2023高二英语外研版新教材选择性必修二全册课文原文（精校）

（2019外研版）选择性必修二全册课文Unit1GrowingupUnderstandingideasTheAgeofMajorityInmostcountries,turning18marksthestartofadulthood.Butwhatdoesreachingthismilestone,theageofmajority,reallymean?Willyoubecompletelyinchargeofyourownlifeandbeabletoexpressyourselfinnewandexcitingways?Whatnewresponsibilitieswillthisfreedombring?Here,youngpeopletelluswhatturning18means，ormeant,tothem.Bethany16,Victoria,AustraliaIcan’twaittobe18.Forinstance,I’vebeenworkingeversinceleavingschool,andyetIwon’tbevotinginthenextelection.Why?BecauseIstillwon’tbeoldenough.Surely,ifyou’reoldenoughtoearnawageandpaytaxes,youshouldbeallowedtohaveasayonhowthegovernmentspendsthem!I’vealsobeentakingdrivinglessons,andinfactIwillbetakingmydrivingtestontheverydayIturn18.Mymumworriesaboutmebeingbehindthewheel.Asanambulancedriver,she‘sseenalotofcaraccidentsinvolvingteenagersandthinksthelegalageforgettingadrivinglicenceshouldbe21.BurIthinkI’malreadymatureenoughtounderstandthatdrivingacaralsomeanstakingresponsibilityformylifeandthelivesofotherpeople.LiNing19,Shanghai,ChinaIcelebratedmy18thbirthdayjustbeforeIwenttouniversity.Iexpectedtofeelinstantlydifferent,asifIhadclosedthedooronmychildhoodandsteppedintoawholenewadultworld.Butitwasn’tlikethat.WhenIwokeupthenextday,therewerestillrulestoobeyandlessonstoattend.Infact,thechangehasbeenmoresubtleandgradualthanIimagined.InsteadofbeingtheselfishteenagerIusedtobe,Ihavebeguntofeelmoreawareofotherpeopleandtodevelopastrongersenseofsocialresponsibility.Togiveanexample,Iwillbesigninganorgandonationagreementthistimetomorrow.ThiswasabigdecisionformeandImadeitwithoutaskingmyparents(althoughIknewtheywouldapprove).Turning18alsochangedthewaythatsocietyviewedme.Iwasreallysurprisedwhenabankcontactedmewithacreditcardoffer.Ofcourse,IwouldliketohavemorefreedomwithmoneyanddoubtIwillbegettingacreditcardatsomepoint,butIcurrentlydon’thaveasteadyincome,sogettingacreditcardmighttemptmetospendmoremoneythanIhave!Morgan20,Florida,theUSPeoplesaythat18marksanewchapterinourlives,andthatweshouldbecomemoreindependent.Iusedtobelievethis,buttherealityformehasbeenverydifferent.IassumedI’dalreadyhaveawell-paidjobandthatI’dbemovingintoarentedapartmentassoonasIturned18,buthowwrongIwas!Mylibrarian’ssalarymeansthatI’llbelivingwithmyparentsforawhilelonger.BecauseIcontributetothehouseholdbillsandmycommutetoworkisquiteexpensive,Ifindithardtosaveanymoney.I’llbestartinganewjobnextmonth,however,somaybethingswillgeteasier.IknowIcouldgetabankloantopaythedepositonmyveryownapartment,butIdon’tfeelreadytomakethatkindofcommitment,andIdolikemymom’scooking.Iguesssomeresponsibilitiesaremoreaboutattitudethanage.DevelopingideasTheLittlePrinceOncewhenIwassixyearsoldIsawamagnificentpictureinabook,calledTrueStoriesfromNature,abouttheprimevalforest.Itwasapictureofaboaconstrictorintheactofswallowingananimal.Hereisacopyofthedrawing.Inthebookitsaid:“Boaconstrictorsswallowtheirpreywhole,withoutchewingit.Afterthattheyarenotabletomove,andtheysleepthroughthesixmonthsthattheyneedfordigestion.”Ipondereddeeply,then,overtheadventuresofthejungle.AndaftersomeworkwithacoloredpencilIsucceededinmakingmyfirstdrawing.MyDrawingNumberOne.Itlookedlikethis:Ishowedmymasterpiecetothegrown-ups,andaskedthemwhetherthedrawingwasfrightening.Buttheyanswered:“Frightening?Whyshouldanyonebefrightenedbyahat?”Mydrawingwasnotapictureofahat.Itwasapictureofaboaconstrictordigestinganelephant.Butsincethegrown-upswerenotabletounderstandit,Imadeanotherdrawing:Idrewtheinsideoftheboaconstrictor,sothatthegrown-upscouldseeitclearly.Theyalwaysneedtohavethingsexplained.MyDrawingNumberTwolookedlikethis:Thegrown-ups’response,thistime,wastoadvisemetolayasidemydrawingsofboaconstrictors,whetherfromtheinsideortheoutside,anddevotemyselfinsteadtogeography,history,arithmeticandgrammar.Thatiswhy,attheageofsix,Igaveupwhatmighthavebeenamagnificentcareerasapainter.IhadbeendisheartenedbythefailureofmyDrawingNumberOneandmyDrawingNumberTwo.Grown-upsneverunderstandanythingbythemselves,anditistiresomeforchildrentobealwaysandforeverexplainingthingstothem.SothenIchoseanotherprofession,andlearnttopilotaeroplanes.Ihaveflownalittleoverallpartsoftheworld;anditistruethatgeographyhasbeenveryusefultome.AtaglanceIcandistinguishChinafromArizona.Ifonegetslostinthenight,suchknowledgeisvaluable.Inthecourseofthislife,Ihavehadagreatmanyencounterswithagreatmanypeoplewhohavebeenconcernedwithmattersofconsequence.Ihavelivedagreatdealamonggrown-ups.Ihaveseenthemintimately,closeathand.Andthathasn’tmuchimprovedmyopinionofthem.WheneverImetoneofthemwhoseemedtomeatallclear-sighted,ItriedtheexperimentofshowinghimmyDrawingNumberOne,whichIhavealwayskept.Iwouldtrytofindout,ifthiswasapersonoftrueunderstanding.But,whoeveritwas,wouldalwayssay:“That’sahat.”TheIwouldnevertalktothatpersonaboutboaconstrictors,orprimevalforests,orstars.Iwouldbringmyselfdowntohislevel.Iwouldtalktohimaboutbridge,andgolf,andpoliticsandneckties.Andthegrown-upswouldbegreatlypleasedtohavemetsuchasensibleman.(ExcerptfromTheLittlePrincebyAntoinedeSaint-Exupery)Unit2ImprovingyourselfUnderstandingideasSocialMediaDetoxModeratorTodaymarksthelastdayoftheSocialMediaDetox,BrentonHigh’sfundraisingcampaignfornewsportsequipment.Atthestartofthedetox,over100studentshadbeenpersuadedtostopusingsocialmedia,inANYform,forsevendays.Thismeantnomessagingfriends,nopostingphotos,nobloggingnothing.Theyhadbeenpromisedmoneybyfamilyandfriendsforeachdayspentwithoutusingsocialmedia.Theywerenervous.Butcouldtheydoit?Withthedetoxfinished,they’veswitchedontheirdevicesandthey’rebackonline.Ibetyou’reaseagerasIamtofindoutjusthowmanyhavebeenmotivatedenoughtolastthefullsevendays!Andwhat,ifanything,havebeenlearntfromtheexperience?Anna17Ilastedtwodays.ThedetoxwasmoredifficulttotoleratethanIhadexpected.IfeltlikeIhadlostanarm!Noteatingfortwodayswouldhavebeeneasier!Butonreflection,Icanseehowmuchofmytimehadbeenoccupiedwithcheckingmyphone.I’mnowtryingtospendlesstimeonlineandmoretimepickingupmyhobbies.Devon16Ilastedfourdays.OnMonday,ourclassmateandIspokeaboutwhatwedidattheweekend—itfeltstrangenottoalreadyknowwhathehaddone.Wewouldhavepostedpicturesandupdatedourprofiles.Doingthedetoxmeantwehadtotalkandexplainwhatweweredingandthinking!ItmademerealisethevalueofrealcontactthatIhandforgotten.Cindy18Imanagedthewholeweek!Atfirst,IreallyfeltIwasmissingout.Then,insteadofmessagingmyfriend,Iwentaroundtoherhouse.Withoutourphones,wehadaproperconversationforovertwohours.Withoutbeingdistractedbymessagesfromotherpeople,itfeltsogood!Thenidecidedtovisitadifferentfriendeveryday.Bythefifthday,Iwondered—wasIreallymissingoutbynotconstantlycheckingmyphonetoseewhateveryoneelsewasupto?Gorge16Ididallsevendays,too!Tobehonest,Ididn’tfindthedetoxtoodifficult,butIdidgivemyphonetomyfathertoavoidgivingin!MybrotherthoughtIshouldmakefulluseofthetimewithoutmyphone;sohetookmetocheckoutourlocalsportscentre.Anhour’ssporteachdayleftmetiredoutandsentmeearlytobed.Thedetoxmademehealthier!Max17I’membarrassedtosaythatIthrewinthetowelonthefirstday!Iknewtherewasapartyhappeningthatevening,butwithoutaccesstosocialmediaIcouldn’trememberwhereitwas!Intheend,Iturnonmyphonetocheck,butcouldn’tresisthavingaquicklookatmysocialmediaaccounts.What’sworse,Ithenspentsomuchtimecatchinguponnews,Ialmostmissedtheparty.ModeratorThedetoxraisedatotalof$1,632.82fornewschoolsportsequipment!Welldone,everyonewhotookpart!Afterreadingthepostsonthisforum,itseemsthatsomethingratherthanmoneyhasalsobeenraisedthroughthedetox.Awarenessofjusthowmuchwerelyonsocialmediacanhelpusstepawayfromitandcommunicatewitheachotherbetter.DevelopingideasValuableValuesThespendingpowerofyoungpeoplevariesfrompersontoperson.Each,however,isfacedwiththesamequestion:whattodowiththemoney?Somehandlethislesswellthanothers.Recentheadlineshaveseenmoreandmoreteensmaxingouttheirparents’creditcardsongamesandotheronlineactivities.Incontrasttothesebigspenders,therearealsoteensthatproveageisnobarriertomakinggooduseofmoney.Withthehelpofhergrandfather,eight-year-oldKhloeThompsonstartedmaking“KareBags”forthehomelesspeopleinherdistrict.Insidethebagsarenecessitiessuchastoothpaste,soapandsocks,boughtfirstwithherpocketmoneyandthenthroughcrowdfunding.Theseitemshelpedtomakethelivesofthepoorandhomelesspeoplealittlebiteasier.OnreceivingaKarebag,onewomansaid,“Youmakemefeellikeahumanbeing.”Howeverpeopleintendtousetheirmoney,managingitseemstobeunprecedentedlyimportanttoyoungergenerations.A2016studysaid17statesoftheUSrequirehighschoolstudentstotakecourseinpersonalfinance.Forthosewhohavenoaccesstocourses,helpmightbeathandthankstoJerryWitkovskyandhismethodofusingfourjarstoteachteenagershowtospendtheirmoneywisely.WhenJerry’sgrandchildrenturned13,hispresenttoeachofthemwerethreejars:oneforspending,oneforsaving,andanotherforgiving—hehassinceaddedafourthjarforinvesting.Itwasfromthenonthathisgrandchildrenstartedtobeincontrolofwhattodowiththemoneytheyreceive:spend,save,invest,orgive?Jerry’sbirthdaypresenttohisgrandparentsis,however,muchmorethanmoneyandafewjars—heisgivingthemanopportunitytolearnlifelongvalues.ThevaluetaughtwiththeSpendingjaristhatyouareresponsibleforyourownhappiness.Moneygivesyouindependenceandtheopportunitytobuysomethingyoulike.Afterall,it’sOKtobenicetoyourself!Whilespendingjarisabouthereandnow,thesavingjargivesyouavisionforfuture.Thiscouldinvolvesavingforuniversity,butitcouldalsomeansavingforthatspecialsomethingyou’veseeninthestores—it’suptoyou.TheInvestingjarnotonlyrepresentsavisionforthethefuture,butgivestheopportunitytobuildforthefuture.Althoughthiscouldlikewiseinvolveputtingasidemoneyforyouruniversityeducation,italsomeansinvestinginyourself.TheGivingjarisallaboutkindnessandhelping.Whetheryouwanttohelpoutafriend,givemoneytoananimalcharityortochildreninanothercountry,it’syourmoneytogivetowhatevercauseyoubelievein.Thewideraimofthejarsistoencourageteenagerstothinkmoreobjectivelyaboutmoneyandthethingsthatitcando,sothattheygrowupunderstanding,ifyoulike,thevalueofthevaluable.Inthisway,theywillbebetterequippedintheiradultlivestomakeinformedchoicesabouthowtheyusethemoneytheyhave.Indeed,thesmallchangeinsidetheirjarscouldmeanabigchangeinhowtheymanagetheirmoney.Unit3TimeChange!UnderstandingIdeasANewChapterThedayIheardthattheRainbowBookstorewasclosingafter50yearsofbusiness，Iwasheartbroken.Thebookstore，whichwasa

legendary

fixture

intheneighborhood，wasaplacewhereanyonecoulddropinandconnectthroughtheirloveofbooks.WhenIhurriedtothestore，Isawthatthebookswerealreadybeingpackedintoboxes.IhadalongchatwithCasey，thestore’s

elderly

owner.Sighingdeeply，hetoldmehowitwasbecomingdifficulttorunanindependentbookstore.

Mostyoungpeoplepreferredreadinge-bookson

tablets.Moreandmorecustomerswerebeingattractedbychainstoresandonlinediscounts.Itriedtothinkofsomewordsof

sympathy，butIhadtoadmitthattheRainbowBookstorecouldn’tstayinbusinessmuchlonger.Childhoodmemoriescamebacktomesoclearly，asiftheeventshadhappenedonlyyesterday.A

bunch

ofuskidswouldfrequentlydropbythestoreafterschool.We’dlookatthenewbooks，orjustchatwithOldCasey.Hekneweverybookinthestoreandwouldalwayspicktheperfectoneforusfroma

dusty

shelf.Wespenthoursreading，seatedonthestore’soldbutcomfortable

furniture.Caseyencouragedustoshareourideasandcommentsonthebooks，bywritingthemonalargeboardinonecornerofthestore.WhenIleftthebookstore，itwasbecomingcoldanddarkoutside.IturnedtowavegoodbyetoCasey，butbothheandhisbookstorewerealreadyhiddeninathick

mist.ItmademerealizethatthebookstoreandallthatOldCaseyhadgiventothecommunitycouldsoondisappearforgood.Afewmonthslater，IwasbackintheneighborhoodduringmyspringbreakandwassurprisedtoseethattheRainbowBookstorewasstillthereandopenforbusiness.Itsold

brick

exterior

hadn’tchanged，butinsideitwaslikeadifferentworld.Inonearea，abookreadingwasbeingdelivered.Nearby，customerswereporingovershelvesselling

stationery，postersandotherbest-seller-themedgifts.Thelargeboardinthecornerhadbeenreplacedbyabigscreen，wherecustomers’

commentsonthemonth’sbest-sellerwerebeingdisplayed.Clearly，theRainbowBookstorewasingood，creativehands.IwastoldthatthecommunityhaddecidedtoworktogetheronacampaigntosavetheRainbowBookstore.ThecampaignhadbeenledbyJenniferOakley，a

saleswoman

whohadgrownupintheneighborhoodandwhohadnowtakenoverthebookstorefromCasey.UnderJennifer’s

leadership，thebookstorewasbeingturnedintoaplaceforliterature-lovingmembersofthecommunitytogettogether.Ithadacaféselling

organic

food，andtherewerenowmorecommunityeventssuchasbookreadings，poetry

recitals

andeven

jazz

concertsandmovienights，wherepeoplecouldgathertoshareanexperiencethatcouldn’tbedownloaded.IjoinedCasey，whowaslookingupatthescreenonwhichreaders’

commentskept

popping

up.“Well，asyoucansee，corporateknowledgecombinedwithcreativityhasbroughtmy

humble

bookstoreintothe21stcentury!I’msopleasedtoseethateverythingIwantedittooffertothecommunityisstillhere.”DevelopingideasEmojis：anewlanguage?Whilewaitingoutsidethecafeteria，Ireceivedthefollowingmessagefrommyfriend：IttookmeaminutebeforeIrealisedwhatitmeant.Thesignsheusedweretosaythathe’dberunninglateandwouldbetheresoon.Insteadofreplyingwithasimple“OK，don’trush”，Isearchedforemojisonmyphonethatwouldexpressthesamemessage：Thiswasmyattempttofollowthetrendofcommunicatingwithemojis.Emojisareusedeverywhere，fromtextmessagestoemails，blogsandothersocialmedianetworks.Withtherapiddevelopmentofsocialmedia，emojisarebecominganintegralcomponentofthelanguageweusetoexpressourselves.Theword“emoji”comesfromJapanese，literallymeaning“picturecharacter”.Emojisaresmallsymbolsrepresentingideas，emotionsorfeelings.Theycomeindifferentcategories，suchasfacesandpeople，plantsandanimals，andfoodanddrink.WhenfirstintroducedinJapanin1999，emojiswerelimitedto176simpledesigns.Nowtherearemorethan3，000emojisthatexpanduponthewayinwhichwecommunicate.Duetotheirpopularity，theOxfordDictionariesWordoftheYearin2015was，forthefirsttimeever，apictographinsteadofatraditionalword.Intoday’sworld，emojishavebecomemoreandmorepopular.Itseemsthatemojishaveclearadvantagesoverwrittenlanguage.Peoplelikethembecausetheyaddemotionalmeaning，andarequickandeasytouse.Infact，thisissimilartothegesturesweusewhenwespeak.Withasmilingorsadfaceaddedtoamessageorpost，yourreadercan“see”yourfacialexpressionwhilereadingyourwords.Emojiscanalsohelppeopleexpresstheirfeelingswhentheycannotfindtheappropriatewords.Forinstance，ifyourfriendismovingacrossthecountry，youmayjustsendthemastringofcryingfacestoexpressyoursadnessoveryourseparation.Theuseofemojishasevenspreadtoclassicalliterature.AShakespeareseriesforyoungreadershastakenWilliamShakespeare’spopularplaysandreplacedsomewordswithtextspeakandemojis.Theintentionoftheseadaptationsistomaketheclassicsmoreaccessibletoyoungreaders.Somepeople，however，believethatthesenewversionshavetakenawaytheheartandsoulofShakespeare’splays.Aswecansee，emojishaveatendencytopopupallovertheplace.Usersofemojissaythattheyfacilitatethewayinwhichwecommunicateandexpressourselves.Butthismakesothers，especiallyeducators，worrythatwearelosingtheabilitytocommunicateproperlyusingthewrittenword，oreventhespokenword.Afterall，howmanyofustodaywouldrathersendamessagepackedwithemojisthanmakeatelephonecall?Perhapspeoplewillonedaychoosetocommunicateinpictures，andforgethowtowriteproperly.Onthatday，emojiswillhavebecomearealpictorial“language”.But，fornow，maybeit’sbestthatwejustenjoyusingthem.Unit4BreakingboundariesUnderstandingideasMY100DAYSWITHMSF22March2015Todaywecelebrate.It’sexactlyonemonthsincethelastreportedcase.Butitis

vital

nottotakeanychances.So，20healthcareworkersfromalmostasmanycountries，comrades

inarms，raisevirtualglassestoeachother.IarrivedinLiberiawithMSFalmostthreemonthsago.WhenIsawthe

tragic

scenesonthenews，Ifeltitwasmydutyasadoctortogothereandoffermyhelp.IknewIwasputtingmylifeatrisk，butIthought，“IfIdon’tdoit，whowill?”Itisimportanttorememberthat

Ebola

doesn’trespectnational

boundaries.Therearenobordersfordoctors，forpatientsorforanyoneelseinvolvedin

combating

thisterribledisease.Mymissionwasto

relieve

Emma，aCanadian

specialist

in

infectious

diseasesattheendofherposting.Emmaspentanhourwithmeinthestaffroomtalkingmethroughthedailyroutine.Asshetalked，Icouldhearatleastthreedifferentlanguagesbeingspokenatthetablesaroundus.Later，EmmaintroducedmetosomeoftheothersworkingfororalongsideMSF：Wilton，ayounglocalman，whohelpedcarrytheverysickintothetreatment

clinic

andwho

disinfected

clothingandsurfaces；Maisy，aretiredpublichealthofficialfromDarwin，Australia，whoselocalteamofvolunteerseducatedpeopleonpreventinginfection；Alfonso，asoft-spokenArgentiniandoctorinhis50s，whohadpreviouslyworkedonEbola

outbreaks

inSierraLeoneandGuinea.Thelistwenton.IfoundthatIwastheonlyChinesedoctoramongpeopleofallages，coloursandbeliefs，fromeverycontinentexceptAntarctica.WitheachpersonImet，Ifeltagrowingsenseofprideaspartofthisextraordinaryteam，whose

devotion

tothecauseshonefromtheireyes.Inthefewweekssincethen，Ihavecometoknowthesepeopleverywell.Wehaveworkedtogether，surroundedbyblood，vomit

anddeath.But，althoughthedeathrateisveryhigh，wewillnevergiveuponapatient，andoureffortsdosometimesendin

miracles.Justaftermyarrival，afamilyofsixwerebroughthereinthebackofa

van.Allofthemwereinfected.The

twin

girlsandtheirparentssoondied.Weknewtherewaslittlehopeforthebrothers，butwedideverythingwecouldtosavethem.Whenwevisitedthe

ward

thenextmorning，wewereamazedtoseethatagainstallodds，bothboyswerestillalive.Pascal

andDanielhavesincemadeafullrecovery.Thissmallbutunexpectedsuccess

compensated

formanyotherlessfortunatecases.Tobecaughtupinsuchacrisiscreatespowerfulbondsbetweenpeople，notonlybetweencarersandpatients，butalsobetweenallthosewhohavecomefromdifferentpartsoftheworldandjoinedtogetherinacommoncause.ItissoinspiringtohavecolleagueslikeWilton，MaisyandAlfonso，nottomentionalltheothersIhaveworkedwith.Nowmytimeisalmostup.Inafewdays，someoneelsewillarrivetostepintomyshoes，andthetirelessworkthattheMSFmembersdoinmorethan70countriesandregionsaroundtheworldwillgoon.Inaworldstillfacingsomanyproblems，itisabsolutelyessentialforusallto

collaborate

tocreateaglobalcommunitywithasharedfutureofpeaceandprosperity.

DevelopingideasTheWordsThatChangedANationOnagreyafternoonon19November1863，atall，thinmanmountedaplatforminafieldinGettysburg，Pennsylvaniaandbegantospeak.Theplacewasthesiteofarecentbattlewherethousandsofsoldiershaddied.ThemanwasAbrahamLincoln，PresidentoftheUnitedStatesofAmericaandhewasthereinmemoryofthesoldierswhohaddied.Thespeechhegavewasjust268wordslongandlastedtwominutes.Butthisaddresstothecrowdchangedthemindsofhispeopleandhelpedshapeanation.Atthattime，Americawasbitterlydivided.Fortwoyears，itspeoplehadbeendeepinacivilwarbetweentheslave-owningConfederateSouthernStatesandthe“free”NorthernStatesoftheUnion.TheworstbattlelastedthreedaysandtookplaceatGettysburgin1863.TheUnionsidewon，butatagreatcost.Over50，000soldierswerekilledorwounded，andpeoplelosthopeandpurpose.Whatwasallthissufferingfor?Lincolnunderstoodthefeelingsofthecivilianpeople.Hisspeechgavethemhope，beliefandareasontolooktothefuture.HegavethemanewvisionofwhattheUnitedStatesofAmericashouldbe，basedontheidealssetdownbyitsFoundingFathers87yearsbefore.Itwaswhatthesoldiershaddiedfor.NowitwasuptothelivingtoremovenotonlythedivisionsbetweenNorthandSouth，buttheboundariesbetweenblackandwhite，andworkstepbysteptowardstheequalityofhumankind.Fourscoreandsevenyearsagoourfathersbroughtforth，uponthiscontinent，anewnation，conceivedinLiberty，anddedicatedtothepropositionthatallmenarecreatedequal.Nowweareengagedinagreatcivilwar，testingwhetherthatnation，oranynation，soconceived，andsodedicated，canlongendure.Wearemethereonagreatbattlefieldofthatwar.Wehavecometodedicateaportionofitasafinalrestingplaceforthosewhoheregavetheirlivesthatthatnationmightlive.Itisaltogetherfittingandproperthatweshoulddothis.Butinalargersense，wecannotdedicate—wecannotconsecrate—wecannothallowthisground.Thebravemen，livinganddead，whostruggledhere，haveconsecrateditfaraboveourpoorpowertoaddordetract.Theworldwilllittlenote，norlongremember，whatwesayhere，butcanneverforgetwhattheydidhere.Itisforus，theliving，rathertobededicatedheretotheunfinishedworkwhichtheyhave，thusfar，sonoblycarriedon.Itisratherforustobeherededicatedtothegreattaskremainingbeforeus—thatfromthesehonoreddeadwetakeincreaseddevotiontothatcauseforwhichtheyheregavethelastfullmeasureofdevotion—thatweherehighlyresolvethatthesedeadshallnothavediedinvain；thatthisnationshallhaveanewbirthoffreedom；andthatthisgovernmentofthepeople，bythepeople，forthepeople，shallnotperishfromtheearth.（“TheGettysburgAddress”byAbrahamLincoln）Unit5AdelicateworldUnderstandingideasMACQUARIEISLAND：fromChaostoConservationIamstandingonMacquarieIsland，intheSouth-westPacificOcean，halfwaybetweenAustraliaandAntarctica.Strongwindsandstormyseashavehelpedsculptitslong，thinshape.Thegreengrassandbarerockofitslandscapecontrastdramatically，givingitawildandnaturalbeauty.NovisitorwouldthinkitsurprisingthattheislandisaUNESCOWorldHeritageSite.Norwouldtheyfailtoimaginehowitsnativeinhabitants，includingroyalpenguins，kingpenguins，andelephantseals，existedinperfectharmonywiththeirnaturalhabitatforthousandsofyears.Buttheisland’smorerecenthistorytellsadifferentstory.It’satragicstorythatbeganin1810whenhumansarrivedontheisland.Intheirshipstheyunknowinglybroughtratsandmice.Thesesmallanimalsquicklytookovertheisland，eatingthebirds’eggsandattackingbabybirds.Catswerebroughttotheislandtocontroltheratsandmice.Unfortunately，thecatssubsequentlydevelopedanappetiteforthebirds，too.Meanwhile，rabbitswereintroducedtotheislandasasourceoffoodforhumans.Looseontheisland，theydidwhatrabbitsdobest—theymultipliedrapidlyandbeganeatingthenativevegetationanddiggingholes，whichcausedsoilerosion.Theexplodingrabbitpopulationprovidedplentifulfoodforthecats，meaningthatthenumberofcatsalsoincreased.Thisinturnledtomorecatshuntingthebirds.Theendresultwasthatparakeets，oncelargeinnumberandnativetotheisland，diedoutin1891.EvenafterMacquarieIslandbecameanofficialnaturereserveinthe1970s，therabbitsremainedoutofcontrol.Expertsfeltitnecessarytocomeupwithaplantoremovealltherabbitsfromtheisland.Withthisgoalinmind，aviruswasreleasedontotheisland.Butalthoughtheviruscausedtherabbitpopulationtodecreasefrom130，000toaround10，000，italsomeantlessfoodforthecats.Thecatsinconsequenceturnedtheirattention—andtheirstomachs—backtothenativebirds，killingupto60，000eachyear.Inthe1980s，trapsanddogswereusedtocatchthecats.ThelastMacquarieIslandcatwascaughtin2000.Butasthesayinggoes，“Whilethecat’saway，themicewillplay.”Withthedepartureofthecatsfromtheisland，themouseandratpopulationstartedtoincrease.Andrememberthose10，000orsorabbits?Itturnedoutthattheydevelopedanimmunitytothevirus，andtheirnumbersexplodedonceagain.Then，in2006，therabbits’diggingcausedsomelandtocollapse，andkilledasubstantialnumberofpenguins.Thisincidentmadeitclearth