2024上海高考英语名校名卷语法填空试题汇编（含答案详解）

上海高考名校名卷分类汇编19份语法填空1．育才23-24秋-1II.GrammarandVocabulary 20分SectionAGrammarDirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.10分Doyouknowsomeonewhoisexceptionallypickywhenitcomestothefoodtoeat,theclothestowear,orthepeopletodate?Choosypeopletendtobesomewhatoverlyanalytical-theycarefullyweightheprosandconsofmostdecisions.Asaresult,theytendtotakealotoftime(21)________(make)uptheirminds.RememberJerryfromSeinfeld?Hewasextremelypickyregardingthepeoplehedated.Anyphysicalflaw,(22)________small,wasJerry'sreasonforrejectingapossibledatingpartner.Ihadafriendwhowaslikethat.Hedidn'tliketheshapeofthisgirl'schin,oranother(23)_______earswere“toolargeforherface.”Asaresult,herarelydatedanyone.Awaitresstoldmeastoryofaparticularpickywoman.Therestauranthadaspecialsalad(24)________tonsofingredients.Thiswomanwouldgodownthelistofingredientsandsay,“Idon'tlikecucumbers,takethatout...takeoutthecilantro,notomatoes,etc.”Thewaitresssaidthatbythetimeshewasdone,itwas(25)________saladofjusticeberglettuce!Peoplewhoarenotpicky-theoppositeendofthescale-tendtobe(26)________(impulsive),flexible,andopentoexperience.Ourresearchfoundthatsomepeopleareonlypickyinparticularareasoftheirlives-eating,dating,orwhen(27)________(evaluate)goodsforpurchase,althoughmostwerepickyinmostthings.Pickypeopletendtoanalyze,andoftenoveranalyze,thechoicesthattheyareabouttomake.Someofthemcandrivesalespersonscrazyastheyhesitate,evaluate.andhesitateagain.Acontractor(承包商),who(28)________(remodel)acoupleofhouses,toldmethestoryoftwoextremeclients.Thefirst,whowasextremelychoosy,tookforevertodecideonbathroomfixtures,appliances,cabinets,andpaint.(29)________thenon-pickyone,lookedatthreesimilarcolorsandsaid,“They'reallok,youchoose.”Whilechoosyindividuals(30)________spendlongtimedeciding,beinganalyticalandslowingtoact,non-choosypeople'simpulsivenessmayleadtoquick,andunwisedecisions.However,thetruthisthatnon-choosypeoplemayalsomaketheirquickdecisions,andrationalizethemtomakethemfit,evenifitwasn'tthebestdecisioninthefirstplace.难度☆☆☆☆参考答案1.tomake2.however3.whose4.with5.a6.moreimpulsive7.evaluating8.wasremodeling9.But10.may[解析][导语]这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了挑剔的人倾向于过度分析，因此,他们往往要花很多时间来做决定.[1题详解]句意:因此,他们往往要花很多时间来做决定。分析句子可知,此处为taketimetodosth“花时间做某事”,所以此处为动词不定式形式。故填tomake.[2题详解]句意:任何身体上的缺陷,不管多小,都是杰里拒绝潜在约会对象的理由.分析句子可知,此处为副词however后接形容词,引导让步状从，表示“不管怎样”，满足句意要求。故填however.[3题详解]句意:他不喜欢这个女孩的下巴,也不喜欢另一个女孩的耳朵“对她的脸来说太大了”。分析句子可知,此处引导定语从句,先行词another在从句中作ears的定语，应用关系代词whose引导从句。故填whose.[4题详解]句意:这家餐馆有一种特别的沙拉,里面有很多配料。根据句意以及空后tonsofingredients为名词短语可知,此处为介词with表示“伴随着,携带”,满足句意要求。故填with.[5题详解]考查冠词。句意:服务员说,当她做好的时候,这是一份只有卷心莴苣的沙拉!根据句意以及空后salad为单数名词可知,此处泛指“一份沙拉”,结合salad为首音节辅音单词,所以为不定冠词a的填入。故填a。[6题详解]句意:不挑剔的人——天平的另一端——往往更冲动、更灵活、更开放。根据句意可知,此处为形容词比较级形式,和前面的情况形成对比,theoppositeendofthescale为另一对立情况,为比较级的线索和提示。故填moreimpulsive.[7题详解]句意:我们的研究发现,有些人只在生活的特定领域——饮食、约会或评估购买商品时——挑剔,尽管大多数人在大多数事情上都很挑剔。分析句子可知,此处为when引导的状语从句的省略用法,省略从句主语和be动词,故填evaluating。[8题详解]句意:一个正在改造几栋房子的承包商给我讲了两个极端客户的故事。分析句子可知,此处为关系代词who引导定语从句中谓语动词的填入,由主句动词told可知,此处应为过去时态,结合句意可知,应为过去正在进行的动作,为过去进行时。故填wasremodeling.[9题详解]句意:但不挑剔的那只看了三种相似的颜色后说:“都不错,你选吧。”结合上下文可知,此处应为连词But表示“但是”,和上文形成转折关系。故填But。[10题详解]句意:挑剔的人可能会花很长时间做决定,分析能力强,行动迟缓,而不挑剔的人的神动可能会导致快速而不明智的决定。根据句意以及下文的may可知,此处也应为情态动词may的填入,表示“可能”,形成上下文语意的呼应。故填may.2．大同23-24秋-2II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.(A)Imagineforamomentthatyourunbornchildhasararegeneticdisorder.Not(21)_________atleastvaguelyfamiliar,suchassickle-cellanaemiaorcysticfibrosis,butratheracondition(22)_________(bury)deepwithinthemedicaldictionary.Adrenoleukodystrophy,maybe.OrEhlers-Danlossyndrome.Wouldyou,whenyourchildisborn,wanttoknowaboutit?Ifeffectivetreatmentswereavailable,youprobablywould.Butifnot?Iftheoutcomewerefatal,wouldyourinterestinknowingaboutitdependonwhetheryournewbornhadfiveyearsoflife(23)_________(look)forwardto,orten?Or30?Todaythesequestionsaremostlyhypothetical.Preciselybecausetheyarerare,suchdisordersareseldomnoticedatbirth.Theymanifest（显现）themselvesonlygradually,andoftenwithunpredictableseverity.Butthatmaysoonchange.Twentyyearsafterthefirsthumangenome(24)_________(map),thepriceofwhole-genomesequencinghasfallentoapoint(25)_________itcould,inrichcountriesatleast,beofferedroutinelytonewborns.Parentswillthenhavetodecideexactlyhowmuchtheywanttoknow.Earlydiagnosisbringswithitthepossibilityofearlytreatment.Moreover,sequencingthegenomesofnewbornscouldofferalifetimeofreturns.Apatient'sgenomemayreveal(26)_________drugswillworkbestinhisorherparticularcaseforconditionssuchasADHD,depressionandcancer.Combinedwithinformationaboutsomeone'swayoflife,itcouldhighlighteasilyneglectedhealthriskssuchascancersandcardiovasculardisease,leadingtobetterpreventivemeasures.Adatabaseofgenomes,(27)_________(match)tolivingpeople,wouldbeabenefittomedicalresearch.Thefruitsofthatresearch,inturn,wouldmakethosegenomesmoreusefultotheirownersastimegoeson.Suchapowerfulnewtechnologycreatesnewdangers.Widespreadscreeningforthousandsofpotentiallyharmfulgenesmaybecounterproductive:someresultsmayworryparentsunnecessarily,becausesomegeneticvariations,(28)_________occasionallyindicativeofdisease,arenotstronglyso.Parentsmaynotwanttounlockallthesecretsthattheirnewborn'sgenomemightreveal.Somemayindeedprefernottoknowaboutconditionsthatcannotbetreated.Adult-onsetillnessesposeadifferentdilemma-areasonablepositionisthatit(29)_________beuptothechildrenthemselves,oncegrown,todecidewhethertheywanttolookattheirgenomicinformation.Afurtherconcernisthatdatawillnotbekeptsecure,andmaybeleakedorotherwisemisused(30)_________somepointinthefuture.难度☆☆☆☆参考答案21.something22.buried23.tolook24.wasmapped25.where26.which27.matched28.though29.should30.at[解析](1)句意:至少不是一-些似曾相识的疾病，比如镰状细胞贫血症或囊性纤维化，而是一种深深植根于医学词典中的疾病。根据句意可知，表示"一些"，应用不定代词something。故填something。(2)句意:不是像镰状细胞贫血或囊性纤维化这样的稍微熟悉的疾病，而是深埋在医学词典中的一种疾病。分析句子结构可知bury与逻辑主语condition构成被动关系，为非谓语动词，用过去分词短语作后置定语。故填buried。(3)考查动词不定式。句意:如果结果是致命的，你是否有兴趣知道它取决于你的新生儿的寿命是5年还是10年?或30年?此处为"havesth.todo"，表示"有某事要做"，动词不定式表示将来的动作。故填tolook。(4)句意:在第一个人类基因组图谱绘制完成20年后，全基因组测序的价格已经下降到可以(至少在富裕国家)常规提供给新生儿的程度。主语与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文Twentyyearsafter可知动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语thefirsthumangenome是单数，be动词用was。故填wasmapped。(5)句意:在第一个人类基因组图谱绘制完成20年后，全基因组测序的价格已经下降到可以(至少在富裕国家)常规提供给新生儿的程度。先行词point在定语从句中作地点状语，用关系副词where引导从句。故填where。(6)句意:病人的基因组可能会揭示哪种药物对他或她的特殊情况最有效，比如多动症、抑郁症和癌症。结合有关某人生活方式的信息，它可以突出容易被忽视的健康风险，如癌症和心血管疾病，从而导致更好的预防措施。引导宾语从句，从句中表示"哪一种药物"应用which引导从句。故填which。(7)句意:与活人相匹配的基因组数据库将有利于医学研究。分析句子结构可知match与逻辑主语adatabaseofgenomes构成被动关系，为非谓语动词，用过去分词作定语。故填matched。(8)句意:对数千种潜在有害基因的广泛筛查可能会适得其反:一些结果可能会让父母不必要地担心，因为一些基因变异虽然偶尔预示着疾病，但并不强烈。引导让步状语从句，表示"虽然"应用though引导从句，状从省略，省略主语和be。故填though。(9)句意:成人发病的疾病带来了不同的困境——一个合理的立场是，应该由孩子们自己决定,一旦长大，他们是否想要查看自己的基因组信息。后文be为动词原形，结合句意"应该"可知应用情态动词should。故填should。(10)句意:更令人担忧的是，数据将不会保持安全，并且可能在将来的某个时候泄露或以其他方式被滥用。结合句意表示"在某个时候"应用介词短语atsomepoint。故填at。3.东昌23-24秋-3SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.WhatCanOneCityDo?Peoplearoundtheworldareconcernedaboutglobalwarmingandaretalkingaboutwaystostopit.ThecityofCambridge,Massachusetts,intheUnitedStates,isdoingmorethanjusttalking.Cambridgewantstobecomeaworldleaderinenergy-efficientbuildings.Today,NaemaOmarisimprovingher80-year-oldhouseinCambridge.Tokeeptheheatinsideinthewinter,sheisfillingthespaceinsidethewallswithinsulation（绝缘）.Insulationisusuallymadefromchemicals,butinherhouse,sheisusing(21)_________new——insulationmadefromrecycledbluejeansandotherclothes.ShehasalsoputinanewtypeoflightcalledanLEDlamp(22)_________usesonlyatinyamountofelectricity.Thelight-bulbsinitlastfor20to30yearsbeforeneeding(23)_________(change).Buteco-friendlyinsulationandlightingaremuchmoreexpensivethantheusualkind(24)__________________manypeopleinCambridgecan'taffordthem.AgroupcalledCambridgeEnergyAlliance(CEA)(25)_________(work)tosolvethisproblem.Theywanttohelpeveryresidentandbusinessinthecityconserveenergy.Peoplecanaskthegrouptocomeandlookat(26)_________theycanmaketheirhouseorofficebuildingeco-friendly.TheCEAthenmakesthemaplantosave15to30percentonheating,gas,water,andelectricity.Thenthegrouphelppeopleborrowmoneytopayfortheimprovements.Themoneythatpeoplesavebybeing(27)_________(efficient)shouldbeenoughtopaybacktheloan.ItwastenyearsagothatthecityofCambridgedecidedtotrytoreduceitscarbonemissions.Morethan80percentofthecarbondioxide(28)_________(produce)inCambridgecomesfrombuildings-notfromcars.(29)_________successful,theprogramwillnotonlysavealotofenergybutalsomakenewjobsforlocalpeople.Workers(30)_________(need)toputininsulation,installbetterdoorsandwindows,andmakeotherenergyimprovementsonbuildings.TheCEAhopesthattheirprogramwillbeanexampleforothercities.难度☆☆参考答案21.something 22.that/which 23.tobechanged/changing 24.sothat 25.areworking 26.how 27.moreefficient 28.produced 29.If/Once 30.willbeneeded[解析](1)句意:隔热材料通常是由化学物质制成的，但在她的房子里，她正在使用新的东西。根据句意可知，表示一些东西，应用不定代词something。故填something。(2)句意:她还安装了一种新型的灯，称为LED灯，只需少量的电力。定从，故填that/which。(3)句意:里面的灯泡可以使用20到30年，然后需要更换。needdoing=needtobedone故填tobechanged/changing。(4)句意:但环保隔热和照明比普通的要贵得多，所以剑桥的许多人都买不起。结果状从，故填sothat。(5)句意:一个名为剑桥能源联盟（CEA）的组织正在工作来解决这个问题。故填areworking。(6)句意:人们可以请小组来看看如何让他们的房子或办公楼变得环保。名从缺状，故填how 。(7)句意:然后，该组织帮助人们借钱来支付装修费用。人们通过更加高效的储蓄的钱应该足以偿还贷款。形容词比较级，故填moreefficient。(8)句意:剑桥大学80%以上的二氧化碳来自建筑物，而不是汽车。非谓语，分词做定，被动，故填produced。(9)句意:如果成功，该项目不仅可以节省大量能源，还可以为当地人创造新的就业机会。状从省略，省略主语和be,故填If/Once。(10)句意:工人们将被需要来安装隔热材料，安装更好的门窗，并对建筑物进行其他能源改进。将来被动，故填willbeneeded。4.复附23-24秋-5II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.9:00A.M.,Saturday,November14ThemomentFatimaBennetthaddreamedofwasfinallyhere.Therefore,shecouldn’tbe(21)______(happy).The4CChallenge(alsoknownastheClarkCountyCodingCompetition)wastheeventoftheyear(22)______targetparticipantswereSTEM-mindedeighthgraderslikeFatimaandhertwobestfriends,JuliaSheenandFelipeAlvarez.Theirclassmateswerebusypostingpicturesonsocialmediaoftheirglorioussummervacationswhilethethreebestfriends,whocalled(23)______TeamJavaTime,hadspentcountlesshoursstoryboarding,coding,andadjustingtheirprogram.Theirapp,RomeoandJulietRemixed,turnedthefamousplayintoamultiplayeradventurethatretoldthestory,(24)______(integrate)Shakespeare’slanguagewiththerhymesofsongs.ThecompletedappwasduebySeptember1,andtheteenshadworkedhardtogetitdone.(25)______atanypointtheylostmomentum(动力),theywerepushedbyweeklytextsfromNeilGreen,whohadtakenoverthecompetitioncoordination(协调)thisyear.Onthedaywhentheirapp(26)______(submit)tothecompetition’ssubmissionwebsite,Fatimasaid,“Aprizewouldbegreat,butweallknowtheverybestreward.”Theteensshouted,“K-J-H-S!”Fatima,Julia,andFelipewereexcitedtoshowofftheirdigitalskillsinfrontoftheotherteamsofeighthgraders,buttheyweremostinterestedinthereward(27)______(give)tothetopthreeteams:guaranteedadmissiontoKatherineJohnsonHighSchool,thecounty’sSTEMmagnetschool.Felipe,Fatima,andJulia,friendssincekindergarten,(28)______barelycontaintheirexcitement.TheirdreamofgoingtoKJHStogetherwas(29)______theirreach!Thatwas(30)______Fatimadidn’tmindgettingoutofbedat8A.M.onthiscoldNovemberSaturdaytospendthedayatClarksvilleUniversity,thesiteoftheannualcompetition.难度☆☆参考答案21.happier 22.whose 23.themselves 24.integrating 25.If26.wassubmitted 27.given 28.could 29.within 30.why[解析](1)考查比较级。句意:因此，她开心得不得了。"can't/couldn't+be+形容词的比较级"为固定结构,表示不过了;，.是用比较级形式表达最高级含义。happy的比较级是happier,故填happier。(2)考查定语从句。句意:4C挑战赛(也称为克拉克县编码比赛)是今年的活动，其目标参与者是有STEM意识的八年级学生，如Fatima和她的两个最好的朋友JuliaSheen和FelipeAlvarez。空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the4CChallenge，与空后的targetparticipants之间为所属关系，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故填whose。(3)考查反身代词。句意:他们的同学们正忙着在社交媒体上发布他们辉煌暑假的照片，而三个最好的朋友，他们自称JavaTime团队，花了无数个小时写故事、编码和调整他们的程序。空处与主语指同一组人，表示"他们自己"，应用反身代词themselves,作call的宾语，故填themselves。(4)考查现在分词。句意:他们的应用程序RomeoandJulietRemixed将这部著名的戏剧变成了一场多人冒险，将莎士比亚的语言与歌曲的韵律融合在一起，重新讲述了故事。本句中谓语动词是turned且无连接词，空处应用非谓语动词，作状语，主语theirappRomeoandJulietRemixed与动词integrate"(使)合并，成为一体"之间为主动关系，应用现在分词形式，故填integrating。(5)考查状语从句。句意:如果在任何时候他们失去了动力，他们都会受到尼尔.格林每周发来的短信的推动，他今年接管了比赛协调工作。根据句意可知，此处表示条件，应用if引导条件状语从句，位于句首，首字母需大写，故填if。(6)考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:在他们的应用程序被提交到比赛提交网站的那天，法蒂玛说:"奖品太好了，但我们都知道最好的奖励。"theirapp与动词submit"提交;呈递"之间为被动关系，本句陈述过去发生的事情，所以用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是第三人称单数，be动词用was,故填wassubmitted。(7)考查过去分词。句意:但他们最感兴趣的是给予前三组的奖励:保证进入该县的STEM磁石学校凯瑟琳.约翰逊高中。thereward与动词give之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词given作后置定语，故填given。(8)考查情态动词。句意:Felipe、Fatima和Julia是从幼儿园开始的朋友，他们几乎无法抑制自己的兴奋。空后contain为动词原形，且本句陈述过去的状况，空处应填情态动词could,can/couldbarely表示"几乎不能"，符合句意，故填could。(9)考查介词。句意:他们一起去KJHS的梦想触手可及!withintheirreach为固定短语，表示"够得到;触手可及"，故填within。(10)考查表语从句。句意:这就是为什么法蒂玛不介意在11月这个寒冷的周六早上8点起床，在一年一度的比赛地点克拉克斯维尔大学度过一天。前面介绍了原因，这里应用why引出导致的结果，thatis/waswhy...表示"这就是为什么，.故填why。5格致23024秋-9II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Youmightnotknowyourselfaswellasyouthink.Accordingtoanewstudy,peoplearerelativelyaccuratejudgesofonlysomeoftheirbehaviors.(21)_______mostpreviousstudiesonhowwellpeopleknowthemselveshavebeendoneonlong-termpersonalitytraits,thisnewstudyprobeshowwellpeopleunderstand(22)_______theyareactingfromonemomenttothenext.Researchersaskedparticipantstowearaudiorecordersthatautomaticallyactivatedevery9.5minutesbetween7a.m.and2a.m.torecord30secondsofaudio.Theseparticipantswerethenemailedsurveysfourtimesaday(23)_______(ask)themtorecallhowoutgoing,agreeable,orconscientioustheywereduringaparticularhouroftheday.Thestudyuseddatafrom248participants,allof(24)_______answeredquestionsabouttheirbehaviorfortwoconsecutiveweeksandworetheaudiodeviceforoneofthoseweeks.Sixlaboratoryassistantsratedeachparticipant’saudioclips(25)_______(see)howtheirobservationscomparedwithpeople’sassessmentof(26)_______.Thesixassistantsweregenerallyinagreementwithoneanotherabouthowthepeopletheywereobserving(27)_______(act).Further,participants’ratingsoftheirownbehaviorsagreedwithobservers’forhowoutgoingandhowconscientioustheywerebeing.Buttheagreementbetweenparticipantsandoutsideobserverswas(28)_______(small)foragreeableness.Someofthisdiscrepancycouldbebecausetheobserversusedonlyaudioclips,andthuscouldnotreadcues(29)_______bodylanguage,butthereareprobablyotherexplanations,(30)_______peopleshouldbeabletohearwhenaparticipantisbeingkindversusbeingrude.Theweakagreementbetweenhowparticipantsthoughttheywereactingandwhatobserversheardcouldbebecausepeoplewouldratherdenyrudebehavior.难度☆☆参考答案21.Though/Although/While22.how23.asking24.whom25.tosee26.themselves27.acted28.smaller29.like30.Because/as/for[解析][导语]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们可能不如想象中的那么了解自己,因为一项新的研究结果表明人们只能相对准确地评价自己的行为。[小题1]考查状语从句。句意:虽然之前大多数关于人们对自己了解程度的研究都是针对长期人格特征进行的,但这项新研究探讨了人们对自己从一个时刻到下一个时刻的行为方式的了解程度。此处表示之前大多数研究的内容和这项新研究的内容是不同的，有让步的关系，因此应用表示“虽然"的从属连词thougl/although/while引导让步状语从句,且空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Though/Although/While。[小题2]考查宾语从句。句意:虽然之前大多数关于人们对自己了解程度的研究都是针对长期人格特征进行的，但这项新研究探讨了人们对自己从一个时刻到下一个时刻的行为方式的了解程度。分析句子可知，空处引导宾语从句作understand的宾语,结合下文具体的研究内容可知，这项新研究探究的是人们对自己的行为方式的了解程度，从句中缺少方式状语，空处表达如何,式”，应用连接副词how作引导词。故填how。[小题3]考查非谓语动词。句意:然后,这些参与者每天通过电子邮件接受四次调查,要求他们回忆自己在-天中某个特定小时内的外向、亲和或认真程度。分析句子可知，空处作surveys的后置定语，是非谓语动词，ask“要求和surveys逻辑上是主动关系,应用ask的现在分词形式。故填asking.[小题4]考查定语从句。句意:这项研究使用了248名参与者的数据，他们都连续两周回答了有关他们行为的问题，并在其中一周佩戴了音频设备。分析句子可知，空处和空前的allof构成代词+介词+关系代词”的结构，引导非限制性定语从句,对先行词participants作补充说明，先行词指人，在从句中作of的宾语，应用关系代词whom作引导词。故填whom。[小题5]考查非谓语动词。句意:六名实验室助理对每个参与者的音频片段进行评分，看看他们的观察结果与人们对自己的评价相比如何。分析句子可知，句子主干成分完整，空处作句子的目的状语，应用see的不定式形式。故填tosee.[小题6]考查代词。句意:六名实验室助理对每个参与者的音频片段进行评分，看看他们的观察结果与人们对自己的评价相比如何。联系上下文可知，此处assessment的对象也是people,因此空处应用反身代词themselves,意为“他们自己"。故填themselves。[小题7]theywereobserving为修饰people的定语从句,此处在叙述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时。故填acted.[小题8]考查形容词比较级。句意:但参与者和外部观察者在亲和性方面的一致程度要小,转折，上文提到参与者和外部观察者在外向和认真方面的评价一致,因此这里应该表示在亲和性方面的一致程度要小一些,空处应用small的比较级形式。故填smaller。[小题9]考查介词。句意:这种差异的部分原因可能是因为观察者只使用了音频片段,因此无法读取肢体语言等线索,但能还有其他解释，因为人们应该能够听出参与者是友善还是粗鲁。空后的bodylanguage是对cues的举例说明，因此空处应用表示“像”的介词like,表示像肢体语言这样的线索。故填like。[小题10]考查状语从句。句意:这种差异的部分原因可能是因为观察者只使用了音频片段,因此无法读取肢体语言等线索,但可能还有其他解释，因为人们应该能够听出参与者是友善还是粗鲁。空后内容和空前内容之间是因果关系，前为果，后为因,因此空处应用表示“因为”的从属连词because/as/for,引导原因状语从句。故because/as/for.6.华二23-24秋-10II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.SeeingthewoodforthetreesAmerica'spacificnorthwestwaslargelybuiltontimber.Buttheindustrylostan(21)_________(estimate)$1.8bnin2020,soonce-bustlingtownsarescramblingtofindalternativesourcesofincome.Somearepinningtheirhopeson(22)_________canbeamoresustainableuseofthematerial:"masstimber",smallsectionsofwoodheldtogetherwithresinorasimilarbinder.Bigloggingfirmshavepushedthesmallonesoutoftimbertowns.Poorlymanagedwildfireshaveruinedtreesthat(23)_________havebeenusedforproducts.Andgreengroupshaveraisedthealarmaboutover-harvesting.Canmasstimber--strong,lightandfire-resistant--givethesectoraboost?(24)_________itsinventioninAustriainthe1990s,masstimberhasbeenusedextensivelyinEurope.ButithasonlyrecentlycaughtoninAmerica:1,500mass-timberstructureshavebeenbuiltorplannedsince2015(25)_________thecountry'snationalbuildingcodeapprovedthematerial,upfromthe23thatexistedin2013.InJulya25-storeyblockinMilwaukeewascertifiedastheworld'stallestmass-timberbuilding.Suchbuildingsaremuchgreenertoerectthan(26)_________madefromenergy-intensivesteelandconcrete.Masstimberismadefromnew-growthtrees,whichareusuallytheresultofplantingsandmorequicklyreachtheirageofuse.Ithelpskeep"workingforestsworking",saysMarcusKauffmanoftheOregonDepartmentofForestry.Mass-timberprojectsarethemainbeneficiariesof$32mearmarkedforwood-relatedinnovationsandgrantsinPresidentJoeBiden'sinfrastructurebill.Sustainabilityisabigpartoftheappeal.Forestsaremade(27)_________(resilient)bycuttingsmalltreesandbrushthatdonothavemarketvalue,saysMrKauffman.Yetmass-timber'ssuitabilityforaffordablehousingandrapidlydeployableshelters(28)_________(mean)thesectorcanexpectrobustdemand,hesays.In2020Oregonsaidthemass-timberindustrypresented"uniqueopportunities'forhigh-wagejobsand"statewideprosperity".Environmentalists,includingLaurieWay-burnofthePacificForestTrust,aconservationgroup,worrythataboomingsectormayeventuallydomore(29)_________(degrade)foreststhanprotectthem.Butfornow,MsWayburntoothinksmasstimberholds"alotofpromise".Thematerialstrikesher(30)_________"agreatblendingofcommerceandcommoditiesandconservation."难度☆☆☆☆☆参考答案21.estimated.22.what.23.might/could.24.Since25.when26.those.27.moreresilient.28.means29.todegrade.30.as[解析]21.根据句意，此处表达“但该行业在2020年损失了18亿美元”，此处用过去分词作定语，修饰$1.8bn。22.根据句意，此处表达“一些人把希望寄托在一种可能更可持续的木材利用方式上”，此处用what引导宾语从句。23.根据句意，此处表达“大火已经毁坏了本来可以用来生产产品的树木”，此处用could/mighthavebeen表达“本来可以”。24.根据句意，此处表达“自从20世纪90年代在奥地利发明以来，大量木材在欧洲得到了广泛的应用”，此处用since引导时间状语。25.根据句意，此处表达“自从2015年美国国家建筑法规批准了这种材料以来”，因此用when引导定语从句。26．根据句意，此处表达“这样的建筑比那些用能源密集型的钢铁和混凝土建造的建筑更环保”，此处用those代指前面的buildings。27.根据句意，考夫曼说，通过砍伐没有市场价值的小树和灌木，森林会变得更有韧性。这种材料是用小木头粘成大木头，环保，保护大木头，moreresilient。28.根据句意，不过，他说这种木材适用于经济适用房和快速部署庇护所，这意味着该行业有望迎来大量的需求。谓语动词，单数，means。29.根据句意，包括太平洋森林信托（一个环保组织）的劳里·威伯恩在内的环保主义者担心，这个行业的蓬勃发展并非会保护森林，而是最终可能会使森林退化。Todo做结果状语，todegrade。30.根据句意，在她看来，这种材料是“商业、商品和环保的完美结合”。固定搭配，strikesb.as给某人以……印象，让某人觉得……。7建平23-24秋-11AgreetoDisagreeemberrunningthroughthewhippingraintofindaphonebooth,only(21)________(get)cutoffinthemiddleofthecallbecauseIranoutofchange.Irememberhavingpostedhand-writtenlettershomefromoverseasthatwouldtaketwoweekstoarrive.ofsocialmediaistrulyamiracle.Freeofcharge,you.Socialmediaenablesustodebatewithpeopleoodthinginsomeaspects.Inthemarket-placeofideas,yougettolesshoesandsee(23)_______theworldlookslikefromtheirperspective.Intspredictedanendtohistoricalconflictbecausepeoplewouldbecomemoreopen-mindedandtolerant.Butthisissadlynotturningouttobethecase.AspsychologistJonathanHaidtsaidinhisarticleTheCoddlingoftheAmericanMind,socialmedia(24)_______(create)peoplewhoareaddictedtoconflictandisdrivingpolarization(分化).Becauseonlinedisagreementsarenolongerbeingconductedbetweentwopeopleinanenclosedroom,butareinsteadhappeninginapublicspacewiththousandsofonlookers,manydebateshaveevolvedintonothingmorethanapopularitycontest--whoeverwalksawaywiththemostlikes(25)________(crown)thewinne.Peopleoftensaythingstheydontbelieveinordertogetmorelikes.(26)________sugar—themorelikesyouget,thebetteryoufeel.ialmediaalgorithms(算法)reinforceanechochamber(回音室).By(27)________(expose)youtoarticlesandvideossimilarinopiniontothoseyouveclickedonbefore,theylureyoudowntherabbithole(28)_______themediayouconsumeisreinforcingtheopinionsyoualreadyhave.probablygot(29)_______(stick)inaheateddebateoversomecontroversialtopic.Thisaynotmattermuchiftheconflictoccursbetweenstrangers.Butwhenitcoestoclosefamilyorfriends,theresultcanbeunpleasant.Manypeoplefinditreallyhardtofeelclosetotheirfriends(30)_______theyhavethesamebeliefs.thefollowing:ouareentitledtoyouropinion;Ijusthappentothinkotherwise.Soletsagreetodisagree.难度☆☆☆参考答案[小题1]toget[小题2]can[小题3]what[小题4]hascreated[小题5]beingcrowned[小题6]But[小题7]exposing[小题8]where[小题9]stuck[小题10]although[解析][导语]本文是一-篇议论文。文章议论了随着社交媒体的不断发展，它为世界各地人们的思想碰撞提供了机会，同时也产生了消极影响，即争论和冲突的极端化。[小题1]考查非谓语动词。句意:我已经够大了，还记得冒着倾盆大雨去找电话亭，结果电话打到一半就断了，因为零钱用完了。句中onlytodo为固定短语，意为“结果是(表示出乎意料)”。故填toget。[小题2]考查情态动词。句意:免费的，你可以联系任何人，任何地点，任何时间。设空处使用情态动词后接动词原形。此处表示"能够"。故填can。[小题3]考查宾语从句。句意:在众多的思想中，你可以站在他人的角度，从他们的角度看看世界是什么样子的。分析句子，设空处引导的是宾语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，意为“什么”。故填what。[小题4]考查动词。句意:社交媒体造就了沉迷于冲突的人，助长了两极分化。分析句子,设空处使用动词作谓语。此处表示动作发生在过去，对现在产生影响，故使用现在完成时。故填hascreated,[小题5]考查非谓语动词。句意:因为网上的争论不再是两个人在一个封闭的房间里进行的,而是在-一个有成干上万人围观的公共空间里进行的，许多辩论已经演变成一场受欢迎程度的竞赛一谁得到最多的“赞"，谁就会被加冕为获胜者。分析句子设空处应该使用非谓语动词，crown意为"授予，为加冕"，whoever与其之间是被动关系，同时表示该动作正在发生,故使用beingdone结构。故填beingcrowned,[小题6]考查连词。句意:但是甜言蜜语——你得到的赞越多,你的感觉就越好。分析句子,此处表示转折关系，故用but。同时，该空置于句首，首字母要大写故填But。[小题7]考查非谓语动词。句意:通过让你接触与你之前点击过的观点相似的文章和视频,他们引诱你掉进兔子洞，在那里你所消费的媒体正在强化你已经拥有的观点。分析句子,设空处置于介词by之后，故使用expose的动名词作宾语，意为“接触”。故填exposing。[小题8]考直定语从句。句意:通过让你接触与你之前点击过的观点相似的文章和视频,他们引诱你掉进兔子洞，在那里你所消费的媒体正在强化你已经拥有的观点。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语,修饰前文的therabbithole。故填where。[小题9]考查形容词。句意:我们中的许多人可能都曾在--些有争议的话题上陷入激烈的辩论。句中getstuckin为固定短语,意为“陷入”，stick为动词意为“粘住，黏住”，其形容词为stuck,意为“卡住了的，动不了的,被困住的"，此处作表语。故填stuck。[小题10]考查连词。句意:许多人发现，尽管朋友有着相同的信仰，但他们真的很难感到亲近。分析句子,设空处使用连词,连接前后句子。此处表示让步关系,故使用although,引导让步状语从句。故填although.9交附23-24秋-12(A) Whatisnirvana(涅槃、超脱)forapotato?Tobeslicedandbathedinboilingoilbefore____21____(emerge)asaFrenchfry?Tohaveitsweightmatchedinbutterandcreamandbetransformedintogloriousmoundsofmash?No.Theanswerisfoundinaplasticbag.Forapotato,thereisnonoblerfatethantoendupinapacketofTaytocheese-and-onioncrisps. Taytosaretheperfectcrisps.ThecompanywasestablishedinIrelandin1954byJoeMurphy.Hewasnottheinventorofcrisps,buthehasbeencredited____22____transformingthem.Untilthentherewasnowaytoflavourtheindividualcrisps____23____.Instead,eachbagcamewithasmallbluepacketofsalt____24____(shake)overthecontents. Murphystartedwithartificialflavoursofcheeseandonion.Thepairingisaclassic,andtheflavourcombineswellwithpotatoes.“Potatoes,”____25____(write)SeamusHeaney,oneofIreland’sgreatestpoets,“promisethetasteofgroundandroot”.The____26____(poetic)mightdescribethemasabitplain.Sprinkledwiththesaltyumami(鲜味)ofMurphy’sseasoning,however,theybecameacut-pricesensation. TaytosremaintheclassicIrishcrisp,butnowtheyar