高中英语必修五知识点和语法总结

PAGEPAGE24必修五知识点总结Unit1:1.putforward:提出（计划、建议等）；将…提前；把钟表拨快e.g.Heputforwardagoodplanforthisproject.他为这项工程提出了一个好的方案。Thematchhasbeenputforwardto1:30.比赛已经提前到一点半举行。Puttheclockforwardbytenminutes.把钟表拨快十分钟。【词语联想】Øputaway:收起来；贮存，储蓄Øputdown:放下；写下，记下Øputoff:推迟；延期Øputon:穿上；增加；上演（戏剧）e.g.putonweight:增加了体重putonanewplay:上演新戏剧Øputup:张贴；撑开（帐篷）e.g.putupaposterputupatent:搭起帐篷2.conclude:v.作结论，断定（conclusion:n.结论）e.g.Thejuryconcludedthathewasguilty.陪审团认定他有罪。【习惯用语】★drawaconclusion作出结论3.defeatvt.打败,击败,战胜；使(希望,计划等)失败,挫败;阻挠,使无效e.g.Hefinallyconcededdefeat.他最终承认了失败。◆区别:defeat,conquer,overcomeØdefeat指“赢得胜利”,尤其指“军事上的胜利”,e.g.defeattheenemy打败敌人。Øconquer指“征服”、”战胜”,特别指“获得对人、物或感情的控制”,e.g.conquernatureØovercome指“战胜”、“压倒”、“克服”尤指“感情”而言,e.g.overcomedifficulties4.attend:v.1)tobepresentat;goto(meeting,conference,lecture...)出席；参加e.g.Hedecidedtoattendthemeetinghimself.他决定亲自赴会。2)tolookafter,carefor,serve照顾；看护。e.g.Whichdoctorisattendingto(on)you?哪位医生护理你？3）togowith伴随e.g.Theworkwasattendedwithmuchdifficulty.这项工作带来许多困难。5.expose...to...e.g.Don'texposeyourskintothesunfortoolong.Theyhadtobeexposedtotheenemy'sgunfire.6.blamesb.forsth.因为某事责备某人e.g.Heblamedtheboyforhismistake.★betoblame:应受责备，应负责任Whoistoblameforthemistake？这个错误应归咎于谁？7.inaddition:除此之外，另外,意思相当于besides,what'smoree.g.Ipaid100Yuaninaddition.InadditiontoEnglish,hehastostudyasecondlanguage.◆区别:inadditionto,except,besides,besideØinadditionto：除…之外，还有…，表示递进关系。e.g.Thecompanyprovidedtheworkerswithfreelunchinadditiontopaidholidays.这家公司为员工们提供带薪假期，还有免费午餐。Øexcept:除…之外，表示在整体中排除，e.g.Everyoneexceptmegotaninvitation.除了我以外,所有人都收到了请柬.Øbesides表示“除了……以外，还有……”，与inadditionto同义，e.g.BesidesMrWang,wealsowenttoseethefilm.王先生也去了。Weallagreedbesideshim.我们都同意,他也同意。Øbeside:在…旁边。表示方位。e.g.Lilysitsbesidemeinclass.莉莉在班上做我旁边。同义句转换1）HespeaksFrenchaswellasEnglish.e.g.HespeaksFrenchinadditionto/besidesEnglish.2)Apartfromthesalary,it’snotabadjob.e.g.Inadditionto/Exceptthesalary,it’snotabadjob.8.announce:公布；宣告e.g.Heannouncedhisdecision.他宣布了他的决定。9.absorbv.1)吸收Aspongeabsorbswater.海绵吸水。2）专心于★beabsorbedinsth:专心的，全神贯注的Thelittlegirlwasabsorbedinreadingatale.这个小姑娘正在全神贯注的阅读一篇故事。10.challengen.挑战;挑战书;邀请比赛;要求决斗vt.向...挑战,要求,怀疑;vi.挑战,对(证据等)表示异议e.g.meettheseriouschallenge面对严峻挑战Unit2:1.consistof＝bemadeupof由……组成(没有进行时）e.g.TheUKconsistsofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.＝GreatBritainandNorthernIrelandmakeuptheUK.2.区别:Øseparate...from(把联合在一起或靠近的人或物分离出来）Øo把…分开（把整体分为若干部分）e.g.Theteacherdividedtheclassintotwogroups.TheTaiwanStraitseparatesTaiwanfromFujian.3.debateaboutsth.e.g.Theydebateabouttheproposalforthreedays.debate/argue/quarrel4.clarify:vt./vi.(causesth.to)becomeclearoreasiertounderstand澄清；阐明;清楚；明了e.g.IhopewhatIsaywillclarifythesituation.Canyouclarifythequestion?5.belinkedto=beconnectedto/bejoinedto连接【习惯用语】★linkAtoB将A和B连接起来6.referto1)提及，指的是……e.g.Whenhesaid“somestudents”,doyouthinkhewasreferringtous?2)参考；查阅；询问e.g.Ifyoudon'tunderstandawordyoumayrefertoyourdictionaries.Pleaserefertothelastpageofthebookforanswers.3)关系到；关乎e.g.WhatIhavetosayreferstoallofyou.Thisrulereferstoeveryone.reference:n.参考e.g.referencebooks参考书7.toone'ssurprise(prep)“toone's+名词”表“令某人……”常见的名词有“delight,disappointment,enjoyment,astonishment等e.g.Idiscovered,tomyhorror,thatthegoodswereentirelyunfitforsale.ToJohn'sgreatrelieftheyreachedthehouseatlast.8....foundthemselvesunitedpeacefully“find+宾语＋宾补(adj;adv;v-ing;pp;介词短语；不定式）”e.g.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundsmokinginthekitchen.You'llfindhimeasytogetalongwith.Theyfoundthemselvestrappedbythebushfire.WhenIwokeup,Ifoundmyselfinhospital.Icalledonhimyesterday,butIfoundhimout.9.getsthdone=havesthdone使某事被做…….e.g.I'lljustgetthesedisheswashedandthenI'llcome.get+n.+todoget+n.+doingYou'llgethertoagree.I'llgetthecargoing.getdone:用于意想不到、突然或偶然发生，意为“被…….”e.g.Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet.10.breakaway(fromsb/sth)脱离；破除…e.g.Itisnoteasyforhimtobreakawayfrombadhabits.Themanbrokeawayfromhisguards.breakdown(会谈)破裂，失败；(汽车等)出故障；(人的健康状况)变得恶劣；（情感）失控e.g.Hiscarbrokedownonthewaytoworkthismorning.Hishealthbrokedownunderthepressureofwork.Hebrokedownandweptwhenheheardthenews.Talksbetweenthetwocountrieshavecompletelybrokendown.Øbreakin闯入；打岔Øbreakoff中断，折断Øbreakinto闯入Øbreakout爆发;发生Øbreakup驱散；分散，拆散11.aswellas不仅…而且；既…又…e.g.Heisateacheraswellasawriter.Thechildrenaswellastheirfatherwereseenplayingfootballinthestreet.12.convenience:n.方便；便利（convenient:adj.）e.g.Weboughtthishouseforitsconvenience.13.attraction:（attract:v.）1).吸引；引力(不可数n.)e.g.attractionofgravitation重力2).吸引人的东西；喜闻乐见的东西；精彩节目(可数n.)Hecan'tresisttheattractionoftheseaonahotday.Abigcityoffersmanyandvariedattractions.Whataretheprincipleattractionsthisevening?14.influence1)v.对…产生影响e.g.Whatinfluenceyoutochooseacareerinteaching?2)可数n.产生影响的人或事e.g.Heisoneofthegoodinfluencesintheschool.3)(不可数n.)影响e.g.Ateacherhasgreatinfluenceoverhispupils.Unit3:1.impressionn.印记；印象；感想；后接ofsb./ofsth./onsb./that从句；e.g.Myfirstimpressionofhimwasfavourable.Igottheimpressionthattheywereunhappyaboutthesituation.知识拓展：impressv.给……留下深刻的印象；使铭记；使感动；常用结构有：impresssth.on/uponsb./impresssb.withsth.给……留下深刻的印象；使铭记；e．gItimpressedmethatsherememberedmyname.令我佩服的是她记得我的名字。2.remindv.提醒；使想起；常用结构有:remindsb.todosth.提醒某人做某事；remindsb.＋(that)/wh-从句提醒某人……；使某人想起……；remindsb.about/ofsth.使某人想起或意识到……；提醒某人某事e.g.I'msorry,butI'veforgottenyourname,canyouremindme?Youremindmeofyourfatherwhenyousaythat.知识拓展：remindern.提醒物；引起回忆的事物3.constantlyadv.始终；一直；重复不断地e.g.Fashionisconstantlychanging.时尚总是日新月异。知识拓展：constantadj.连续发生的；不断的；重复的；4.previousadj.先前的；以往的；（时间上）稍前的e.g.Nopreviousexperienceisnecessaryforthisjob.Icouldn'tbelieveitwhenIheardthenews.Ihadonlyseenhimthepreviousday.知识拓展：previouslyadv.先前的；早先e.g.Thebuildinghadpreviouslybeenusedasahotel.5.bendv.（bentbent）弯曲；使弯曲；弯腰；弯身；e.g.It'shardtobendanironbar.把铁棒弄弯很不容易。Shebentherheadandkissedherdaughter.她低下头吻了她的女儿。常用搭配有:bendone'smind/effortstosth.致力于某事bendsb.tosth.迫使；说服bendthetruth歪曲事实6.pressv.压；按；推；挤；坚持；敦促n.报章杂志，新闻工作者，新闻界e.g.Shepressedahandkerchieftohisnose.她用手绢捂住鼻子。Shepresseddownhardonthegaspedal.她用力踩下油门踏板。Heisstillpressingherclaimforcompensation.他仍坚持索赔。Thepresswas/werenotallowedtoattendthetrial.庭审谢绝新闻采访。7.switchn.&v.用作名词表示“开关；转换”。用作动词表示“转换”。e.g.Shemadetheswitchfromfull-timetopart-timeworkwhenherfirstchildwasborn.Pressthesetwokeystoswitchbetweendocumentsonscreen.Ican'tworknextweek,willyouswitchwithme?8.lackn.&v.用作名词，表示：“缺乏；短缺”；用作动词，表示：“缺乏；短缺；没有；不足”。e.g.alackoffood/money/skills缺乏食物/金钱/技能Thetripwascancelledthroughlackofinterest.因为缺乏兴趣这次旅行被取消了。Helacksconfidence.他缺乏信心。知识拓展：lackingadj.缺乏；没有；匮乏；不足9.surroundingsn.[pl.]环境；surroundv.围绕；环绕surroundingadj.周围的；附近的e.g.Everyonelikestoworkinpleasantsurroundings.10.catch/gain/getsightof发现，看出Ølosesightof看不见,忘记Øloseone'ssight失明Øatfirstsight一见就；乍看起来Atfirstsight,theproblemseemseasy.Øat(the)sightof一看见就……Atthesightoftheteacher,theboyranaway.Øbeinsight看得见，在眼前Theislandisstillinsight.Øoutofsight看不见Outofsight,outofmind.11.takeuptofilloruseanamountofspaceortime占用（时间）；占据（空间）tolearntoorstarttodosth开始做（某项工作）；开始从事toacceptsth.thatisofferedoravailable接受（建议或能得到的东西）e.g.Thetabletakesuptoomuchroom.这张桌子太占地儿。Theyhavetakenupgolf.他们学起打高尔夫球来了。Shetookuphisofferofadrink.他请她喝一杯，她接受了。Hetakesuphisdutiesnextweek.他下周就要开始履行职责。12.sweepup打扫；清扫；横扫；涌向；快速地抱起e.g.Hesweptupthebabyupintohisarms.他一把将孩子抱进怀里Unit4:1.concentratevi.聚精会神，集中思想，多与on和upon或连用Concentrateonyourwork.集中精神工作。e.g.Adrivershouldconcentrateontheroadwhendriving.Industrialdevelopmentisbeingconcentratedinthewestofthecountry.2.acquirevt.获得,学到，取得，拥有acquired,acquiringe.g.SheacquiredaknowledgeoftheEnglishbycarefulstudy.Somesmokingandalcoholicdrinksareanacquiredtasteandarenotinborn.3.accusesb.ofdoingsth.指责，指控accused,accusinge.g.Thepoliceaccusedhimofmurder.警方指控他谋杀。Sheaccusedhimlying.她指责他说谎.Hewaswronglyaccusedofstealing.他误遭控告犯偷盗罪.4.beofinterest/importance,value,use,help,...=interesting/important/valuable/useful/helpful...e.g.Thisisamatterofgreatimportance.这是一件非常重要的事。Thebookisofgreatvaluetome.这本书对我来说有很大价值。Thereisnothinginteresting/ofinterestintoday'snewspaper.5.journalistn.新闻记者；新闻工作者e.g.Heisaprofessionaljournalist.他是一位专门的新闻从业人员6.delighteda.高兴的,快乐的e.g.Iamreallydelighted.我真的很高兴。【词语联想】delightn.高兴,愉快；vt.使高兴,乐于；vi.感到高兴(或愉快、快乐)e.g.Singingisherchiefdelight.唱歌是她的主要爱好。7.assistn.帮助,协助；vt.帮助,促进；vi.协助,参加【习惯用语】Øassistsb.withsth.帮助某人[做某事]Øassistsb.todosth.帮助某人[做某事]Øassistsb.indoingsth.帮助某人[做某事]◆区别:help,aid,assist都含"帮助"、"援助"的意思。Øhelp系常用词,意义较aid,assist强,指"以积极态度给予各方面的帮助",强调"受助者得到帮助或好处",并着重"受助者对帮助的需要"e.g.Pleasehelpmearrangethesepapers.Øaid属较正式用语,强调"帮助受助者脱离困难或危险",有时意味着"强者援助弱者"e.g.Theyaidedfloodvictims.Øassist是正式用语,多指"在提供帮助时,帮助者起次要或起协助作用"e.g.Sheassistedhiminhisexperiments.Unit5：1.firstaid的意思是“急救”，例如：firstaidtotheinjured给予伤员的急救。短语联想give/offeraid援助cometosb'said帮助某人teachingaids教具medicalaid医疗救护withtheaidof借助于getinjured受伤，在现代英语中大量地出现了由“get+及物动词不达意的过去分词”构成的被动语态，这叫get-型被动语态。又如：Thecomputergot(was)damagedwhenweweremoving.Mybikeisgetting(isbeing)repairedrow.2.Protect动词，“保护、维护”，用于句式“protect+名词+against/from+名词”。e.g.Heiswearingsunglassestoprotecthiseyesfromthestrongsunlight.【短语联想】ØKeep...from...不让/避免Østop...(from)...阻止Øprevent...(from)...妨碍/防止Ødisable...from...使……失去（能力/资格）Øsave...from...挽救、拯救3.dependon取决于。e.g.Theamountyoupaydependsonwhereyoulive.词义拓展dependon依靠，依赖：Hisfamilydependsonhim.他的一家人全靠他养活。依赖，信任：WearedependingonyoutofinishthejobbyFriday.4.squeeze动词，意思是“榨取”、“挤出”，例如：squeezeanorange榨橘子squeeze+名词+out(of/from)+名词，e.g.Thoseblackmailersintendedtosqueezemoremoneyoutofhim.5.hurt既可作及物动词，作“伤害”、“使受伤”解，也可作不及物动词，作“疼痛”、“感到疼痛”解。既可表达身体的受伤，也可以表达情感的伤害。例如：e.g.Thelittleboyhasfallenoffaladderandhurthimself.Thedriverhurthimselfintheaccident.司机在事故中受了伤。6.unless除非……；如果不……。如：7.icyadj.冰凉的-y是个形容词后缀。如：windy有风的hilly多小山的sleepy困倦的greeny略呈绿色spicy辛辣的woody树木茂密的thirsty饥渴的dirty脏的snowy下雪的8.inplace放在适当的地方。如：e.g.Thelibrarianputthereturnedbooksinplace.图书管理员把还回的图书放到原处。Yon'dbetterputthingsbackinplace.Otherwise,itwillbedifficulttofindthings.9.sensen.感觉Øsenseoftouch触觉senseofsight视觉Øsenseofhearing听觉senseofsmell嗅觉Øsenseofhumour幽默感senseofbeauty美感Øenseofhunger饥饿感thesixthsense第六感10.varietyn.多样,种类,★avarietyof…各种各样……【词语联想】variousa.不同的,各种的,多方面的,许多的e.g.Everyonearrivedlateatthepartyforvariousreasons.高二英语必修五完整语法总结过去分词作——定语、表语、宾补、状语ThePastParticipleusedAsAttributeandPredicative第一讲、过去分词做定语和表语1.Englishisawidelyusedlanguage.2.Hethrewawaythebrokencup.3.Thisisoneoftheschoolsbuiltin1980s.4.Pricesofdailygoodsboughtthroughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.单个过去分词作定语，常放在被修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语，常放在被修饰词的后面。spokenEnglish=Englishwhichisspokenterrifiedpeople=thepeoplewhoareterrifiedanorganizedway=awaythatisorganizedaffectedarea灾区=theareawhichisaffectedstolenculturerelics=culturerelicsthathadbeenstolenthebookrecommendedbytheteacher=thebookwhichwasrecommendedbytheteacherprintedarticles=articlesthatareprinted1)DoctorJohnSnowwasawell-knowndoctorinLondon.定语2)JohnSnowtoldtheastonishedpeopleinBroadStreet.定语3)Hegotinterestedinthetwotheories.表语4)Neitheritscause,noritscurewasunderstood表语PastParticipleastheAttribute定语PastParticipleasthePredicative表语1.terrifiedpeople1.peoplewhoareterrified2.reservedseats2.seatsthatarereserved3.pollutedwater3.waterthatispolluted4.acrowdedroom4.aroomthatiscrowded5.apleasedwinner5.awinnerthatispleased6.Astonishedchildren6.childrenwholookastonished7.abrokenvase7.avasethatisbroken8.acloseddoor8.adoorthatisclosed9.thetiredaudience9.theaudiencewhofeeltired10.atrappedanimal10.ananimalthatistrappedTherearemanyfallenleavesontheground.=Therearemanyleaveswhichhadfallenontheground.(地上有许多落叶)Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.=Someofthem,whohadbeenbornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.(他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没去过北京)及物动词的过去分词表示结束了的被动动作或者没有一定的时间性,只表示被动关系。pollutedwater=waterwhichispollutedreservedseats=theseatswhichwerereservedtrappedanimal=theanimalwhichwastrapped不及物动词的过去分词不表被动，只表示动作发生在谓语动词之前，含有动作完成，动作结束之含义。boiledwater=waterwhichhasboiledfallenleaves=theleaveswhichhavefallenrisensun=thesunwhichhasrisen过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。Thebooks,writtenbyGuoJingming,areverypopularwithteenagers.这些书是郭敬明写的，深受青少年的喜爱。Someofthem,bornandbroughtupinruralvillages,hadneverbeentoBeijing.他们中的一些人，在农村出生并长大，从没过北京.Thebook_writtenbythefarmer(一本农民写的书)isverypopular.Thebuildingbuiltlastyear(去年建的楼房)nowcollapsedintheWenchuanearthquake.Theproblemdiscussedatthemeetingyesterday(在昨天会议上讨论的)wasverydifficulttosolve.Thewindowbrokenbythatnaughtyboy被那个顽皮男孩打破的)isbeingrepaired.Thechildrenexaminedinthehospitalyesterday昨天在医院检查的)wereseriouslyill.Thepeopleexposedtothesun(暴露在阳光下的)gotsunburnt.Theboypunishedseverelybytheteacher(受到老师严厉惩罚的)isnowacollegestudent.Thewaterdeliveredtohishome(送到他家的水)carrieddisease.TheEnglishtodayisquitedifferentfromtheEnglishspokeninthepast300years(300年前所说的).Mostoftheartistsinvitedtotheparty(被邀请去参加聚会的)werefromSouthAfrica.Thestudentsinspiredbytheteacher(受到老师鼓舞的)workedharderthaneverbefore.TheOlympicGames,__A_in776B.C.didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1912.A.firstplayedB.tobefirstplayedC.firstplayingD.tobefirstplaying①过去分词做定语与其修饰词之间是动宾关系且过去分词表示的动作已完成。②现在分词作定语表示动作正在发生，与修饰词是主谓关系。③不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作。firstplayedin776B.C.=whichwasfirstplayedin776B.C.Consolidation巩固1.Pricesofdailygoods____throughacomputercanbelowerthanstoreprices.A.areboughtB.boughtC.beenboughtD.buying2.Withalotofdifferentproblems____,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettle D.beingsettled3.Don’tusewords,expressionsorphrases____onlytopeoplewithspecificknowledge.A.beingknownB.havingbeenknownC.tobeknownD.known4.WhenIgotback,Isawamessage____tothedoor____“Sorrytomissyou;willcalllater.”A.pin,readB.pinning,readingC.pinned,readingD.pinned,read2）作表语表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。许多动词的过去分词已经被当作形容词使用。如：disappointed,excited,moved,puzzled,pleased,surprised,lost等。Thewindowisbroken.窗户碎了。Don’tgetsoexcited.别这么激动。1.用作表语的过去分词被动意味很弱，主要表示动作的完成和状态，此时相当于一个形容词。2.被动语态的过去分词动词意味很强,句子主语为动作的承受者，后面常跟by短语。①Theglassisbroken.TheglasswasbrokenbyTom.②Thewindowsareclosed.ThewindowsareclosedbyJack.3.表示“感觉流露”的一些过去分词(如:interested,surprised,excited,frightened,shocked)和一些过去分词(如dressed,drunk,devoted,lost,known)常用作表语,表示状态.其中有些仅表示状态,毫无被动意味。①Howdidtheaudiencereceivethenewplay?Theygotveryexcited.②HowdidBobdointheexamsthistime?Well,hisfatherseemspleasedwithhisresults.③Shewasverydisappointedtoheartheresult.④He’squiteexperiencedinteachingbeginners.作表语练习：Cleaningwomeninbigcitiesusuallyget________bythehour.A.payB.payingC.paidD.topay该题考查分词作表语的用法。“topaysb.bythehour”计时给某人报酬。此题被动结构作表语。类似的有：getburnt,gethurt,getwounded.1.Theroomsare____,soyoucan’tmovein.A.paintedB.paintingC.beingpaintedD.tobepainted2.Assoonasheenteredthecity,he____.A.waslosingB.gotlosingC.grewlostD.gotlost3.Whathehasdoneisreally____.Nowhisparentsare_____him.A.disappointing;disappointedatB.disappointing;disappointedaboutC.disappointing;disappointedwithD.disappointed;disappointingby现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义．现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或完成．amovingmovie感人的电影amovedaudience被感动的观众boilingwater正在烧(煮沸)的水boiledwater已煮沸的水developingcountries反展中国家developedcountries发达国家fallingleaves落叶(正在进行)fallenleaves落叶(已经完成)Thechildstandingoverthereismybrother.Theroomfacingsouthisourclassroom.ThebookwrittenbyLuXunisverygood.TheroadcompletedyesterdayisleadingtoTibet.第二讲、过去分词作宾补用法归纳英语中过去分词可作宾补，（此时的过去分词一般是及物动词）表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：

Shefoundthedoorbrokeninwhenshecameback.(宾补与宾语有被动的关系，表一种状态。)

一．

过去分词用在表状态的动词keep,leave等的后面。

Eg:Theykeptthedoorlockedforalongtime.

Keepyourmouthshutandyoureyesopen.(谚语：少说多看）

Don'tleavesuchanimportantthingundone.

Don'tleavethewindowsbrokenlikethisallthetime.

二．过分词用在get,have,make,的后面。

1.注意“have+宾语+过去分词”的两种情况：

A）表"让某人做某事/让某事（被人）做"

eg:Ihavehadmybikerepaired.

Thevillagershadmanytreesplantedjustthen.

B)表"遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受影响，蒙受损失"

Eg:Ihadmywalletstolenonabuslastmonth.

Theoldmanhadhislegbrokenintheaccident.

Hehadhislegbrokeninthematchyesterday.(MET1986)

2."make+宾语+过去分词",在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如：

TheymanagedtomakethemselvesunderstoodinverysimpleEnglish.

Iraisedmyvoicetomakemyselfheard.

三、过去分词用在感观动词watch,notice,see,hear,listento,feel,find等后面。如

Whenwegottoschool,wesawthedoorlocked.

Wecanhearthewindowsbeatenbytheheavyraindrops.

Hefelthimselfcheated.

Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketoseecarriedoutthenextyear.(NMET2000)

四、过去分词用在want,wish,like,expect等表示“希望，愿望”这一类动词后面做宾补。如

Thebosswouldn'tliketheproblemdiscussedatthemoment.

Iwouldlikemyhousepaintedwhite.

Iwantthesuitmadetohisownmeasure.

Iwishtheproblemsettled.

五、过去分词用在“with+宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如：

Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.

Withmanybrightly-colouredflowersplantedaroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden.

Witheverythingwellarranged,helefttheoffice.

六、过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。

现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。其动作与谓语动作同时进行。

过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系。其动作先于谓语动作。

不定式作宾补：表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。

eg:Hedidn'tnoticemewaiting.

IheardthesongsunginEnglish.

Isawhimopeningthewindow.

Isawthewindowopened.

Isawhimopenthewindow.

IheardhersingthesonginEnglish.专项训练1：

1.___pooratEnglish,I'mafraidIcan'tmakemyself___.

A.Tobe;understandB.I'm;tounderstandC.Being;understandingD.Being;understood

2.Ihavehadmybike___,andI'mgoingtohavesomebody___myradiotomorrow.

A.repair;torepairB.repairing;toberepairedC.repaired;repairD.torepair;repairing

3.Youmustgetthework___beforeFriday.

A.doB.todoC.doingD.done

4.___theroom,thenursefoundthetape-recorder___.

A.Entering;stealingB.Entering;goneC.Tohaveentered;beingstolenD.Havingentered;tobestolen

5.Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem___soquickly.

A.settledB.havingbeensettledC.besettledD.settling

6.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad____wentwrongagain.(上海1999）

A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired

7.Itiswisetohavesomemoney___foroldage.(NMET1996)

A.putawayB.keepupC.giveawayD.laidup(putaway放好,储存...备用,处理掉,放弃,抛弃)

8.Idon'twantthechildren___outinsuchweather.

A.takeB.totakeC.takenD.taking

9.I'mafraidthatIcan'tmakemyself___becauseofmypoorEnglish.

A.understandB.understandingC.tounderstandD.understood

10.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.

A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied(表动作完成）专项训练2：

1.Wefoundhergreatly___.

A.improvingB.changedC.tohelpD.havingdisturbed

2.Janegotherbadtooth___atthedentist's.

A.toputinB.pulledoutC.pushedoutD.drawingout

3.When____,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.(上海2002)

A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted

4.Withalotofdifficulties___,theywenttotheseashoreandhadagoodrest.

A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled

5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce___nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(NMET2002)

A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun(oncebegun在句中作状语，begin为及物动词:“着手”）

6.___,theywenthome,___.

A.Theirworkhadbeenfinished;singingandlaughing

B.Theyhadfinishedtheirwork;sangandlaughed

C.Theirworkfinished;singingandlaughing

D.aftertheirworkfinished;singingandlaughing

7.BeforehecametoLondon,hehadneverheardasingleEnglishword___

A.speakingB.speakC.spokenD.tospeak

8.____moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.

A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven

9.___fromspace,theearthwithwater___70％ofitssurfacelookslikea"blueblanket".

A.Seen;coveredB.Beingseen;coversC.Seeing;coveringD.Seen;covering

10.____,theexperimentwillbesuccessful.

A.IfcarefullydoingB.IfitdonecarefullyC.IfcarefullydoneD.Ifdoingcarefully

11.Thegirlwroteacompositionwithout___.

A.askB.askingC.beingaskedD.tobeasked

12.Hefinishedhishomeworkandthenwenton___me.

A.helpingB.withhelpC.withhelpingD.tohelp

13.___wheretogo,heaskedapoliceman.

A.Havinglosthiswayandnotknowing

B.Losinghiswayanddidn'tknow

C.Havinglosthiswayanddidn'tknow

D.Losthiswayanddidn'tknow

14.____herfriendwasbadlyhurt,sheburstintotears.

A.HearingB.HavingheardC.TohearD.Heard

15.____histeamhadwon,hisfacelitupatonce.

A.KnowingB.WhenknowingC.AfterknowingD.Whenheknew专项训练3：

1.Theyhurriedbackhomeonlytofindtheirhouse___into.

A.breakB.tobreakC.brokenD.breaking

2.Whenhecameto,hefoundhimself___onachair,withhishands___back.

A.tosit;tiedB.sitting;tyingC.sat;tiedD.sitting;tied

3.Wedonotfeel___toentermodernbuildings;everythingaboutthemseemsunfriendly.

A.invitedB.invitingC.toinviteD.tobeinvited

(feel后加形容词，此处的invited表主语we的感受)

4.I'mgoingtohavemyletters____tomorrowifI'vegotthemreadybythen.

A.totypeB.typeC.typedD.typing

5.Everygreatcultureinthepasthaditsownideasofbeauty___inartandliterature.

A.expressedB.toexpressC.beingexpressedD.tobeexpressed答案：

专项训练1：1-10DCDBACACDD

专项训练2：:1-15BBAADDDADCCDDAD

专项训练3：:1-5CDACA第三讲、PastParticipleAstheadverbial过分作状语Worriedaboutthejourney,Iwasunsettledforthefirstfewdays.Well-knownfortheirexpertise,hisparents’company…..Confusedbythenewsurroundings,Iwashitbythelackoffreshair.Exhausted,Islidintothebedandfellfastasleep.过去分词作状语：过去分词作状语时，说明动作发生的背景或情况，其等同于一个状语从句。vt过去分词作状语时与主句主语构成被动关系，表示被动和完成，vi过去分词表示状态或动作的完成。Heated,waterchangesintosteam.Theprofessorcamein,followedbyagroupofyoungpeople.1作原因状语，等于as/since/because引导从句Movedbywhatshesaid,wecouldn’thelpcrying.=(Aswearemovedbywhatshesaid…2作时间状语，等于when引导时间从句，如果分词表示的动作与谓语的动作同时发生，可在分词前加when/while/until等使时间意义更明确。Whenheated,watercanbechangedintosteam.Seenfromthehill,theparklooksverybeautiful.=(Whentheparkisseenfromthehill…3作条件状语等于if/whether引导从句Givenmoreattention,thecabbagescouldhavegrownbetter.=(Iftheyhavebeengivenmoreattention….Comparedwithyou,westillhavealongwaytogo=(Ifwearecomparedwithyou…4作方式或伴随状语Theactresscamein,followedbyherfans.Shesatbythewindow,lostinthought.5作让步状语Muchtired,hestillkeptonworking.＝（Althoughhewastired,)he….6独立主格结构：当分词的逻辑主语不是主句主语时，分词可以有自己独立的逻辑主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。常用来表示伴随情况。Theboyrushedintotheclassroom,hisfacecoveredwithsweat.Allthingsconsidered,yourarticleisofgreatvaluethanhers.RewritewithproperconjunctionsExample:Unitedwestand,dividedwefall.Ifweareunited,wewillstand,butifwearedivided,wewillfall.1Askedwhathadhappened,hetoldusaboutit.→Whenhewasaskedwhathadhappened,…2Wellknownforhisexpertadvice,hereceivedmanyinvitationstogivelectures.→Becausehewaswellknownforhisexpertadvice,…3Givenmoretime,wewouldbeabletodotheworkmuchbetter.Ifweweregivenmoretime,4OncetranslatedintoChinese,thebookbecameverypopularamongChineseteenagers.OnceitwastranslatedintoChinese,5Deeplyinterestedinmedicine,shedecidedtobecomeadoctor.Becauseshewasdeeplyinterestedinmedicine,6Leftaloneathome,Samdidnotfeelafraidatall.Althoughhewasleftaloneathome,现在分词与过去分词作状语现在分词作状语时，与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系，；而过去分词与其逻辑主语之间则表示被动关系。Seeingthesepictures,Icouldn’thelpthinkingofthosedayswhenIwasinBeijing.Seenfromthetopofathirty-storeyedbuilding,Beijinglooksmoremagnificent.(see)选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是主句的主语发出，分词就选用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。例如：Usedforalongtime,thebooklooksold.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。Usingthebook,Ifindituseful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用注意:1.系表示主语所处的状态_____inthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.(lose)______inwhite,shelooksmorebeautiful.(dress)belostinbedressedinbeinterestedinbedevotedtobesupposedtobecaughtintherainbeseatedinb