B.hasbeen C.hasbeen D.hasbeenHe theArmybytheendof1989.He inthearmysince B.hasjoined…hasC.had D.hadjoined…hasBythetimeI backthey uptenA.came…have B.came…had C.come…have D.hadJack overfivelessonsbyseveno’clock.Thenhe aA. B.went…had C.had D.hadgone…hadWe outbythattimethathe aspyforalongA.hadfound…had B.had C.found…had D.Beforethenews him,he toknowaboutA.reaches…has B.reached…had C. D.hadI himasecondletterbeforeI fromA.wrote…heardB.wrote…had C.had D.havePeople thatthesoldiers A.say…had B.said…has C. D.said…hadWe inagoodharvestbecausewe enoughA.didn’tget…had B.got…had C.hadgot…had D.got…hadn’tThey forfivehourswhenthey inNew B.hadflown…hadC.flew…had D.hadShe thatit fortwodaysbythatA.says…has B.says…had C.said…had D.John theresincetheyearbefore,sohe had B.hadworked…hadC. D.worked…hadHe angrybecausehe foralongA.hadgot…had B. C.had D