专题一冠词代词介词 公开课教学设计

冠词、代词、介词冠词考点一考查不定冠词的用法1Instead,sheisearning￡6,500adayasmodelinNewYork.

【考点归纳】①用于单数可数名词前表示泛指意义。②在某些物质名词或抽象名词前加a/an,使之具有了“一”的概念,表示“一份,一阵,一场,一类,一种”等。如:acoffee,awonderfulsupper,asurprise,haveagoodknowledge/understandingof。③用于序数词前,表示“又一,再一”。如:athirdtry再试一次。④用于“a+most+形容词+名词”结构,此时,most意为“非常,很”。如:Idontknowwhoinventedthetelephone,butitsreallyamostwonderfulinvention.⑤用在某些固定词组中。如:haveacold,haveagoodtime,keepadiary,inahurry,onceinawhile,ataloss,forawhile,onceuponatime,allofasudden,dosbafavour,asamatteroffact。考点二考查定冠词的用法2Cornproductionhasjumpednearly125percentoverpast25years,whilericehasincreasedonly7percent.

【考点归纳】①特指某些人或事物。②表示世界上独一无二的事物的名词前一般加定冠词the;但如果名词前有修饰语,也可能用不定冠词a或an。如:theworld,apeacefulworld。③用在序数词、形容词的最高级前。④表示乐器的名词前一般用定冠词the,但前面如果出现定语修饰,也可能用不定冠词a或an。如:Heisplayingaborrowedviolin.⑤用于复数姓氏之前,表示“全家”或“夫妇”,或用于形容词或分词前,表示一类人或物。⑥用于表示朝代、年代的名词前或用于整十的数词前,表示某个年代或年龄段。如:inonesthirties,inthe17thcentury。⑦用在某些固定词组中。如:ontheright,bytheway,gotothecinema,onthecontrary,atthebeginning,intheend,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,totellthetruth等。■误区警示误区之一:冠词a与an的误用3Themobilephoneisbecomingusefultoolforustocommunicatewithothers.

[试题分析]a因为tool是单数可数名词,故前面应填不定冠词,表示“一种有用的工具”;又因useful虽以元音字母开头,但其读音却以辅音音素开头,故填a。此题易受元音字母u的影响而误填an。4AllmylifeIhavetriedtobehonestman.

[试题分析]an泛指“一个诚实的人”,用不定冠词;又因honest以元音音素开头,故填an。此题易受辅音字母h的影响而误填a。谨记:拼写以辅音字母开头,读音却以元音音素开头的单词,前面要用an如:hour,honest,honour拼写以元音字母开头,读音却以辅音音素开头的单词,前面要用a如:useful,university,usual,European,united,one-eyed,one-way误区之二:泛指与特指的误用5Idontknowwhoinventedthetelephone,butitsreallymostwonderfulinvention.

代词考点一考查人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的用法1WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustgladtofind(they)alive.

[试题分析]them考查代词。此句是“find+宾语+宾补”结构,作动词find的宾语应用代词的宾格形式。故填them。【考点归纳】人称代词、物主代词、反身代词的使用规则人称代词主格I,you,he,she,it,we,you,they人称代词宾格me,you,him,her,it,us,you,them形容词性物主代词my,your,his,her,its,our,your,their名词性物主代词mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,yours,theirs反身代词myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves考点二考查不定代词all,both,either,any,neither,none的用法2Itsaneither-orsituation—wecanbuyanewcarthisyearorwecangoonholidaybutwecantdo.

[试题分析]both句意:这是一个只能二选一的处境——我们可以在今年买一辆新车,或者去度假,但是我们不可能两件事都做。not…both是部分否定,意为“并非两者都……”。故填both。【考点归纳】both,all,either,any,neither,none的使用规则都任何一个都不(全部否定)部分否定两者botheitherneithernot+both三者或三者以上allanynonenot+all考点三考查不定代词other,another,theother,others,theothers的用法3Animportantqualityinaneighbourisconsiderationfor.

[试题分析]others此处介词for缺少宾语,应填名词或代词。根据句意“好邻居的一项重要品质就是为他人着想”可知此处填others,泛指“其他人”。【考点归纳】other(s),theother(s),another的使用规则theother,othertheother可单独使用,特指两个人或物中的“另一个”,也可修饰名词,表示“另外的……”;other不能单独使用,只能修饰名词,表示泛指意义another可单独使用,也可修饰名词,泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”,代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few+复数名词”形式,表示“另外的……(多少)”others,theothersothers单独使用,表示泛指意义,意为“其他的人或事物”,常与some一起出现;特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用theothers■误区警示误区之一:代词的“性”的误用5Shedidnothesitateforlong:althoughherfathersmokedapipeonlyonceinawhile,sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasboundtoplease.

6LarryasksBillandPetertogoonapicnicwithhim,butofthemwantsto,becausetheyhaveworktodo.

误区之三:代词的“格”的误用7MrsBrownsaidhellotoherfriends—Maryand(I).

介词考点一考查常见介词意义的活用1[2018·全国卷Ⅲ·语法填空](节选)IwassearchingthesethreewesternlowlandgorillasIdbeenobserving.

[试题分析]for考查介词。searchfor是固定搭配,意为“寻找”。故填for。考点二考查介词与名词、形容词和动词的搭配2Afterschoolsheplanstotakeayearofftomodelfull-timebeforegoingtouniversitytogetadegreeengineeringorarchitecture.

■误区警示误区之一:介词结构的搭配误用3Theveryloudnoisesentallthebirdsflyingalldirections.

[试题分析]in考查固定搭配。inalldirections是固定用法,意为“朝四面八方”,故填介词in。此题易受汉语的影响而误填to/towards。误区之二:介词to的误用4Helookedforwardnowandthento(see)afamiliarfaceinthecrowd.

[试题分析]seeing本题中nowandthen是插入语,lookforwardto意为“盼望,预期”,to是介词,后面要接形式,故填seeing。此题易受to的影响而误填see。以下词组中to是介词:bedevotedto致力于,忠诚于;be/become/getaccustomedto习惯于;getdownto着手做;leadto导致;objectto反对,不喜欢,不赞成;lookforwardto盼望;payattentionto注意;besimilarto和……相似;dueto由于,归因于……;befamiliarto为……熟悉;beseniorto年龄长于……;beequalto和……相等;owingto因为,由于。Ⅰ.单句语法填空cantsellthehouse.Itisnt(he);itsmine.

didnthave(I)ownroomtillmysisterleftforcollege.

wereeagertoseeLasVegasandall(it)attractions.

researchgroupproducedtworeportsbasedonthesurvey,butcontainedanyusefulsuggestions.

qualityofeducationinthissmallschoolisbetterthaninsomelargerschools.

averageofjustofrainfelllastyear,makingthedriestyearsinceCaliforniabecameastatein1850.

velivedinNewYorkandChicago,butdontlikeofthemverymuch.

sgrandmotherhadwantedtowritechildrensbookformanyyears,butonethingoranotheralwaysgotinway.

justheardbankwhereDoraworkswasrobbedbygunmanwearingamask.

canttellyouwaytotheWilsonsbecausewedonthaveWilsonhereinthevillage.

parentswereshockedbynewsthattheirsonneededoperationonhisknee.

littlepupiltookhisgrandmathearmandwalkedheracrossthestreet.

13.theproductionupby60%,thecompanyhashadanotherexcellentyear.

seriousstudyofphysicsisimpossiblesomeknowledgeofmathematics.

isinahurrybecausethetraintotheairportleaveshalfanhour.

Imnotsure1.ismorefrightened,meorthefemalegorilla(大猩猩)thatsuddenlyappearsoutofnowhere.ImwalkingonapathintheforestintheCentralAfricanRepublic.Unexpectedly,Imface-to-facewiththegorilla,whobeginsscreamingat2.topofherlungs.Thatmakesherbabyscream,andthena400-poundmaleappears.Hescreamsthe3.(loud)ofall.Thenoiseshakesthetreesasthemalebeatshischestandchargestowardsme.Iquicklylowermyself