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优雅英语,优雅翻译--以霍译《红楼梦》语言特色为例上海外国语大学史志康Part
OneThe
Rendition
of
theVersesPart
One
The
Rendition
of
theVersesExample
1:
Original
version(Chapter
1)
:
然后携你到那昌明隆盛之邦、诗礼簪缨之
族,花柳繁华地,温
柔富贵乡去安身乐业。Translation
:After
that
I
shall
take
you
to
acertainBrilliantSuccessfulPoeticalCultivatedAristocraticElegantDelectableLuxuriousOpulentLocality
on
a
little
tripAppreciation
&
Comments
The
most
choice
and
pithy
adjectives
are
offerecoupled
with
only
one
word
“locality”
to
coveabout
four
Chinese
words“邦”“族”“地”
“乡”,which
looks
very
succinct.Part
One
The
Rendition
of
theVersesExample
2:Original
version
(Chapter
1)“太虚幻境:假作真时真即假,无为有处有还无。Translation
:THE
LAND
OF
ILLUSIONTruth
becomes
fiction
when
the
fiction’s
trueReal
becomes
not-real
where
the
unreal’s
realAppreciation
&
Comments
The
translation
not
only
shows
faithfulconveyance
of
the
meaning
of
the
original
versibut
also
demonstrates
the
linguistic
feature
orepetition
of
the
original
version,
with
therepetition
of
the
words
‘fiction’
‘real’‘become’
or
slanted
repetition
of
the
two
pai‘truth’
and
‘true’
and
‘not-real’
and‘unreal’.Part
One
The
Rendition
of
theVersesExample3:Original
version
(Chapter
1)世人都晓神仙好,惟有功名忘不了!古今将相在何方?荒冢一堆草没了.世人都晓神仙好,只有金银忘不了!终朝只恨聚无多,及到多时眼闭了.Translation:‘Men
all
know
that
salvationshould
be
won,But
with
ambition
won’t
have
donehave
done.Where
are
the
famous
ones
of
daysgone
by?In
grassy
graves
they
lie
now,
eveone.Men
all
know
that
salvation
shouldbe
won,But
with
their
riches
won’t
havedone,
have
done.Each
day
they
grumble
they’ve
notmade
enough.When
they’ve
enough,
it’sgoodnight
everyone!Part
One
The
Rendition
of
theVerses世人都晓神仙好,只有姣妻忘不了!君生日日说恩情,君死又随人去了.世人都晓神仙好,只有儿孙忘不了!痴心父母古来多,孝顺儿孙谁见了?
Men
all
know
that
salvationshould
be
won,
But
with
their
loving
wives
theywon’t
have
done.
The
darlings
every
day
protesttheir
love:
But
once
you’re
dead,
they’reoff
with
another
one.
Men
all
know
that
salvationshould
be
won,
But
with
their
children
won’thave
done,
have
done.
Yet
though
of
parents
fond
thereis
no
lack,
Of
grateful
children
saw
Ine’er
a
one.’Appreciation
&
Comments
a)Apparently
general
terms
are
used
to
translate
whichmore
specific.Here
are
two
illustrations:“the
famousof
days
gone
by”are
used
to
mean“古今将相”,and“their
riches”are
used
to
stand
for“金银”.
b)What
is
typical
of
the
Western
culture
is
used
to
meanwhat
is
typical
of
the
Chinese
culture.The
typical
exampis
to
translate”世人都晓神仙好”into“Men
all
knowthat
salvation
should
be
won”,in
which
the
word“salvation”is
likely
to
serve
as
a
reminder
of
Christi
c)
Some
figures
of
speech
are
employed.
For
instance,“grass
graves”
is
alliteration,
“it’s
goodnight”
ieuphemism.Part
One
The
Rendition
of
theVersesExample
4:Originalversion
(Chapter
2):这一日偶至郊外,意欲赏鉴那村野风光。信步至一山环水旋、茂林深竹之处,隐隐的有座庙宇,门巷倾颓,墙垣朽败,门前有额,题着"智通寺"三字,门旁又有一副旧破的对联云:身后有余忘缩手,眼前无路想回头Translation:
One
day
a
desire
to
savour
country
sights
and
sounds
le
outside
the
city
walls,
and
as
he
walked
along
with
no
fixed
destinati
mind,
he
presently
found
himself
in
a
place
ringed
with
hills
and
full
murmuring
brooks
and
tall
stands
of
bamboo
where
a
temple
stood
half-
hidden
among
the
trees.
The
walled
approach
to
the
gateway
had
fallen
and
parts
of
the
surrounding
wall
were
in
ruins.
A
board
above
the
gat
announced
the
temple’s
name:
THE
TEMPLE
OF
PERFECTKNOWLEDGE
while
two
cracked
and
worn
uprights
at
the
sides
of
thegate
were
inscribed
with
the
following
couplet:As
long
as
there
is
a
sufficiency
behind
you,
you
press
greedily
fIt
is
only
when
there
is
no
road
in
front
of
you
that
you
think
ofturning
back.Part
One
The
Rendition
of
theVersesExample
5:
Original
version:(Chapter
54)对酒当歌,人生几何Translation:Come
drink
with
me
and
sing,For
life’s
a
fleeting
thing.Full
many
a
day
has
fledLike
the
morning
dew…Part
TwoRendition
of
proverbs,
idiomsand
sayingsPart
Two
Rendition
of
proverbs,
idiomsand
sayingsExample
6Original
version
(Chapter
2)
如今长了十来岁,虽然淘气异常但聪明乖觉,百个不及他一个;说起孩子话来也奇:他说:‘女儿是水做的骨肉,男子是泥做的骨肉,我见了女儿便清爽,见了男子便觉浊臭逼人!’你道好笑不好笑?Translation:
He’s
now
rising
ten
and
unusually
mischievous,
yet
hisis
as
sharp
as
a
needle.
You
wouldn’t
find
one
in
a
hundrto
match
him.
Some
of
the
childish
things
he
says
are
mostextraordinary.
He’ll
say,
“Girls
are
made
of
water
anboys
are
made
of
mud.
When
I
am
with
girls
I
feel
fresh
anclean,
but
when
I
am
with
boys
I
feel
stupid
and
nasty.’isn’t
that
priceless!Part
Two
Rendition
of
proverbs,
idiomsand
sayingsExample
7Original
version
(Chapter
2)成则公侯败则贼Translation:
Zhang
victorious
is
a
hero,
Zhang
beaten
is
a
lousyknave?’Part
Two
Rendition
of
proverbs,
idiomsand
sayingsExample
8Original
version
(Chapter
4)
便谓“女人无才便是德”,故生了此女不曾叫他十分认真读书。Translation:
He
founded
his
educational
policy
for
girls
on
thegood
old
maxim
‘
a
stupid
woman
is
a
virtuousone’
and,
when
he
had
a
daughter
of
his
own,refused
to
let
her
engage
in
serious
study.Part
Two
Rendition
of
proverbs,
idiomsand
sayingsExample
9Original
version
(Chapter
4)
所以叫‘四家皆连络有亲,一损皆损,一荣皆荣。
Translation:
Those
four
families
are
all
closely
connected
witeach
other.
A
loss
for
one
is
a
loss
for
all.
A
gai
one
is
a
gain
for
all.Part
Two
Rendition
of
proverbs,
idiomsand
sayingsExample
10Original
version
(Chapter
4)
门子听了冷笑道:“老爷说的自是正理,但如今世上是行不去的!岂不闻古人说的‘大丈夫相时而动’,又说‘趋吉避凶者为君子’。Translation:
The
usher
smiled
coldly.
’What
Your
Honour
says
is
ndoubt
very
right
and
proper,
but
it
won’t
wash.
Not
tway
things
are
in
the
world
today!
Haven’t
you
heardthe
old
saying
“The
man
of
spirit
shapes
his
actionthe
passing
moment”?
and
there’s
another
oldsaying:“
It
is
the
mark
of
a
gentleman
to
avoid
whais
inauspicious”.Part
Two
Rendition
of
proverbs,
idiomsand
sayingsExample
11Original
version
(Chapter
54)
这小姐必是通文知礼,无所不晓,竟是‘绝代佳人’,--只见了一个清俊男人,不管是亲是友,便想起他的‘终身大事’来,父母也忘了,书也忘了,鬼不成鬼,贼不成贼,那一点儿像个
佳人?Translation:
They
are
always
amazingly
well-educated,
a
model
of
decorum,
aregular
paragon
of
all
the
virtues—that
is,
until
the
first
preyoung
comes
along.
As
soon
as
he
appears
on
the
scene—itdoesn’t
matter
who
or
what
he
is
–all
their
book-learning
andduty
they
owe
their
parents
fly
out
of
the
window
and
the
nextmoment
they
are
“making
their
plans
for
the
future”
andgenerally
carrying
on
in
a
way
that
would
bring
blushes
to
thcheek
of
a
cat-burglar—certainly
not
in
the
least
like
respeceducated
young
ladies.Part
Two
Rendition
of
proverbs,
idiomsand
sayingsExample
12Original
version
(Chapter
54)你们就这么大胆子小看他,可是鸡蛋往石头上碰!Translation:
So
just
what
makes
you
so
bold
against
her
I
do
notknow.
You
might
just
as
well
pelt
a
rock
with
eggsas
set
yourselves
up
against
her!”Part
Two
Rendition
of
proverbs,
idiomsand
sayingsExample
13Original
version
(Chapter
54)平儿也悄悄的道:“罢了!好奶奶们,‘墙倒众人推’,那赵姨娘原来有些颠倒,‘着三不着两’,有了事就都赖他。Translation:
“Oh,
come
on
now!”
said
Patience,
still
speakinin
a
half-whisper.
’Everyone
likes
to
pusha
falwall.
We
all
know
that
Mrs.
Zhao
isn’t
the
mostsensible
of
mortals.
She
doesn’t
know
whethershe’s
comingor
going
half
the
time.
It’s
justtoo
easy
to
blame
it
all
on
her
when
things
go
wrongPart
Two
Rendition
of
proverbs,
idiomsand
sayingsExample
14Original
version
(Chapter
54)
况且一个是美人灯儿,风吹吹就坏了;一个是拿定了主意,‘不干己事不张口,一问摇头三不知’,也难十分去问他。Translation;
And
in
any
case,
one
of
them’s
like
a
beautiful
picture-lantern:
you
feel
that
a
puff
of
wind
would
blow
her
out;the
other
is
so
determined
not
to
open
her
mouth
about
wdoesn’t
concern
her
that
a
shake
or
a
nod
or
an
“Idon’t
know”
is
about
all
you
can
ever
get
out
of
her
ayou
feel
but
awkward
about
asking
her
to
do
anything.Part
Two
Rendition
of
proverbs,
idiomsand
sayingsExample
15Original
version
(Chapter
80)正是俗话说得好,“清官难断家务事”Translation:
The
proverb
says
that
even
the
wisest
judge
willhesitate
to
pronounce
on
household
matters.Part
Two
Rendition
of
proverbs,
idiomsand
sayingsExample
16Original
version
(Chapter
80)
一面叫人:“去!快叫个人牙子来,多少卖几两
银子,拔去肉中刺,眼中钉,大家过太平日子!”Translation
She
turned
to
the
other
servants.
‘Quickly
now,
gand
get
the
dealer!
It
doesn’t
matter
what
we
sellher
for;
just
let’s
get
rid
of
this—this
thorn
i
flesh,
and
perhaps
we
shall
have
a
bit
of
peace
again
this
household!’Part
Two
Rendition
of
proverbs,
idiomsand
sayingsExample
17Original
version
(Chapter
80)金桂意谓一不做,二不休,越发喊起来了Translation
Jin-gui,
thinking,
no
doubt,
that
having
gone
soshemight
as
well
go
all
the
way,
only
shouted
thelouder.Part
Two
Rendition
of
proverbs,
idiomsand
sayingsExample
18Original
version
(Chapter
80)
王夫人道:“这也是没法儿的事。俗话说的:
‘嫁出去的女孩儿,泼出去的水。’叫我能怎么样呢?”Translation:
‘It’s
hard,
I
know,’
said
Lady
Wang.
‘But
asthey
say,
“marry
a
daughter,
throw
out
thewater”.
At
this
stage,
what
is
there
I
could
possdo?”Part
Two
Rendition
of
proverbs,
idiomsand
sayingsExample
19Original
version
(Chapter
80)你难道没听见人说’嫁鸡随鸡,嫁狗随狗’Translation:You
must
know
the
old
rhyme:When
rooster
crows
at
break
of
day,All
his
hen-folk
must
obey.Nochoice
for
a
dog’s
wife,But
to
makethe
best
of
a
dog’s
life.Part
Three
Rendition
of
four-characterproverbsPart
Three
Rendition
of
four-characterproverbsExample
20Original
version
(Chapter
1)
生的仪容不俗,眉目清秀,虽无十分姿色,却也有动人之处,雨村不觉看得呆了。Translation
She
was
an
unusually
good-looking
girl
with
arather
refined
face,
not
a
great
beauty,
by
anymeans,
but
with
something
striking
about
her.
Yucun
gazed
at
her
spellbound.Part
Three
Rendition
of
four-characterproverbsExample
21Original
version
(Chapter
1)
其中只不过几个异样女子,或情或痴,或小才微善,我纵然抄去,也算不得一种奇书。Translation
All
I
can
find
in
it,
in
fact,
are
a
number
of
femalconspicuous,
if
at
all,
only
for
their
passion
ororfor
some
trifling
talentor
insignificant
virEven
if
I
were
to
copy
all
this
out,
I
cannot
see
thwould
make
a
very
remarkable
book.Part
Three
Rendition
of
four-characterproverbsExample
22Original
version
(Chapter
1)
更可厌者,‘之乎者也’,非理即文,大不近情,自相矛盾Translation
‘what
makes
these
romances
even
more
detestableis
the
stilted,
bombastic
language—inanitiesdressed
in
pompous
rhetoric,
remote
alike
fromnature
and
common
sense
and
teeming
with
thegrossest
absurdities.Part
Three
Rendition
of
four-characterproverbsExample
23Original
version
(Chapter
1)消愁破闷Translation
A
more
effective
antidote
to
boredom
andmelancholyPart
Three
Rendition
of
four-characterproverbsExample
24Original
version
(Chapter
2)古人有言:‘百足之虫,死而不僵’。Translation
The
old
saying,
“
Thebeast
with
a
hundred
legs
ia
long
time
dying”?Part
Three
Rendition
of
four-characterproverbsExample
25Original
version
(Chapter
3
)
见雨村相貌魁伟,言谈不俗,且这贾政最喜的是读书人,礼贤下士,拯溺救危,大有祖风。Translation:
Yu-cun’s
imposing
looks
and
cultivated
speechmade
an
excellent
impression
on
Jia
Zheng,
who
wasin
any
case
always
well-disposed
towards
scholarsand
preserved
much
of
his
grandfather’s
affabiliwith
men
of
letters
and
readiness
to
help
them
inany
sort
of
trouble
or
distress.Part
Three
Rendition
of
four-characterproverbsExample
26Original
version
(Chapter
3
)
雨村笑道:“你也算贫贱之交了;此系私室,但坐不妨。”Translation
‘Come,’
said
Yu-cun,
‘
as
a
friend
of
my
early,hard-up
days
you
are
entitled
to.
After
all,
thisprivate
room.
Why
not?’Part
Three
Rendition
of
four-characterproverbsExample
27Original
version
(Chapter
3
)
自薛蟠父亲死后,各省中所有的卖买承局、总管、伙计人等,见薛蟠年轻不诸世事,便趁时拐骗起来,京都几处生意,渐亦销耗。Translation
This
circumstance,
coupled
with
the
fact
that,
since
theof
his
father,
the
managers,
clerks,
and
factors
of
the
fbusiness
in
its
various
agencies
throughout
the
provinceprofited
from
Xue
Pan’s
youth
and
ignorance
of
affairfeather
their
own
nests
at
the
then
firm’s
expense,
andthe
family
‘s
enterprises
in
the
capital,
of
which
thereseveral,
had
shown
a
gradual
falling-off.Part
Three
Rendition
of
four-characterproverbsExample
28Original
version
(Chapter
54
)
或紧或慢,或如残漏之滴,或如迸豆之急,或如惊马之驰。Translation
Sometimes
it
would
be
as
slow
as
the
last
dripsofwater-clock,
sometimes
asfastastherattleofdbeans
poured
froma
bag,
sometimes
it
would
gogalloping
along
like
a
runaway
horse.Part
Three
Rendition
of
four-characterproverbsExample
29Original
version
(Chapter
80)
只因薛蟠是天性“得陇望蜀”的,如今娶了金桂,又见金桂的丫头宝蟾有三分姿色,举止轻浮可爱,便时常要茶要水的,故意撩逗他。Translation
Xue
pan
was
in
some
respects
like
the
general
of
old
inwhom
‘conquest
did
but
breed
appetite
for
furtherconquest’,
for
when,
after
his
marriage
to
Jin-gui,
hediscovered
that
she
had
an
attractive,
rather
coquettishcalled
Moonbeam,
he
was
continually
calling
to
her
bringthings—cups
of
tea
and
the
like—so
as
to
have
an
opportof
flirting
with
her.Part
Three
Rendition
of
four-characterproverbsExample
30Original
version
(Chapter
80)
金桂道:“要做什么和我说,别偷偷摸摸的,不中用。“Translation
‘If
you
want
to
do
something,
why
don’t
you
tellme?”
she
said.’
All
this
groping
in
corners
wilget
you
nowhere.’Part
Three
Rendition
of
four-characterproverbsExample
31Original
version
(Chapter
80)
至午后,金桂故意出去,让个空儿与他二人,薛蟠便拉拉扯扯的起来。宝蟾心里也知八九了,也就半推半就。Translation
A
little
after
midday
Jin-gui
rather
pointedly
wein
order
to
leave
the
coast
clear.
Xue
Pan
lost
no
tin
setting
to
work
on
Moonbeam,
who,
since
she
nowhad
a
pretty
good
idea
of
her
mistress’s
intentioput
uponly
a
token
resistance
to
his
advances.Part
FourRendition
of
“xiao”
and“ku”PartFour Rendition
of
“xiao”
and“ku”Example
32Original
version
(Chapter80)
金桂冷笑道:“两个人的腔调儿都够使的了。别打量谁是傻子!“薛蟠低头微笑不语。宝蟾红了脸出去了。TranslationJin-gui
hooted
at
them
contemptuously.‘You
two
really
are
a
comedy!
You
must
think
I
aman
idiot’.Xue
pan
hung
his
head
and
laughed
sheepishly
andMoonbeam
fled
blushing
from
the
room.PartFour Rendition
of
“xiao”
and“ku”Example
33Original
version
(Chapter80)
宝钗笑道:“咱们家只知买人,并不知卖人之说,妈妈可是气糊涂了。倘或叫人听见,岂不笑话?哥哥嫂子嫌他不好,留着我使唤,我正也没人呢。Translation
Bao-chai
smilingly
expostulated.
‘People
like
us
donsell
servants,
Mamma,
we
only
buy
them.
I
think
anger
isinterfering
with
your
judgment.
What
would
people
thinkthey
heard
that
we
were
planning
to
sell
a
servant?
Theywould
laugh
us
to
scorn.
If
Pan
and
his
wife
are
dissatisfwith
Caltrop,
let
her
stay
here
and
work
for
me.
I
could
dwith
another
maid.’PartFour Rendition
of
“xiao”
and“ku”Example
34Original
version
(Chapter80)说着,宝玉焙茗都大笑不止。TranslationThis
set
Bao-yu
and
Tealeaf
off
into
fits
of
laughPartFour Rendition
of
“xiao”
and“ku”Example
35Original
version
(Chapter80)
王夫人把宝玉的言语笑述了一遍。贾政也忍不住的笑。Translation
Lady
Wang
gave
a
humorous
account
of
her
earlymorning
interview
with
Bao-yu
and
of
his
‘brilliaplan’,
which
despite
himself
Jia
Zheng
foundrather
amusing.PartFour Rendition
of
“xiao”
and“ku”Example
36
Original
version
(Chapter80)说着,又向小红笑道:“好孩子,难为你说的齐全,不像他们扭扭捏捏蚊子似的。--嫂子不知道,如今除了我随手使的这几个丫头老婆之外,我就怕和别人说话:他们必定把一句话拉长了,作两三截儿,咬文嚼字,拿着腔儿,哼哼唧唧的,急的我冒火,他们那里知道?
Translation:
She
smiled
graciously
at
Crimson.’You’re
a
clgirl,my
dear,to
have
got
it
all
right—not
like
the
simpering
lininnies
I
usually
have
to
put
up
with.
You
have
no
idea,
cousin,she
said,
turning
to
Li
Wan
again.
‘Apart
from
the
one
or
two
giand
one
or
two
older
women
that
I
always
keep
about
me,
I
justdread
talking
to
servants
nowadays.
They
take
such
an
interminatime
to
tell
you
anything—so
long-winded!
And
the
airs
and
gracthey
give
themselves!
And
the
simpering!
And
the
um-ing
and
ah-ing!
If
they
only
knew
how
it
makes
me
fume!PartFour Rendition
of
“xiao”
and“ku”Example
37Original
version
(Chapter80)迎春方哭哭啼啼,在王夫人房中诉委屈。Translation
Ying-chun
meanwhile
was
in
Lady
Wang’s
roomgiving
her
and
cousins
a
tearful
account
of
hermatrimonial
troubles.PartFour Rendition
of
“xiao”
and“ku”Example
38Original
version
(Chapter80)刚进了门,便放声大哭起来。Translation
The
instant
he
entered
the
door,
he
let
out
a
greatwail
and
burst
into
tears.PartFour Rendition
of
“xiao”
and“ku”Example
39Original
version
(Chapter80)
宝玉低着头,伏在桌子上,呜呜咽咽,哭得说不出话来。Translation
Bao-yu,
however,
was
already
slumped
over
the
tabsobbing
his
heart
out
and
far
too
distraught
toreply
to
her
questions.PartFour Rendition
of
“xiao”
and“ku”Example
40Original
version
(Chapter80)
那时黛玉耳内听了这话,眼内见了这光景,心内不觉灰了大半,也不觉滴下泪来,低头不语。Translation
The
palpable
evidence
of
her
own
eyes
and
ears
hadby
now
wrought
a
considerable
softening
on
Dai-yu’s
heart.
A
sympathetic
tear
stole
down
herown
cheek,
and
she
hung
her
head
and
said
nothing.Part
FiveRendition
of
vernacular
wordsand
expressionsPartFive
Rendition
of
vernacular
wordsand
expressionsExample
41Original
version
(Chapter
1)渐渐地露出了那下世的光景来TranslationTo
betray
the
unmistakable
symptomsof
a
declinPartFive
Rendition
of
vernacular
wordsand
expressionsExample
42Original
version
(Chapter
2)如今外面的架子虽没很倒,内囊却也尽上来了。Translation
Consequently,
though
outwardly
they
still
managto
keep
up
appearances,
inwardly
they
arebeginning
to
feel
the
pinch.PartFive
Rendition
of
vernacular
wordsand
expressionsExample
43Original
version
(Chapter
54)
贾母笑道:“并没有新鲜招笑儿的,少不得老脸皮厚的说一个罢。”Translation
‘I
don’t
know
any
good
new
ones,’
saidGrandmother
Jia.
‘I’ll
just
have
to
put
a
boldface
on
it
and
do
the
best
I
can.PartFive
Rendition
of
vernacular
wordsand
expressionsExample
44Original
version
(Chapter
54)
赵姨娘道:“你们请坐下,听我说。我这屋里熬油似的熬了这么大年纪。”Translation
‘Sit
down
both
of
you,
and
listen
to
me.
I’vegiven
thebest
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