社会工作专业英语 课件 chapter 11 Family Social Work、chapter 12 Resilience and Social Work Practice

FamilySocialWorkChapter11CatlogueI.IntroductiontoFamilySocialWorkII.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolenceIII.FamilySocialWorkwithDisadvantagedFamiliesIV.CaseExample【KeyPoints】1.Familysocialworkersaretheprofessionalswhoarehelpingfamiliesandindividualstogetthroughdifficulttimesandimprovethequalityoftheirlife.2.Familysocialworkersplayasignificantroleincopingwithdomesticviolenceissuesandreducingtheimpactofpoverty.SomeWesternsocialworkers’strategiescanbelocalizedinChina,suchasorganizinginterventionprogramsforperpetratorsandprovidingfreecounsellingservicestosurvivors.3.Collaborationisimportantinsocialworkerpractice.Familysocialworkersmayworktogetherwiththerapists,judges,childprotectionservicesprovidersandsoon.【Introduction】家庭社会工作是以家庭为中心，运用社会工作的理论与方法，为缓解家庭矛盾，完善家庭功能，而对家庭提供的服务。本章将简要介绍家庭社会工作的定义以及工作方法。对于家庭社会工作的实践将分为两个主题进行介绍，即对家庭暴力和贫困问题的介入。社会工作者在专业理论的指导下，通过适当的社会工作的方法，帮助家庭暴力的施暴者改变态度和行为模式。为受害者提供临时安全屋，法律援助，心理咨询等服务。对于贫困家庭及其所处社区，社会工作者调动资源以满足其基本生活需求，并致力于改进社区文化。本章将介绍美国，澳大利亚对这两个社会问题的应对措施，并探讨如何将西方经验本土化。I.IntroductiontoFamilySocialWorkFamilysocialworkersaretheprofessionalswhoarehelpingfamiliesandindividualstogetthroughdifficulttimesandimprovethequalityoftheirlives.Inthischapter,wewillfirstintroducethedailyresponsibilitiesoffamilysocialworkers.Then,howthefamilysocialworkers’respondtodomesticviolencerelatedissueswillbepresented,includingtheWesternsocialworkersstrategiesforaddressingthiscomplicatedsocialissue.Thesecondsub-topicinthischapterishowfamilysocialworkersinterveneindisadvantagedfamilies.Thecoresocialvaluesandsocialworkskillsrelatedtothistopicwillbediscussed.Finally,thereisacaseexampleusedtoexplainthesocialworkers’impactondomesticviolenceissues.I.IntroductiontoFamilySocialWorkTheDefinitionofFamilySocialWorkAsthebasicunitsofsociety,familieshavetheirownculturalvalues.Familiesprovideindividualssafety,securityandsupport.Familysocialworkthusisfoundedontheassumptionthatindividualsneedstrongandfunctionalfamiliestoprovideemotionalcohesion.Familysocialworkersaimtorepairorcreatenewfamilystructurestohelpfamiliesregaintheirstability.Familysocialworkersareexpectedtoimprovethequalityoflifeforfamiliesbyfindingresourcesandsolutionstotheirproblems.Theclientsoftencomefromfamilieswhichareincrisis,suchasthosewhoarebelowthepovertylevelorchronicallyunemployed.Moreover,somefamiliesmayhaveoneormorememberswhoareaged,disabled,orstrugglingwithotherissues.AtypicalworkdayforfamilysocialworkersintheU.S.canbehelpingclientsapplyforfoodstampsorfinancialassistance,findingemergencyhousing,locatingtherapistsorcounsellorsandsoon.I.IntroductiontoFamilySocialWorkDysfunctionalfamiliesneedspecialservicesfromfamilysocialworkers.Theseclientswillbeeducatedaboutwhathealthyfamilyinteractionlooklike.Socialworkerswillinterveneandcorrectdisrespectfulattitudesandbehaviorsamongfamilymembers(e.g.domesticviolence).II.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolenceDomesticviolenceisoneofthemostcommonareasthatsocialworkersencounter.Socialworkershaveworkedwithdomesticviolenceperpetratorsandsurvivorsfordecades.In2016,thefirstAnti-DomesticViolenceLawwasimplementedinmainlandChina.Thus,theChinesesocialworkershavemoreresponsibilitiestobuildbridgesbetweeninstitutionsandtheaverageperson,suchasraisingpublicawarenessonthisissueandhelpingsurvivorsnavigatethelegalsystem.II.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolence1.WhatisDomesticViolenceDomesticviolenceisdefinedas“apatternofbehaviorinanyrelationshipthatisusedtogainormaintainpowertocontroloveranintimatepartner”basedontheUnitedNationsdefinition.Domesticviolencephysical

violenceemotional

violenceverbal

violencefinancial

violencesexualviolenceII.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolenceTobetterunderstanddomesticviolenceissuesinChinesecontext,thedefinitiononthefirstAnti-DomesticViolenceLawisreferencedbelow.TheAnti-DomesticViolenceLawwasfirstimplementedin2016.Domesticviolencewaslegallydefinedas“physicalandmentalviolationscommittedbyfamilymembersthroughbeating,binding,maiming,restrictingpersonalfreedom,andfrequentabuseandintimidation”II.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolenceInaddition,inArticle27oftheAnti-DomesticViolenceLaw,thereisprotectionorderlegislation.Anindividualcanapplyforaprotectionorderwhenmeetingallthreerequirementsbelow:First,thereisaclearrespondent.

Second,thereisaspecificrequest.Third,theindividualhasexperienceddomesticviolenceorisinrealdangerofdomesticviolence.II.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolenceThesocialservicesondomesticviolenceissuesinChinahavedevelopedaftertheimplementationofthefirstAnti-DomesticViolenceLaw.However,theinterventionprograms,women’sshelters,legalaidandotherresourcesfordomesticviolencesurvivorsandperpetratorsarestilllimited.Therefore,thischapterwillintroducehowWesternsocialworkerssupportfamilieswhoarefacingdomesticviolenceissues.Then,wewilldiscusshowtotransferandlocalizetheirstrategiestoChina.ConsideringthefirstAnti-DomesticViolenceLawemphasizedphysicalandverbalabuse,thischapterwillreferencehowtheU.S.andAustraliansocialworkersdealwiththesetwospecifictypesofdomesticviolence.II.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolence2.FamilySocialWorkersandthePerpetrators2.1Perpetratorinterventionprograms

Perpetrator(alsocalledabuser,batterer,offenderinsomecountries)interventionprogramshaveemergedinWesterncountriesinthelate1970sand1980sinresponsetoviolenceagainstwomen.Theperpetratorprogramsarerehabilitationprogramsforindividualswhoareconvictedofdomesticviolenceoffensesinfamilycourt.Thus,theparticipantintheprogramiseithervoluntaryormandatedbyacourtorder(asanalternativetothecriminallegalapproach).

Theperpetratorinterventionprogramsaimtoeducateandrehabilitatetheabusers’socialfunctions,althoughtheseprogramsvarywidelyintheirdesign,content,andmannerofdelivery.Perpetratorinterventionprogramscanbedeliveredincommunitiesorcorrectionalcenters.Thedurationofprogramsmayvary,fromseveralweekstoyears.II.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolence2.2HowFamilySocialWorkersHelpthePerpetrators

Socialworkersplayanimportantroleininterventionprograms.Tobetterunderstandhowthesocialworkershelpthedomesticviolenceabusers,thissectionwillintroducetheinterventionprogramsinAustraliaandtheUnitedStatesandsocialworkersinterveninginthesetwocontexts.

II.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolence

TheintroductionoftheProgramsfordomesticandfamilyviolenceoffendersispresentedontheofficialwebsiteoftheDepartmentforCorrectionalServices,GovernmentofSouthAustralia.Therearetwoavailableprogramsforthedomesticviolenceperpetratorswhichareorganizedinbothcustodialandcommunity-basedsettings.ThesocialworkersandotherprofessionalswillusetheOntarioDomesticAbuseRiskAssessmenttoolatfirsttoevaluatetheperpetrators’behaviorsPerpetratorswhoscore5orabovecanenrolloneofthetwooptions.DomesticandFamilyViolenceInterventionProgram(DFVIP)FamilyViolenceProgramforAboriginalMenII.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolence

Thesetwoprogramsaimtohelpoffenderstakeresponsibilityfortheirbehaviorandunderstandtheseriousconsequencesoftheirviolentbehaviorontheirfamilymembers.Socialworkerswillhelptheparticipantstobehaveinasafeandrespectfulwayintheirintimaterelationships.Inaddition,thesocialworkerswillofferstrategiestohelptheparticipantsreplacetheirirrationalthoughtpatterns(e.g.jealousyandcontrolissues)withmorefunctionalthinking.Morespecifically,theinterventionprograminSouthAustraliawilltouchthefollowingareas:responsibilitytaking,dangerousthinking,cyclesofviolence,effectsforchildren,genderandpower,valuesandsexualrespect,aswellassafetyandself-managementplanning.II.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolence

SocialworkersintheU.S.respondtodomesticviolenceissuesdifferently.Theyaremorelikelytocooperatewithotherprofessionalsandengageinthelegalprocess.Thedefendant(perpetrator)willmeetaprobationcounselorandcommunity-basedcounselorsatfirstfordecidingthebesttreatmentforhim/her.Theperpetratorwillworkwithatreatmentteam,includingasocialworker(domesticviolencetreatmentprovider),avictimadvocate,asubstanceabusecounselorifneeded,andamentalhealthcounselorifneeded.Aftertheperpetratorsuccessfullyfinishestheprogram,he/shemustgotothereviewhearing.Thecourtwillcheckinwithboththeperpetratorsandthetreatmentteam.Thejudgewillevaluatetheperpetrators’progressbasedonthesocialworkers'andotherprofessionals'feedbackaswellastheperpetrator'sperformanceduringthehearingsII.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolence3.FamilySocialWorkersandtheSurvivors

Oneofthesignificantchallengesforfamilysocialworkersisprovidingimmediateandappropriatesupporttovulnerablepersons.Thishurdlebecomesevenmorecomplicatedwhenwomenandchildrendomesticviolencesurvivorsareinvolved.Thoughmanyeffortshavebeenmadetomitigatetheseverityofdomesticviolenceinthepastdecades,thereisstillasignificantamountofworkneededtobedonebysocialworkers.Thissectionwillintroducehowsocialworkersworkcollaborativelywithdomesticviolencesurvivorstoincreasetheirsafety.II.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolence

TheAustralianAssociationofSocialWorkerssummarizedthescopeofsocialworkpracticeindomesticviolencewithsurvivors(alsocalledvictims).Theyadvocatedthateveryonehasarighttoliveinahomeandsocietyfreeofviolence.Therefore,thescopeofsocialworkpracticeincludesalllevelsofviolencemanagementandinterventionprograms,includingindividualplanning,counselling,groupwork,communitydevelopment,policydevelopment,academicresearch,victimadvocacyandsoon(AustralianAssociationsofSocialWorkers,2008)Socialworkersinpracticedrawonabroadrangeoftheories,approachesandskillstoensurecomprehensiveassessmentondomesticviolenceissues,suchasbriefspecific-needsanalysesandholisticpsychosocialandriskassessmentofthesurvivors.II.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolenceWhensocialworkersrespondtodomesticviolenceissues,theynormallystartwithcrisisintervention.Thecrisisandriskassessmentsareconductedatfirst,thenthespecificsafetyplanningandriskmanagementprovidedtothesurvivor.Forexample,thesocialworkermayhelpthesurvivormovetoatemporaryemergencyshelter.Whenthesurvivorseparatesfromtheabuserandapplyforaprotectionorderordivorce.Socialworkerscanhelpthesurvivorsnavigatethelegalsystem.Morespecifically,includingcommunicatingwithpoliceofficersandotherrelevantauthoritiesaswellasfindinglegalaid.II.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolenceCounsellingandtherapeuticinterventionsisanothersubareaoffamilysocialworkerpractice.Counsellingandtargetedtherapeuticinterventionsaimtoempowerthedomesticviolencesurvivorsandhelptheirrecovery.Specializedtraumatherapymaybeprovidedtothemaswell.Socialworkersusegroupworktoempowerthevulnerableperson,suchaswomenandchildren’ssurvivors.Socialworkersworkwithcommunitiestochangepublicattitudesondomesticviolence.Forpolicydevelopmentandacademicresearch,socialworkersactivelyadvocatethedomesticviolencesurvivors’rightsbypolicysubmissionsandpeerreviewedjournalssubmissions,suchascreatingaspecificcriminalizationlaw.Socialworkersmayconsidercasemanagementandservicecoordinationincertaincontexts.Theclientscanbereferredtootherservices,suchassocialwelfareagencies.Inaddition,familysocialworkerssupportclientsinaccessingfinancialassistance,legalservices,andlonger-termsafeandaffordablehousing.II.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolence4.LocalizingFamilySocialWorkers’StrategiesinChineseContext

ThissectionpresentshowtheU.S.andAustraliansocialworkersinterveneinfamilieswithdomesticviolenceissues.Socialworkerscooperatewithotherprofessionals,suchasjudges,counsellors,staffintheshelterandsoon.Thecollaborationoftheprofessionalscanprovidemoreappropriateservicestobothdomesticviolenceperpetratorsandsurvivors.Thetreatmentteamcanhelptheperpetratorschangetheirattitudestowardsgenderequality,behaviorpatternstotheirpartners,andcorrecttheirparentingstyles.Asforthemostvulnerablesurvivors(womenwithoutindependentincomeandchildrenwhowitnessdomesticviolencebetweentheirparents),socialworkerstransferthemtoemergencyshelterstoseparatefromabusers.Then,freelegalaidandcounsellingservicesareavailabletothesesurvivorswhichcanhelpthemrecoverfromthetraumaticexperiences.II.FamilySocialWorkersandDomesticViolenceTheseintervenestrategiescanbetransferredtoChinesesocialworkpractice.Inaddition,thetraditionalChineseculture(e.g.patrilineal

andpatriarchy

culture)shouldbeconsideredwhensocialworkersworkwithfamilieswhohavedomesticviolenceissues.Inaddition,socialworkersneedtoadvocategenderequalityinthecommunities.III.FamilySocialWorkwithDisadvantagedFamilies

Povertyalleviationisasignificantandongoingconcernforfamilysocialworkers.JamesKelly,thepresidentoftheNationalAssociationofSocialWorkers,indicatedthatthisisoneofthecorecompetenciesofsocialworkers.Hefurtherexplainedthat“Socialworkers,asthesocialsafetynetofmanycommunities,havetheuniquetrainingandeducationtoworkwithindividualswhiletheymakeeffortstobecomeeconomicallyself-sufficient.Itisoneoftheprofession’smostnotableaccomplishmentstoworkwiththosewhoarelessfortunateandtoprovidethemwiththeresourcesandsupporttorightthemselves”III.FamilySocialWorkwithDisadvantagedFamilies1.SocialworkvaluesandpovertyFamilysocialworkersalwaysworkwithdisadvantagedfamilies,especiallyfamilieswhicharelivinginpoverty.Povertyadverselyinfluencesindividuals’livesinmultiplewaysandcanbecompoundedbybothstructuralandindividualfactors.Itcanimpactcognitive,social,andbehavioraldevelopment,healthydiet,parentalmentalhealth,andparentalconflict.Inaddition,povertycannegativelyaffecttheindividual’ssenseofworth.Disadvantagedfamiliesmayexperiencesocialexclusionwhichfurtherdisempowersthemfromgettinginvolvedinissuesaffectingtheirlives.III.FamilySocialWorkwithDisadvantagedFamiliesSocialworkershavethesocialresponsibility,corevalues,andappropriatetrainingtointerveneandalleviatpoverty.Morespecifically,socialworkers'valuesandethicalprinciplesincludeupholdingandpromotinghumandignityandoverallwell-beingaswellasdistributingresourcestochallengeunjustpractices.III.FamilySocialWorkwithDisadvantagedFamilies2.HowFamilySocialWorkersInterveneImpoverishedfamilies2.1MeetingtheDisadvantagedFamilies'BasicNeeds

Maslow’sHierarchyofNeedsindicatesthatphysiologicalneedsarethemostessentialfactorsinthequalityofanindividual'slife,includingfood,housing,andclothes.Thus,familysocialworkersareexpectedtorespondimmediatelytothesebasicneedsoftheclientswhoarelivinginseverepoverty.Thesebasicneedscanbemetbyfindingresourcesintheircommunities,connectingassistanceprograms,andofferingservicestofilldeliverygaps.Thefamilysocialworkerscanhelptheirclientstostoplivinginsurvivalmodeandbeginplanningforfutureemployment.III.FamilySocialWorkwithDisadvantagedFamilies2.2AdvocatingfortheImpoverished

Familysocialworkerscanprovideadvocacyservicesforclientswhocannotspeakupforthemselvestoobtainresourcesfromsocialinstitutionsandgovernmentagencies.Forexample,theclientswhoaresufferingfrommentalhealthissues,orwhohavephysicaldisabilities,andsomeotherdifficultiescannotadvocatefortheirbasicneedsthemselves.

Thus,familysocialworkersrepresentthesedisadvantagedpeopletocommunicatewithothersocialservicesproviders.Familysocialworkersmayworkonbehalfofaclienttolocatecommunityresources,suchasfoodpantriesfromchurchandgovernmentaffiliated

agencies(freefood).Thisisonecrucialprocessofsocialworkpovertyinterventions.III.FamilySocialWorkwithDisadvantagedFamilies2.3PolicyFormulationandDevelopment

Asfrontlineserviceproviders,socialworkerscloselyconnectedwithimpoverishedpeople.Thus,familysocialworkersareinapositiontounderstandpovertyandrelatedsocialissuesindepth.Theycanbringthegroundrealitiesofcertaincontextsorsubgroupstotheconcernedauthorities.

Socialworkershavedirectlyandindirectlyengagedinpolicyformulationanddevelopmentinmanycountriesinthepastdecades.Theyachievedthisgoalinvariousways,suchasparticipatinginpoliticalactionsandcommunityorganizations.TheUSsocialworkersmay“joincommitteesorworkdirectlywithelectedofficialstodiscusscommunityneedsortosuggestpossiblechangestospecificsocialpoliciesthataffectthepoor”.Inaddition,socialworkersmayorganizecommunityfundraiserstoinfluencesocialpolicies.III.FamilySocialWorkwithDisadvantagedFamilies2.4CommunityEducationandActivities

Socialworkerseducatedisadvantagedfamiliesandtheircommunitiestochangetheirlivingcontext.Forexample,poorneighborhoodsarealwaysaffectedbydrugaddition,domesticabuseandlimitededucationaccess.

Thus,tochangetheconditionoftheneighborhoods,socialworkershelptochangeresidents’attitudes,behaviorpatterns,andtheenvironmentaroundthem.Furthermore,socialworkersprovidetheunemployedadultsjobtraining.IV.CaseExample1.BasicInformationoftheSelectedCaseKellyisamiddle-agedwomanwhoislivinginaruralareainSouthAustralia.Shehasexperiencedseverephysicalviolence(brokenbones)andverbalabusefromherpartnerforseveralyears.Sheislivinginapoorneighborhoodwithlimitedsocialservices.Kellycriedatthefearandlowself-worthshefeltafterbeingabusedbyherpartner.Severalfactorsinfluenceherdecisiontostayorleavetheabusiverelationship,includinghousing,herchildren’ssafety,andtheconservativecultureofthelocalcommunity.IV.CaseExampleConsideringthesedifficulties,Kellytriedtoseekhelpfrominformalsourcesinthefirstinstance(familyandfriends).However,shewasjudgedandblamedbyherrelativesforherpartner’sabuseandshewasforcedtostayintheabusiverelationship.Shesaid“Iwastooterrifiedtomoveonbecauseofthekids.Mypartnerusedtosaytomethingslike,youcouldn’tsupportthefamilyasIcould.IamashamedthatIwasstupidenoughtostayintherelationshipforadecade.Ishouldneverhavedoneit.”Finally,shedecidestocontactthelocaldomesticviolenceagencydirectlyforprofessionalassistance.IV.CaseExample2.TheClient’sBasicNeedsTheeffectsofdomesticviolenceonchildrenshouldbeevaluatedbyprofessionals.Childprotectionservicesmaybeinvolvedifneeded.Theperpetrator’scommunicationskills,behaviorpatterns,andparentingstyleshouldbechanged.Kelly’sBasicNeedsKellyandherchildrenneedanemergencysheltertoseparatefromtheperpetrator.Shealsoneedssomespecialservicesfromlocalpsychologistsorgeneralistfamilycounselors.IV.CaseExample3.InterventionForthesurvivor:oneshelterinSouthAustraliawasfoundedwhichservesdomesticviolencesurvivorsages16andolderandtheirdependentchildren.ThesocialworkerdrivesKellyandherchildrentotheshelterandcommunicateswiththetrainedandcompassionatestaffintheshelter.Thisconfidentialdomesticviolenceshelterofferssupportiveindividualcounseling,legalandcourtadvocacy,assistanceinapplyingforprotectionorders,andafocusgroupforsurvivors.Thisshelteralsoappliesatrauma-informedmodelinthefocusgrouptohelpsurvivorsdealingwithchildcustodyandco-parenting-relatedissues.IV.CaseExample3.Intervention

Fortheperpetrator:Fortheperpetratorswhoarenotsufferingfrommentalhealthissuesanddrugoralcoholaddiction,theirabusivebehaviorisoftenmotivatedbytheunconsciousorconsciousdesiretocontroltheirpartners(survivor).Kelly'shusbandbelongstothissubgroup.Thus,thefamilysocialworkersendshimtoabattererinterventionprogramfortreatment.BattererInterventionprogramsareasignificantpartofacomprehensiveapproachtodomesticviolence.Theaimsofthistreatmentareeducatingtheperpetratorstodevelopempathyfortheirvictims,identifyingandself-monitoringnegativethoughts,andinterruptingthenegativeself-talkwhichalwaysproceedsabusivebehaviors.Topreventfurtherabuse,thebattererprogramalsoeducatestheperpetratorsongenderequalityandaddressesabusers’accountabilityTheprogramaimstoimprovetheperpetrators’non-abusivecommunicationskills.IV.CaseExample3.Intervention

Theinterventionprogramrunsaround24weeks.Morespecifically,theNewYorkModelwillbeappliedinthebattererinterventionprogram.It

holdstheopinionthat“battererinterventionprogramscannottreat,cure,orrehabilitatemenwhoabusewomen.Itinsteadstatesthatdomesticviolencehasitsrootsin

sexismandthetraditionalviewsofpatriarchy,whichareslowlyshifting,andthatonlybyalteringtheseviewswillamanbeabletochange.Theprogrammodeldoesallowthatsomemenareabletochange,astheDuluthmodeldoes,butonlywhenthesocietalattitudesandbeliefsthatallowattitudesofsexismandmaledominancetocontinuealsochange.Thismodeldoesnotsupportanycontactwiththevictimanddoesnotbelievethatvictimsshouldbegivenfalsehopeabouttheeffectivenessofinterventionprograms.”(“BattererIntervention”,2019)IV.CaseExample3.InterventionForthechildren:Childrenwhohaveexperiencedorwitnesseddomesticviolencearealldirectvictims.ThesocialworkerwhoarelicensedtoprovidecounselingcommunicateswithKelly’schildren.Childrenvictimsnowunderstandthattheyarenotaloneandnothingtheyhaveexperiencedistheirfault.Communitytraining:Domesticviolenceisprevalentworldwideandmorelikelytohappeninpoorneighborhoods.Raisingpublicawarenesstowardsanti-domesticviolenceinitiativesiscrucial.Socialworkersthusprovidecommunitytrainingstoeducatethelocalresidentsonthedynamicoffamilyviolence,suchaswarningsignsofabuseandtypesofabuse.Inaddition,socialworkersinformtheresidentsoftheirsocialservicesoptions.IV.CaseExample4.TerminationThesocialworkerplannedoutaterminationwhenshefoundtheperpetratorimprovedhiscommunicationskillsandchangedhisbehaviorpatterns.Moreover,thewomensurvivorandherchildrenhavereceivedaprotectionorder.Theco-parentingplanafterdomesticviolencewassupportedbyaknowledgeablelawyer.IV.CaseExample5.EvaluationInsum,theperpetrator’sbehaviorpatternhasbeenchanged.Hecancommunicatewithhispartnerandchildreninacompassionateway.Theprofessionalsalsohelpedthewomensurvivor(Kelly)andherchildrentomanagetheirtraumaticstress.Therefore,thefamilyrelationshipshavebeenimproved.【ChapterSummary】Thischapterbrieflyintroducedwhatfamilysocialworkisandhowthesesocialworkersintervenewiththefamilieswhoarefacingdifficulties.Morespecifically,thischapterexplainedhowsocialworkersworkwithdomesticviolenceperpetratorsandsurvivorsandhowtosupportimpoverishedfamiliesandcommunities.Tobetterunderstandsocialworkpractice,thecaseexamplepresentsfamilysocialworkersexperiencesinHongKongduringthepandemic.Morespecificallythenewchallengesrelatedtoisolationandremoteservicesdeliverythatsocialworkersfaced.【Glossary】Familysocialwork（家庭社会工作）：以家庭为本的社会工作介入，即动员社会及家庭资源，促进家庭正常运转及发展的社会福利服务。Domesticviolence（家庭暴力）：家庭暴力是指在家庭关系中发生的一切暴力行为。《中华人民共和国反家庭暴力法》将家庭暴力界定为家庭成员之间以殴打、捆绑、残害、限制人身自由以及经常性谩骂、恐吓等方式实施的身体、精神等侵害行为。按照表现形式划分，可分为身体暴力、情感暴力、性暴力和经济控制；按照受害者类型划分，可分为：亲密伴侣暴力、儿童暴力、老年人暴力。【Glossary】术语Familylifecycle（家庭生命周期）：是家庭依照一定的轨道形成、发展、分裂出新的家庭，直至母家庭消亡的全过程。在家庭生命周期过程中，母家庭孕育子家庭并消亡，家庭继续得以延续。家庭生命周期是乡村社会学者在20世纪三十年代初期发展出来的概念，用来描述家庭的结构、组成以及行为的改变。

TheSatyafamilytreatmentmodel（萨提亚家庭治疗模式）：是由美国著名的家庭治疗师弗吉尼亚·萨提亚总结提出来的。这一理论假设主要包括对人的理解、对困难的理解和对家庭的理解，它相信:人是拥有快乐生活的各种能力和资源的，导致人出现问题的原因是其错误的应对方式，对每个人来说家庭都是非常重要的。萨提亚家庭治疗模式要求社会工作者在治疗过程中不是关注家庭成员的病症表现，而是注重考察家庭成员的困难应对方式，通过改善家庭成员的沟通方式和家庭规则，提高家庭成员的自尊和自我价值感。【DifficultSentences】1.Theviolentbehaviorsthusincludefrightening,intimidating,manipulating,humiliating,blaming,injureandsoon.因此，暴力行为包括恐吓,操纵，羞辱，责备，伤害等。2.Thus,theparticipantintheprogramiseithervoluntaryormandatedbyacourtorder(asanalternativetothecriminallegalapproach).因此，暴力行为干预的参与者要么是自愿的，要么是由法院强制要求参加的（作为刑事起诉的替代方案）。3.Thesebatterer’sprogramsmightbeadefendant’sprobationorpretrialdiversionindifferentjurisdictions.在一些司法系统中，暴力行为干预作为被告的缓刑或审前改造措施。4.Theperpetratorinterventionprogramsaimtoeducateandrehabilitatetheabusers’socialfunctions,althoughtheseprogramsvarywidelyintheirdesign,content,andmannerofdelivery.尽管暴力干预模式的设计，内容和工作方式不同，宗旨都是教育并恢复施暴者的社会功能。【DifficultSentences】5.Disadvantagedfamiliesmayexperiencesocialexclusionwhichfurtherdisempowersthemfromgettinginvolvedinissuesaffectingtheirlives.贫困（弱势）家庭可能会遭受社会排斥，使得他们无法参与和生活息息相关的其他社会议题。6.Morespecifically,socialworkers'valuesandethicalprinciplesincludeupholdingandpromotinghumandignityandoverallwell-beingaswellasdistributingre