2022年中考英语外研版总复习学案-题型四短文还原

题型四短文还原第1招逻辑判断

理解空前与空后的句子的大意,根据意思的连贯性、逻辑性或线索从选项中选取正确答案。如:DoyouknowwhichsocialappChineseyoungpeopleusealotnow?SomeusersuseTikTok(抖音)andKuaishou.Theythinkitisfuntoshareshortvideosabouttheirlives,whileothershaveotherpurposesaswell.

A.Idon’tlikewaitingforaprogramtoend.B.“Shortvideos”arecertainlythemostpopular.C.Butaftertheybuytheproducts,theymayregretsoon.D.Oneofthevideoswonheraboutonemillionfans.E.Icanmakemoneywithshortvideos.F.However,someyoungChinesefeelboredwithsomeshortvideos.【解析】第一句是特殊疑问句,所以正确选项应该是对该问题的回答。又根据下一句“SomeusersuseTikTokandKuaishou.Theythinkitisfuntoshareshortvideosabouttheirlives”,一些使用者使用抖音和快手,他们认为用短视频分享他们的生活是有趣的。可知选B可以保持文章的连贯性和逻辑性。第2招词汇锁定

①重点关注空前和空后的名词和动词,然后在备选项中寻找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词、同类词等。②注意一些专有名词和代词,以及表示时间、年代、地点、名称等的线索词汇。如:What’scausingglobal(全球的)warming?Isitman-made?Oraretemperaturessimplychangingnaturally?Whateverthecase,wecanatleasttrytoslowthingsdown.Buthow?TheWildernessProjecthasanidea..Iftheearthhasmoretrees,greenhousegaseswillbereduced,andthiswillhelpstopglobalwarming.

A.HewasninewhenhecameupwiththeideaofplantingtreesaroundtheworldB.TheysuggestthatweshouldplantmoretreesC.AnotherquestionishowquicklythesealevelwillriseD.ManycountriesarecallingonpeopletoplantmoretreesE.What’smore,theyimprovehumanhealthbyproducingoxygen(氧气)【解析】空前的TheWildernessProject是一个环保组织,此句表示“荒野计划有个办法”,空后的关键词为trees,根据锁定的词汇TheWildernessProject、idea和trees可以推测空缺句子表示:荒野计划这个组织提出了解决全球变暖的方法,内容和树有关,所以正确选项为B。第3招关联词切入

①句段之间常使用不同意义的关联词表示过渡和连接,使文章连贯、结构层次清楚。②常见的关联词:表示并列、递进、因果、转折、让步、时间顺序等。如:Longago,aspeoplegotolder,therewassomethingwrongwiththeirteethanditwouldbeverypainful.

Laterpeoplelearnedthatcleaningtheirteethwasimportant,buttheydidn’thavetoothpaste(牙膏)atthattime.A.Theyusedlemonjuice,saltorotherthingstocleantheirteeth.B.ToothbrushingbecamepopularduringtheWorldWarⅠ.C.Fluoridemakesyourteethstrongandhealthy.D.Todaythey’remadeofsoftplasticandaremucheasiertouse!E.Toavoidtoothache,theyhadtheirteethpulledout.【解析】空后的later表示“之后”,根据Laterpeoplelearnedthatcleaningtheirteethwasimportant“之后人们了解到清洁牙齿很重要”,说明第一段的时候人们还不知道刷牙,牙疼后得将坏牙拔出,所以正确选项为E。第4招设空在段首

①空缺处的句子通常是该段的主题句,需要通读整个段落,提炼大意。②空缺处的句子与后文是并列、转折、因果等关系,重点阅读空后第一、二句,锁定线索词,根据线索词从选项中找到正确答案。③空缺处的句子是两个段落间的过渡句,需要前瞻后望寻找启示,将上段结尾和下段开始有机地结合起来。如:Tospeaktopeopleinaforeignlanguagerequirescourage.Somepeopleareafraidofmakingmistakes.Theyneveropentheirmouths.Andthat’sthebiggestmistakeofall.Nowifyouhavecourageandarereadytomakeafewmistakes.Whatwillyousay?Findingapropertopicishalfthebattle.Sometopics,suchastheweatherandnews,workwell.Butothers,suchasage,moneyorpeople’slookdonot.Thefollowingaresomewaystostartaconversation.

A.Itwasnicetalkingtoyou.B.Firstofall,youhavetostartaconversation.C.Firstly,bewillingtomakemistakes.D.Couldyouspeakmoreslowly,please?E.Didyouhearaboutthatterribleforestfire?【解析】第一段表示“用外语同他人交流需要勇气”,根据第二段最后一句Thefollowingaresomewaystostartaconversation.可知空缺句子表示“开始一段对话”,所以正确选项是B。第5招设空在段中

注意结合设空前后的句子,根据上下文句意或情节的发展来确定正确答案。如:Takinggoodnotesisatime-savingskillthatwillhelpyoutobecomeabetterstudentinseveralways.Second,yournotesareexcellentmaterialstorefertowhenyouarestudyingforatest.Third,note-takinghelpsyoutoholdyourinterest.

A.Usewords,notcompletesentences.B.Otherwise,youmaynotbeabletoreadyournoteslater.C.Youwillalsowanttodevelopyourownmethodfortakingnotes.D.Writedownwhatyouhavelearned.E.Thatmeansyoumustfirstdecidewhatisimportantenoughtoincludeinyournotes.F.First,thesimpleactofwritingsomethingdownmakesiteasierforyoutounderstandandrememberit.【解析】根据后文的Second,Third可知空缺处需要含有First等表示“首先”的词,所以正确选项是F。第6招设空在段尾

①通常是结论、概括性的语句,注意表示总结的信号词。②与前文在同一主题上形成对比、对立关系。③与前文是并列或排比关系,注意段落一致性原则,在原文和选项中寻找相关的特征词。如:Ifyourequirestrengthineitherbodyormind,redmaybeofsomehelptoyou.Redisthecolorofheat.Itrepresentspowerandstrongfeelings.Wearingredcanalsomakeiteasiertotakeaction.

A.Warmcolors.B.Greencangiveyouenergy.C.Bluecanalsorepresentsadness.D.Youmaywonderwhetheritistrue.E.Othersthinkthatcolorscanchangepeople’smoods.F.Thismayhelpwhenyouarehavingdifficultymakingadecision.【解析】此题设空在段尾。整段讲的都是跟red有关的内容,所以B和C可以排除。根据第一句Ifyourequirestrengthineitherbodyormind,redmaybeofsomehelptoyou.如果你的身体或精神需要力量,红色都能给你一定的帮助。根据第四句Wearingredcanalsomakeiteasiertotakeaction.穿红色衣服能使行动变得更容易。根据段落的一致性原则,可知正确选项为F。(2021·连云港中考)Therearenotmanynationsthatcansaytheirnationaldishhasbecomeinternational.1Botharefamousallovertheworld,andbothhavemadethehistoryofItalianfood.Peoplehavebeeneatingpizza,inoneformoranother,forcenturies.Theyeatiteverywhere—athome,inrestaurants,oronstreetcorners.

2Longago,piecesofflatbread,toppedwithmushroomsandherbs(香料),wereasimpleandtastymeal.Theyweremostlyforthosewhodidn’thaveenoughmoneytobuyplates,orwhowereonthego.Inthe18thcentury,Naples,insouthernItaly,hadbecomeoneofthelargestcitiesinEurope,anditwasgrowingfast.Lotsofcitypeoplewerepoorandtheywerealwaysrushingaroundtolookforwork.3Pizzaswerecuttomeetthecustomers’needs.Theywereinexpensive,usedeasy-to-findingredients(原料),andcouldbemadewithplentyofflavor.

ItwasinAmericathatpizzafounditssecondhome.4Soon,pizzaspreadacrossthecountrywiththerapiddevelopmentofthecity.Itwasincreasinglyconsideredasafastfood.PeoplemightlikeNewYork-stylethinpizza,orChicagodeep-dishthickpizza.Somewantextracheeseontheirpizzaswhileothersonlylikevegetables.5

Foralotofpeopleinwesterncountries,whentheycannotdecidewhattoeat,theyorderpizzas.A.Nobodyknowswherepizzacamefrom.B.Thesecretis,almosteveryonelikespizzas.C.Italyhastwosuchdishes,spaghettiandpizza.D.AnumberofpeoplerefusedtoeatpizzasinItaly.E.Theyneededfoodthatwascheapandeasytoeat.F.In1905,thefirstpizzeria,Lombardi’s,wasopenedinNewYorkCity.G.Theword“pizza”camefromtheLatinword“pinsa”meaningflatbread.第一步:读全文·知大意本文讲述了比萨的历史。第二步:读答案·找关键根据选项中的everyonelikes,cheapandeasytoeat,thefirstpizzeria可知本文主要介绍了比萨的产生和受欢迎程度。第三步:理逻辑·定答案1.【解析】选C。根据“Botharefamousallovertheworld,andbothhavemadethehistoryofItalianfood.”可知,此处描述的是关于意大