新教材适用2023-2024学年高中英语WelcomeunitSectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructures学案新人教版必修第一册

SectionⅡDiscoveringUsefulStructuresGrammar——句子结构语法导图语法讲练一、句子成分句子成分：组成句子的各个部分叫句子的成分。句子的成分分类如下：1．主语D典例呈现①Theyworkinabigcompany.(句首)他们在一个大公司工作。②Tooperateontheblindisoneofthedoctor'sjobs.(不定式作主语，句首)为盲人做手术是这个医生的工作之一。③Therearesomebottlesofmilkinthebox.(Therebe句型，句中)在这个盒子里有几瓶奶。④Itisveryinterestingtoplaythegamecalled“treatortrick”．(整个句子后面，it作形式主语)玩“不给糖就捣蛋”的游戏非常有趣。J即学即练1用下划线标出句子中的主语①Theclassroomisverybig.②Whatweneedisfood.③Thereisatalltreeinfrontofthehouse.④Playingcomputergamestoomuchwilldoharmtoyourhealth.⑤Ittooktheseworkersaboutthreemonthstobuildthehouse.答案：①Theclassroomisverybig.②Whatweneedisfood.③Thereisatalltreeinfrontofthehouse.④Playingcomputergamestoomuchwilldoharmtoyourhealth.⑤Ittooktheseworkersaboutthreemonthstobuildthehouse.2．谓语D典例呈现①Heisverygenerous.他是非常慷慨的。②MyfatherwillgotoBeijing.我爸爸将去北京。③Wehavefinishedthejob.我们已经完成了这项工作。J即学即练2用下划线标出句子中的谓语①HecanspeakGerman.②ShewillleaveforAmericanextweek.③Thevillagersareplantingtreesonthehill.④Mostofthestudentshaven'tfinishedtheirhomework.答案：①HecanspeakGerman.②ShewillleaveforAmericanextweek.③Thevillagersareplantingtreesonthehill.④Mostofthestudentshaven'tfinishedtheirhomework.3．表语D典例呈现①Youlookyoungerthanbefore.(形容词作表语)你看起来比以前年轻。②Herjobistrainingthenurses.(动名词作表语)她的工作是培训护士。③Thatiswhyhedidn'tcometoschoolyesterday.(从句作表语)那就是他昨天没来上学的原因。J即学即练3用下划线标出句子中的表语①Shelooksverysmartandcool.②Theyareatthetheatre.③MygoalistoteachthemEnglish.④Myfatherisateacher.⑤Myquestioniswhenwecanfinishthetask.答案：①Shelooksverysmartandcool.②Theyareatthetheatre.③MygoalistoteachthemEnglish.④Myfatherisateacher.⑤Myquestioniswhenwecanfinishthetask.4．宾语注意：在介词后面的名词、代词、动名词等也是宾语，是介词的宾语。D典例呈现①Heneverforgivesothersfortheirmistakes.他从不会因为他们的错误而原谅他人。②Helikestosleepintheopenair.他喜欢在露天睡觉。③Motherboughtmeastorybookasabirthdaypresent.(me是间接宾语，astorybook是直接宾语)妈妈给我买了一本故事书作为生日礼物。④Ibelievethattheycanfinishtheworkintime.我相信他们能及时完成工作。J即学即练4用下划线标出句子中的宾语，有双宾语的标出直接宾语和间接宾语①Webroughtthemsomefood.②TheAmericansenjoyedlivinginChina.③Thegirllookedafterherbabysisteryesterday.④Tomtoldhisteacherthathelefthisbagathome.答案：①Webroughtthemsomefood．间接宾语直接宾语②TheAmericansenjoyedlivinginChina.③Thegirllookedafterherbabysisteryesterday.④Tomtoldhisteacherthathelefthisbagathome间接宾语直接宾语．5．宾语补足语D典例呈现①Ifyouletmego,I'llmakeyouking.如果你让我走，我就让你当国王。②WefoundLiMingoutwhenwearrived.当我们到达的时候，发现李明出去了。③Makeyourselfathome.就如在家里一样。④Isawagirlgointothebuilding.我看见一个女孩进入了这座建筑。J即学即练5用下划线标出句子中的宾语补足语①Don'tmakeyourhandsdirty.②Thebosskeptthemworkingallday.③WecallhimJack.④Tomfoundhisglassbroken.⑤Hefoundallofhisclassmatesintheclassroom.答案：①Don'tmakeyourhandsdirty.②Thebosskeptthemworkingallday.③WecallhimJack.④Tomfoundhisglassbroken.⑤Hefoundallofhisclassmatesintheclassroom.6．定语D典例呈现①Theyellowbikeismine.这辆黄色的自行车是我的。②Theymadesomepaperflowers.他们做了一些纸花。③TheboysintheroomareinClassThree.房间里的这些男孩在三班。④TheboywhoisstandingthereisPeter.站在那儿的男孩是彼得。⑤Ihavesomethinginterestingtotellyou.我有些有趣的事情要告诉你。J即学即练6用下划线标出句子中的定语①Doyouknowtheboybehindthetree?②Thereisoneballpeninthebox.③ThepenboughtbyherismadeinChina.④BeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.答案：①Doyouknowtheboybehindthetree?②Thereisoneballpeninthebox.③ThepenboughtbyherismadeinChina.④BeijingistheplacewhereIwasborn.7．状语D典例呈现①Hediditcarefully.他仔细地做这件事情。②Withouthishelp,wecouldn'tworkitout.没有他的帮助，我们不能解决它。③WhenIwasyoung,Icouldswimwell.当我年轻的时候，我游泳游得很好。④Luckily,theboysurvivedthefire.幸运的是，这个男孩在火灾中幸存了。J即学即练7用下划线标出句子中的状语①Theymissedmeverymuch.②Thefilmisveryinteresting.③Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.④Naturallyweexpecthotelgueststolocktheirdoors.答案：①Theymissedmeverymuch.②Thefilmisveryinteresting.③Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.④Naturallyweexpecthotelgueststolocktheirdoors.二、句型结构说明：主语“”；谓语“”；宾语“”；表语“”；宾补，定语“()”；状语“[]”。1．主语＋谓语(S＋V)这种句型结构中的谓语动词为不及物动词(短语)，故其后不能直接接宾语，也没有被动语态。主谓结构常用来表示主语的动作或状态。常见的不及物动词(短语)有：rise,matter,begin,come,go,happen,appear,work,cometrue,takeplace等。Thesunisrising.太阳正在升起。Thelittleboyiscrying.小男孩正在哭泣。2．主语＋谓语＋宾语(S＋V＋O)(1)这种句型结构中的谓语动词必须是及物动词(短语)，一般有被动语态。用作宾语的有名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或从句等。HeiswatchingTV.他正在看电视。[Lastweekend]ourclassheldaspeechcontest.上个周末，我们班举行了演讲比赛。(2)在“动词＋介词”的动词短语中，宾语只能放在介词之后；在“动词＋副词”的动词短语中，作宾语的名词放于副词前后皆可；作宾语的代词只能放在副词之前。PleasewakeLiLingup(＝wakeupLiLing)at630inthemorning.(√)Pleasewakeherupat630inthemorning.(√)Pleasewakeupherat630inthemorning.(×)3．主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋V＋P)这种句型结构中的谓语动词为系动词，无被动语态，也无进行时态。常见的系动词有be动词，还有感官系动词(sound,look,smell,taste,feel)；变化系动词(become,get,grow,turn,go,fall,run)；持续系动词(remain,keep,hold,stay)；表象系动词(seem,appear)等。表语由名词、形容词、介词短语、分词、不定式或从句充当。Everythinglooksdifferent.一切看起来都不同了。Computersareuseful[inpeople'slife.]电脑在人们的生活中有用。Theproblemremainstobesettled.问题依然需要解决。4．主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S＋V＋IO＋DO)这种句型结构中的及物动词后跟双宾语，指人的宾语称为间接宾语，指物的宾语称为直接宾语。通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后，也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，但间接宾语前需用介词for或to。间接宾语之前用介词to的常见动词有：give,tell,teach,write,bring,lend,hand,show,offer,send,pay,order等。间接宾语之前用介词for的常见动词有：buy,fetch,save,choose,sing等。Heboughtmeabirthdaypresent.他给我买了一个生日礼物。Ishowedhimmypictures.我给他看我的照片。5．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S＋V＋O＋C)该句型结构中的宾语补足语可以由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语或非谓语动词等充当。该句型常用于三类动词：(1)使役动词：keep,make,let,have,leave,get等；(2)感官动词或短语see,watch,notice,observe,find,catch,hear,feel,smell,lookat,listento等；(3)其他动词：ask,tell,order,request,permit,allow,persuade等。Miketoldmenottogo[now]．迈克告诉我不要现在走。Theypaintedthedoorgreen.他们把门刷成了绿色。6．存现句(Therebe句型)Therebe句型表示某处存在某物或某人，基本结构是“Thereis/are/was/were...＋地点状语”。谓语动词有时候可用表示存在的其他动词，如live,stand,lie,seem/appeartobe(好像有),happentobe(碰巧有),usedtobe(曾经有)等。Thereisapiano[inmystudy]．在我的书房里有一架钢琴。Thereare56students[inmyclass]．我的班里有56名学生。J即学即练8判断下列句子的类型①Thereisatelevisioninthesittingroom.()②Thisplacedherinaverydifficultposition.()③Theboylooksveryhappy.()④Theyhaveworkedforthreehours.()⑤Myteachertoldmeagoodpieceofnews.()⑥Ihaven'tboughthimacellphone.()⑦Idon'tlikeplayingvolleyball.()⑧Hewatchedthepianocarriedupstairs.()答案：①Therebe句型②S＋V＋O＋OC③S＋V＋P④S＋V＋A⑤S＋V＋IO＋DO⑥S＋V＋IO＋DO⑦S＋V＋O⑧S＋V＋O＋OC专项练习Ⅰ.写出黑体部分在句子中所作成分1．PapercuttingisoneofChina'sthemostpopulartraditionalfolkarts.表语2．Ihavereceivedsometraininginmysparetime.状语3．Youmakeyourclasseslivelyandinteresting.宾语补足语4．Itwillbeheldintheschoollecturehallfrom3p．m.to5p．m.nextFriday.状语5．Ourhardworkwillfinallyberewarded.主语6．IwonfirstprizeintheEnglishSpeechCompetitionlastyear.宾语7．Ifindmyroomcleanandtidy.宾语补足语8．Iwouldliketogiveyousomesuggestions.直接宾语Ⅱ.写出下列句子属于哪类句型1．Ifoundtheproblemeasy.(SVOC)2．WewillarriveinNewYorknextThursday.(SVOA)3．Thenoisedisappeared.(SV)4．Herfatherboughtheradictionaryasabirthdaypresent.(SVIODO)5．Therearesomanyfa