定语从句讲解课件高三英语二轮专题

语

法---定

语

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句定语从句:在复合句中起形容词作用,作定语,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。关系词:连接先行词和从句的词叫关系词。

关系代词关系副词先行词作主语作宾语作定语作表语作状语指人who/thatwho/that/whom/不填whosethat/不填when、where、why关系词:在从句中作主语、宾语、定语、表语关系代词的用法：1）先行词指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，用who、that例：Thisisthedoctor_____________savedtheboy’slife.2）先行词指人，关系代词在从句中作宾语，用who、that、whom或不填例：Sheisthenewstudent________________________Iwanttointroducetoyou.3）先行词指物，关系代词在从句中作主语，用that、which例：Thetrain_______________________hasjustleftisforHefei.4）先行词指物，关系代词在从句中作宾语，用that、which或不填例：Thenovel______________________Tomboughtisveryinteresting.who/thatwho/that/whom/不填that/whichthat/which/不填关系代词的用法：5）先行词指人和物，关系代词在从句中作宾定语，用whose例：Iwanttohelpthechildren__________parentsdiedintheearthquake.

Itwasameeting___________importanceIdidnotrealizeatthattime.6）先行词指人和物，关系代词在句中作表语，只用that或不填例：Heisnolongertheman__________heusedtobe.

Thisisnolongerthedirtyplace___________itusedtobe.whosewhosethat/不填that/不填重难点1:“whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语；既可指人，也可以指具体事物或抽象概念。“whose+n”可以与ofwhom/which结构互换有不同次序，即“whose+n=the+n+ofwhich/whom=ofwhich/whom+the+n”例如：Theycametoahousewhosebackwallhadbrokendown.(whosebackwall=__________________________=__________________________)thebackwallofwhichofwhichthebackwall重难点2：只用that不用which的5种情况1.当先行词是all、much、everything、anything、nothing、little、none等不定代词时；eg:Shetoldmetheeverything____________sheknew.2.当先行词被all、no、few、any、little、some、much、thelast、thevery、theonly等修饰时；eg:Ihavereadallthebooks___________wereborrowedfromothers.3.当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级，或者被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时；eg:Thisisthemostexcitingfootballgame____________Ihaveeverseen.4.当先行词既有人又有物时；eg:Icanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepictures_____________Isawintheroom.5.当先行词是以who/which开头的疑问句时；eg:Whichisthebike______________youlost?thatthatthatthatthat关系副词的用法：1.when表时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，先行词通常有time、day、morning、night、week、year等。例：Istillrememberthetime___________Ifirstbecameacollegestudent.

Doyouknowthedate__________Lincolnwasborn?注意:当occasion表示“(特定的)时刻”，即抽象意义的“时间”时，关系副词用when如:Describeanoccasionwhenyouhadtogiveapresentationtotheaudience.whenwhen2.where指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词通常有place、spot、street、house、room、city、town、country等。例：Thisisthehotel___________theyarestaying.

Iforgetthehouse____________theSmithslived.注意:当point、situation、case、condition、stage(阶段)等作先行词表达“情况，境地，场合”等抽象意义的地点时，关系副词用where。如:Wewereputintoapositionwherewehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfightthegovernment..wherewhere:指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。例：Thatisthereason__________heisleavingsosoon.why重点：三个关系副词在意义上都相当于“介词+which”结构。

when=on(in,at,during...)+which

where=in(at,on...)+which

why=forwhich例：IwasinBeijingonthedaywhen(=______________)hearrived.例：Theofficewhere(=_______________)heworksisonthethirdfloor.例：Thisisthechiefreasonwhy(=__________________)wedidit.【识记指导】介词后只能跟which；介词根据动词与先行词的搭配来选择。onwhichinwhichforwhich当先行词是表示时间的time、day等和表示地点的place、house等时，一定要注意分析关系词在从句中所充当的成分。I’llneverforgettheday___________myhometownwasliberated.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogetherlastsummer.Hisfatherworksinafactory____________radiopartsaremade.Hisfatherworksinafactory____________makesradioparts.when和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句；而why只能引导限制性定语从句that/whichwhenwherethat/which重难点：只用which不用that的情况1.当关系代词前有介词时；eg:Iamlookingforaboxin__________Icanputalltheseeggs.2.引导非限制性定语从句时；eg:Peterdrovetoofast,____________wasdangerous.3.当限制性定语从句中有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是that时；eg:LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrary__________wasnewlyopen.whichwhichwhich补充重难点：宜用who不用that的情况1.当先行词是指人的不定代词，如anyone、noone、nobody、anybody等eg:Isthereanyoneinyourclass____________isgoodatdancing?2.当在therebe句型中，先行词指人时；eg:Thereisayounglady______________isinastateofshock.3.当先行词是people、those时；eg:People____________wanttotravelabroadshouldapplyforapassportfirst.4.当一个句子中有2个定语从句且先行词都指人，而且其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that时；eg:Theboythatyoumetlastnightisthegroupleader____________studiesveryhard.whowhowhowho1.Dr.Rowan,_________secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.2.Understandinghergoodintentions,Ieatallthefood_______providedbyMumwithappreciation.3.The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,formedthecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseum________openedin1759.4.Ifyoulookatallsidesofthesituation,you'llfindprobablyasolution_______suitseveryone.5.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemslikethekindofkid______wouldenjoypublicspeaking.6.Whatyouneedisagreatteacher_______letsyoumakemistakes.课后习题whosethatwhichthatwhowho7.

Barbaraiseasytorecogniseasshe'stheonlyoneofthewomen_____wearseveningdress.8.

Thewriterandhisnovel________youhavejusttalkedaboutarereallywell-known.9.Thereisnosuccesswithouthardwork;successissomething_______isonlyearnedaftermucheffort.10.

Sheistheteacherfrom_______Ihaveborrowedthisdictionary.11.

Thethoughtofgoingbackhomewasall______kepthimhappywhilehewasworkingabroad.12.

Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose______liveswereaffected.13.

Ihaveseenmostofthegreatestbuildings______arefamousintheworldontheInternet.thatthatthatvwhomthatwhosethat二、用关系代词引导的定语从句合并下列句子1.Ihaveafriend.Helikeslisteningtoclassicalmusic.____________________________________________________________________________2.LastweekMaryworethedress.Igaveittoher.____________________________________________________________________________3.They