2022年中考英语(百色专用)复习精讲教学案-专题7形容词和副词

专题七形容词和副词形容词词义及短语辨析(必考，选择填空、完形填空、选词填空考查)选择填空。(A)1.Whata________boy！Heworkedoutsuchadifficultmathproblem.A．cleverB．strongC．kindD．lazy(C)2.(2021南宁马山县一模)Theboyisso________thathecan'tkeephiseyesopen.A．tinyB．silentC．sleepyD．hungry(C)3.—Let'sdividetherubbishintodifferentkindsbeforethrowingitaway.—OK.It's________ustousesomeofitagain.A．thankfultoB．similartoC．goodforD．painfulfor(B)4.(2021海南改编)—Iseveryoneheretoday?—No.Twostudentsare________becausetheyhaveacold.A．angryB．absentC．activeD．healthy(C)5.(2021包头)Itisvery________forpassengerstousee－ticketswhentheyaretakinghigh－speedtrains.A．peacefulB．basicC．convenientD．natural(A)6.(2021凉山州)—WhatdoyouthinkofthemovieHi，Mom?—It'sso________thatIwanttowatchitasecondtime.A．wonderfulB．meaninglessC．naturalD．serious(B)7.(2021黔东南州)—Ialwaysfeel________whenspeakinginfrontofothers.—Takeiteasyandbebrave.A．surprisedB．nervousC．interestedD．different(C)8.(2021安徽)—TheChineselanguageismoreandmorepopular.—Exactly!It'sbecominga________languageskillintheinternationalcommunity.A．similarB．difficultC．necessaryD．traditional(C)9.(2021铁岭)—Youaregoingtogetmuchexercise.Areyou________that?—Ofcourse.Ipromisetokeepit.A．proudofB．thirstyforC．sureaboutD．interestedin形容词词义辨析主要在完形填空和选词填空中考查，以形容词的语境辨析为主，少量涉及易混形容词的用法辨析和形容词与enough、复合不定代词连用(2018、T28)的位置关系。1．形容词的语境辨析语境辨析更注重形容词在具体语境中的运用。在做此类试题时，学生首先应读懂句意，抓住题干中的关键信息。然后分析所给选项表达的含义，并结合生活常识及语境，辨别选项之间的差异，从而选出正确答案。2．易混形容词辨析(1)词义相对类形容词much许多；大量—little少量easy容易的；不费力的—difficult/hard困难的(2017、T51)happy愉快的；高兴的—sad悲哀的；难过的(2015、T54)young年轻的—old年老的(2020、T46)right正确的—wrong错误的(2)v.­ing形容词和v.­ed形容词(2021、T43)v.­ing形容词v.­ed形容词exciting令人兴奋的；使人激动的excited兴奋的；激动的frightening令人恐惧的；引起惊恐的frightened害怕的；受恐吓的interesting有趣的；引起兴趣的interested感兴趣的surprising令人惊讶的；出人意料的surprised惊讶的；感觉意外的tiring累人的tired疲倦的；厌倦的pleasing令人愉快的pleased感到高兴的；满意的moving令人感动的moved感动的relaxing令人放松的relaxed感到放松的注意：v.­ing形容词表示主动意义，多指事物对人的影响，一般修饰物。v.­ed形容词表示被动意义，多指人对事物的感受，主语一般是人。3．形容词短语辨析(详见《晨读背记手册》“形容词短语”)副词词义及短语辨析(必考，选择填空、完形填空、选词填空、单词拼写考查)选择填空。(A)1.(2021贵港覃塘区一模)—Myfather________watchesTV.HethinkswatchingTVisawasteoftime.—NeitherdoI.A．seldomB．oftenC．alwaysD．usually(A)2.(2021北海二模)—Becarefulwhenyouaredriving,________inarainstormlikethis.—Thanks,Iwill.A．especiallyB．exactlyC．seriouslyD．probably(D)3.Alwaystellyourparents________youaregoingand________youexpecttobehome.A．what；whereB．when；whereC．where；whatD．where；when(A)4.(2021十堰)—Youarenot________dressedfortheweather.—ButIfeelcomfortable.A．properlyB．heavilyC．directlyD．hardly(B)5.(2021襄阳)—Doesyoursisterspendhermoney________？—Yes,ofcourse.Sheknowswhattobuyandwhatnottobuy.A．quicklyB．wiselyC．badlyD．simply(A)6.(2021安徽)Thedancingteachergivesusinstructions________untilweareperfectineverymove.A．patientlyB．quicklyC．bravelyD．suddenly(A)7.(2021贵港)—Whattimeisitnow?—Ican'ttellyouthetime________，butIknowit'stoolate.A．exactlyB．suddenlyC．politelyD．wisely(C)8.—IamalittlenervouseverytimeItakeexams.—Don'tworry.Justtryyourbest.________，gradesarenoteverything.A．InthesamewayB．AsaresultC．AfterallD．Infact1．副词词义辨析(1)时间副词(表示时间的副词)时间副词(组)含义时间副词(组)含义ago以前now现在；如今before在……以前then在那时；当时after在……以后today今天；现今still仍然yesterday在昨天once曾经；以前tomorrow在明天atonce立刻；马上recently近来；最近immediately立即；立刻already(2016、T83)已经；早已justnow刚才early提早；在初期soon不久；很快finally(2019、T42)最后；终于suddenly突然地；忽然atfirst首先later后来；稍后atlast最后late晚；迟forever永远；长久地(2)地点副词(表示地点的副词)地点副词(组)含义地点副词(组)含义here这儿up(2015、T50)向上there那儿down向下left在/向左面back向后right在/向右面forward向前above在上面anywhere任何地方；无论何处below在下面everywhere到处inside在/向里面somewhere在某处；到某处outside在/向外面nowhere没有地方north/south/west/east在北(南/西/东)方；向北(南/西/东)方hereandthere到处；处处(3)程度副词(描述行为、动作或状态的程度的副词)程度副词(组)含义程度副词(组)含义much非常；很only仅仅；刚刚very非常；很；完全quite相当；十分so如此；这么rather相当；有点儿such如此even甚至too(2019、T50)非常；很mostly主要地；通常续表程度副词(组)含义程度副词(组)含义alot许多；大量almost几乎widely(2021、T82)广泛地；普通地especially(2015、T74)尤其(4)频度副词(描述一段时间内动作发生次数的副词)频度副词(组)含义频度副词(组)含义always总是；一直ever曾经often经常；时常seldom很少；不常usually(2017、T46)通常；经常weekly每周地sometimes有时everyday/week/month每天/周/月hardly几乎不once一次never(2014、T47)永不；绝不；从不twice两次(5)方式副词(描述动作发生方式的副词)方式副词含义方式副词含义angrily愤怒地politely客气地；委婉地carefully(2020、T28；2017、T74)小心地quickly迅速地；很快地easily(2014、T75)容易地slowly缓慢地；慢慢地happily快乐地；幸福地successfully成功地；顺利地(6)连接副词(连接句子或引导宾语从句的副词)连接副词(连接句子)含义连接副词(引导宾语从句)含义however(2018、T46)然而；可是when何时moreover而且；此外how怎样；如何otherwise否则；另外；在其他方面where在哪里therefore因此；所以why为什么(7)疑问副词(构成特殊疑问句)疑问副词(组)含义疑问副词(组)含义where在哪里why为什么when何时how怎么样what什么howmany多少howlong多长时间howsoon多久howoften多久一次howfar多远2.副词短语辨析(2015、T33)3．形容词、副词的混合辨析形容词、副词的混合辨析主要在选择填空和完形填空中考查。其考查角度主要有三个方面：(1)两个词的形容词和副词形式辨析(2021、T41；2020、T28)；(2)四个不同的形容词和副词的混合辨析(2018、T49)；(3)同根词的不同形式辨析。中考常考的形容词与副词混合辨析如下：easy与easily；quick与quickly；safe与safely；slow与slowly；heavy与heavily；bad与badly；quiet与quietly；loud与loudly；lucky与luckily注意：(1)有些以­ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词。如：lovely(可爱的；美丽的)，lively(生气勃勃的；鲜艳的)，lonely(孤独的；寂寞的)。(2)有些副词有两种形式，其中一种形式与形容词相同，另一种形式是在形容词后加­ly，意义有区别。常见的有：单词词性及含义单词词性及含义closeadj./adv.近的(地)closelyadv.密切地highadj./adv.高的(地)highlyadv.高度地freeadj./adv.免费的(地)freelyadv.自由地lateadj./adv.晚；迟latelyadv.近来deepadj./adv.深的(地)deeplyadv.深刻地nearadj./adv.邻近的(地)nearlyadv.几乎；将近hardadj./adv.努力的(地)hardlyadv.几乎不mostadj./adv.最mostlyadv.主要地wideadj./adv.宽阔的(地)widelyadv.广泛地形容词和副词的比较等级(2021/2020/2019/2018/2017/2016考，选择填空、完形填空、单词拼写考查)选择填空。(C)1.Thepinkdressismuch________thanthatblueone，soshewillbuythepinkone.A．cheapestB．expensiveC．cheaperD．themostexpensive(D)2.(2021贵港覃塘区一模)—Nowadayssquaredancehasbecomeoneof________exercisesforChinesegrandmas.—Iagree.It'sgoodforthem.A．popularB．morepopularC．mostpopularD．themostpopular(D)3.(2021玉林玉州区一模)High－speedrailwayshavedevelopedquicklyinourcountry.TodayChinahas________high－speedrailwaynetwork(铁路网)amongthecountriesintheworld.A．longB．longerC．longestD．thelongest(C)4.(2021营口)Creditcards(信用卡)matteralot________thanbefore.Weusuallypaywithsmartphonesnow.A．littleB．fewerC．lessD．more(B)5.(2021滨州)—Whatdoyouthinkofthiskindofclayart?—Great!Ihaveneverseena________one.A．beautifulB．morebeautifulC．muchbeautifulD．mostbeautiful(B)6.(2021贺州)Duringtheexam,________youare,________mistakesyou'llmake.A．themorecareful；thelessB．themorecareful；thefewerC．themorecareless；thelessD．themorecareless；thefewer(A)7.(2021天水)Ican'tkeepupwithhim.Heruns________thanme.A．muchfasterB．evenworseC．lesscarefullyD．morecarefully(B)8.(2021自贡改编)—Howdoyoulikeart?—It'sas________asothersubjects.Itcanhelpusdevelopasenseofbeauty.A．boringB．importantC．difficultD．serious(D)9.(2021阜新)Mikelives________fromschoolofallthestudents,sohealwaystakesabustoschool.A．farB．fartherC．furtherD．thefarthest(C)10.You'vedoneagoodjob，andI'msureyoucandoit________.A．worseB．worstC．betterD．best1．形容词、副词比较等级的构成(1)规则变化(2021、T43)规则变化构成例词一般单音节词加­er/­esttall—taller—tallest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词加­r/­stlarge—larger—largest以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词先双写末尾的辅音字母再加­er/­estbig—bigger—biggest以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的双音节词变y为i，再加­er/­esteasy—easier—easiest部分双音节词和多音节词在原级前加more/mostbeautiful—morebeautiful—mostbeautiful(2)不规则变化原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestbad/badlyworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther(指距离)/further(指程度)farthest(指距离)/furth­est(指程度)oldolder(指岁数大；东西旧)/elder(指年纪较长的)oldest(指岁数最大；东西最旧)/eldest(指年纪最长的)2.形容词、副词比较等级的用法句型含义例句A…＋as＋原级＋as＋B(2019、T32；2018、T32；2017、T33)A与B一样Thisbookisalmost/nearlyasthickasthatone.这本书和那本几乎一样厚。续表句型含义例句A…＋not＋as/so＋原级＋as＋BA不如BThisvillageisn'tas/sobigasthatone.这个村子没有那个村子大。比较级＋than(2020、T77)比……更(两者比较)Thesunisbiggerthantheearth.太阳比地球大。比较级＋and＋比较级(用于单音节词)越来越……Sheisgrowingfatterandfatter.她越来越胖了。moreandmore＋原级(用于多音节词)Ourcountryisbecomingmoreandmorebeautiful.我们的国家正变得越来越美好。the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……(2020、T34)越……，就越……ThebetterIknowhim，themoreIlikehim.我越了解他，就越喜欢他。less＋原级＋than不如……(两者比较)Theroomislessbeautifulthanthatone.这个房间没有那个房间漂亮。the＋比较级＋ofthetwo两者中更……Jimisthetallerofthetwo.在他们两人中，吉姆更高。the＋最高级＋of/in＋比较的范围(2016、T31)在……中最……(三者及以上比较)Iamtheearliestinmyclasseveryday.我每天都是我们班最早的。续表句型含义例句oneofthe＋最高级＋名词复数(2019、T31)最……之一(三者及以上比较)Thisisoneofthemostexpensivecarsintheworld.这是世界上最贵的车之一。the＋序数词＋最高级＋名词单数第几最……(三者及以上比较)ShanghaiisthefirstlargestcityinChina.上海是中国第一大城市。注意：(1)比较级前可用下列修饰语：even＝still更；much更；alittle＝abit有点；alot很；threetimes三倍；far非常等。如：Theboyismuchtallerthanbefore.这个男孩比以前更高了。(2)very，quite，rather，too，enough，so可以修饰形容词或副词原级。如：Thistripisveryinteresting.这趟旅行非常有趣。比较等级的运用口诀原级用在as…as间，比较级用在than前；and连接两个比较级，说明“越来越怎样”；三者以上最高级，副词前可不加the；still，even和much，比较级前“更怎样”；还有alot和alittle，也常修饰比较级。形容词和副词拼写(必考，单词拼写考查)用所给单词的适当形式填空。1．(2021常德)Paymuchattentiontoyourhandwriting.Youneedtowritecarefully(careful).2．TheboringmoviemakesmesoboredthatIcan'tstandwatchingitanylonger.(bore)3．(2021扬州)Thenextmorninghegotup__earlier(early)thanbeforetopractisefootball.4．(2021绥化)YangZhenningbecameinterested(interest)insciencewhenhewasayoungboy.5．Paulisheavier(heavy)thanhewastwoyearsago.6．(2021盘锦)InGretel'smind,Hanselwasthebravest(brave)personintheworld.7．(2021南京)Theweatherreportsaysitwillberainy(rain)fortwomoredays,andthenthesunwillcomeoutonTuesday.8．(2021常德)SomedayChangdewillbecomeasbusy(busy)asShenzhen.9．(2021泰州)Don'tbeimpatient(patient).We'resuretowinthefightagainstCOVID－19.10．(2021北部湾)Thepoliceusuallyhelppeopleoutofdangerous(danger)situations.单词拼写。11．Tinastudiesveryhardandalways(总是)getsgoodgrades.12．(2021南京)Itisnotpolite(礼貌的)tomaketoomuchnoisewhileeatingordrinking.13．(2021烟台)Theoldmanneverfeelslonely(孤独)becauseweoftengotovisithim.14．(2021常州)ZhangJingisthoughthighlyofbecauseofherperfect(完美的)translation.15．(2021梧州)Weshouldtryourbesttohelphomeless(无家可归的)people.16．Lilyisoutgoing(外向的)andgoodatmakingfriends.17．Youboughtthelasttickettotheconcert.Howlucky(幸运的)youare!18．(2021贵港)Sallyalwaysfeelsnervouswhenherteachersaskherquestions.19．Healthylivinghabitshelptokeepusawayfromillnesses.20．Thereisenoughfoodforeveryone.We'vebroughtmuch.分析百色近8年中考可知，形容词和副词的拼写为必考题型之一。下面就此类题型作简要的方法指导：1．汉语提示型所给汉语意思一般有两种情况：(1)直接带“的”的形容词(2021、T84；2020、T84；2019、T79；2016、T78&T80)或带“地”的副词(2021、T82)；(2)不带“的”或“地”，需根据句子结构来判断填形容词还是副词。2．单词(原形)提示型(2020新增)用所给词的适当形式填空，分两步走。首先确定空格处所填单词的词性(具体参考“3.首字母提示型”)。然后根据提示词或语境确定是否有词形变化，如：动词变动名词或过去分词(2021、T76&T77)、形容词变名词或副词(2021、T80&T82)、形容词或副词的比较级(2020、T77)、基数词变序数词(2020、T79)等。3．首字母提示型(2020年起取消此题型)(1)如何判断空格处填形容词：①位于系动词后作表语(2018、T82&T85；2017、T84；2016、T85)；②位于名词前作定语(2014、T85)；③位于复合不定代词之后，修饰不定代词；④位于宾语之后作宾语补足语，常与make，keep等动词连用。(2)如何判断空格处填副词：①实义动词之前或助动词、情态动词之后常用频度副词；②位于句首作状语，修饰整个句子；③修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。(2019、T82；2016、T83；2014、T83)◆形容词、副词语法失分点规避点拨与针对练失分点1确定所填单词为副词，不知如何变形例题：用所给单词的适当形式填空。1．Writeyourhomework________(careful).2．Thestudentslaughed________(happy).3．Mr.Jones，youdidthejob________(terrible).【点拨】1.careful属于最常见的一类形容词，变副词时直接在词尾加­ly，难度不大；2.happy是以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，变副词时，须改y为i，再加­ly。类似的词还有easy—easily，angry—angrily，heavy—heavily等；3.terrible是以辅音字母加e结尾的形容词，变副词时，须先去掉e，再加­y。类似的词还有simple—simply等(更多词汇详见《晨读背记手册》“词性转换集锦”)。建议学生对特殊形式变化的单词分类单独记忆。【对应练习】用所给单词的适当形式填空。1．Itisraining__heavily__(heavy)outside.2．Weshouldtalktoelderpeople__politely__(polite).3．Youshouldfaceyourfailure__bravely__(brave).4．Peterranfastand__suddenly__(sudden)felldown.失分点2确定填形容词、副词的比较级或最高级，不知如何判断使用的比较等级和如何变形例题：用所给单词的适当形式填空。1．Thisroomis________(big)thanthatone.2．It'sgettingmuch________(cold).Putonyourwarmclothes.3．Takemoreexercisesandyou'llbe________(good)atit.4．TheYangtzeRiveristhe________(long)riverinChina.【点拨】1.句中有明显的比较级标志词than，故此题应填big的比较级bigger，注意big变比较级时，须双写g，再加­er(对于此类以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节单词，学生要善于总结和积累，牢记掌握，避免失分)；2.much是程度副词，通常与比较级连用，类似的词还有even，far等。cold的比较级是直接加­er；3.此句是“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”结构，结合句意可知此处用比较级。good的比较级是better，属于不规则变化(形容词比较级的不规则变化，学生须单独记忆)；4.此句是“the＋最高级＋in＋比较的范围”的句型结构，结合句意可知此处用最高级，long的最高级是直接加－est。【对应练习】用所给单词的适当形式填空。1．Mybrotheris__stronger__(strong)thanme.2．Thedressismuch__cheaper__(cheap)now.Youcanaffordit.3．Work__harder__(hard)andyou'llgetmorechances.4．Alexplayschessas__well__(well)ashisfather.5．Whichdoyouthinkisthe__greenest__(green)waytotravel，cycling，drivingortakingabus？一、选择填空。(D)1.(2021鄂州)—Lucy,haveyouchangedamobilephonewith5G?—Yes,Ithinkthemobilephonewith5Gcansendvideosmuch________thantheonewith4G.A．fastB．fastestC．thefastestD．faster(A)2.(2021东营)Lifeisn'talwaysperfect,butit'suptoyoutomakeyourlife________．A．betterB．richerC．easierD．busier(D)3.(2021梧州)Thepriceofthispianoisalittle________．Ican'taffordit.A．cheapB．expensiveC．lowD．high(D)4.(2021河北)Pleasebepoliteand________offeryourseattopeoplewhoneedit.A．neverB．seldomC．sometimesD．always(C)5.(2021新疆)—DoyouknowthatTomisoneof________studentsinhisclass?—Yes,Ido.He'sas________asmybrother.A．thetallest；tallerB．tallest；tallerC．thetallest；tallD．tallest；tall(B)6.(2021大庆)Themore________youdrive,the________youare.A．careful；saferB．carefully；saferC．carefully；safelyD．careful；safely(D)7.(2021泸州)—Fishingisoneof________activitiesamongmanypeople.—Yes.Butnowit'snotallowedtofishintheYangtzeRiveraswellasotherrivers.A．popularB．morepopularC．mostpopularD．themostpopular(B)8.Tomstudies________，sohe________failstheexam.A．hardly；hardlyB．hard；hardlyC．hard；hardD．hardly；hard(B)9.Friendsoftenhelpus，especiallyduringthehardtime.Soweshould________themfortheirsupport.A.besorryforB．bethankfultoC．beinterestedinD．beexcitedabout(D)10.(2021北部湾)Openthew