2022届初中英语二轮复习语法专项讲解训练被动语态

PAGE被动语态【五种基本句型】①主谓（无被动语态）②主谓宾③主+谓+间宾+直宾④主+谓+宾+宾补⑤主系表（无被动语态）被动语态被动语态的基本结构为：be+done各种时态的主动、被动语态的结构如下表（以动词do为例）：时态主动语态被动语态一般现在时do/doesam/is/are+done一般过去时didwas/were+done现在进行时am/is/are+doingam/is/are+beingdone现在完成时have/has+donehave/has+beendone一般将来时will/shall/begoingto+dowill/shall/begoingto+bedone过去进行时was/were+doingwas/were+beingdone过去将来时would/should/begoingto+dowould/should/begoingto+bedone含有情态动词can/may/must+docan/may/must+bedone一．被动语态的用法：在被动语态中，主语是动作的承受者，主要用于下列几种情况：（1）不知道动作的执行者是谁。如：ThiswatchismadeinChina．（2）没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁。如：Moretreesmustbeplantedeveryyear．。（3）需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如：Chineseisspokenbymoreandmorepeopleintheworld．（4）句子的主语是动作的承受者。如：Manyhouseswerewashedawaybythefood．二、主动语态和被动语态的转换1．主动语态变为被动语态（1）要将主动句里的宾语变为被动句中的主语，若主动句中的宾语是人称代词，要将宾语变成主格。（2）把主动句中的主语变为被动句中的宾语，主格变成宾格，并用by引导。（3）谓语动词变成相应的被动形式。主动语态：动作执行者+谓语动词主动形式+动作承受者被动语态：动作承受者+谓语动词被动形式+动作执行者如：WeaskedhimtosinganEnglishsong．(变为被动语态)→HewasaskedtosinganEnglishsongbyus．2．带双宾语的谓语动词变为被动语态谓语动词带双宾语时，既可以将间接宾语转化成主语，也可以将直接宾语转化为主语。若将间接宾语转化为主语，则保留直接宾语；若将直接宾语转化为主语则保留间接宾语，且在被保留的间接宾语前加上介词to或for。如：Shegavemeabook．(变为被动语态)→Iwasgivenabookbyher．(间接宾语me改为了主语)Abookwasgiventomebyher．(直接宾语abook改为了主语)3．动词短语变为被动语态许多由动词和介词、副词构成的动词短语相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，也可以有被动语态。在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的介词或副词。如：Weshouldspeaktooldmenpolitely．(变为被动语态)Oldmenshouldbespokentopolitely．(to不可省略)4．带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态宾语加上宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。变被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动句的主语，宾语补足语保留在原处，成为主语补足语。如：IheardJaneplayingthepianoinherroom．(变为被动语态)→Janewasheardplayingthepianoinherroom．5．变被动语态后动词形式的选择主动句中在感官动词see，hear，watch，feel，notice等，及使役动词let，make，have等后跟省略to的不定式，变为被动句时，应加上不定式符号to。如：Hemakesthegirlstayathome．（变为被动语态）→Thegirlismadetostayathomebyhim．练习：1.Thedoorofherroom_________everyday.A.arenotcleaned B.notarecleanedC.isnotcleaned D.notiscleaned2.Norubbish_________forthreeweeks.A.collected B.iscollectedC.hascollected D.hasbeencollected3.By1980thebridge_________.A.wascompleted B.hadbeencompletedC.hasbeencompleted D.havebeencompleted4.Anotherrailwaybridge_________therenow.A.isbuilding B.isbeingbuiltC.isbuilt D.hasbeenbuilt5.Hetoldmethatthecomposition_________byhim.A.w