大一上-英语笔记整理

单词总结Betbet(sth)(on/againststh)toriskmoneyonaraceoraneventbytryingtopredicttheresult下赌注（于）用…..打赌usedtosaythatyouarealmostcertainthatsthistrueorthatsthwillhappen敢说八成二词语扩展I’llbet1．（表示理解）有同感当然2．（表示不相信对方的话）e.g:“I’mgoingtotellherwhatIthinkofher.”“Yeah.I’llbet.”Iwouldn’tbetonit/don’tbetonit.不大可能e.g:”she’llsoongetusedtotheidea.”“Iwouldn’tbetonit!”(很难说)Youbet中文解释的确当然e.g:”areyounervous?”“youbet!”(这还有说)Youcanbetyourlife/yourbottomdollar（onsth/(that)…..）中文解释肯定毫无疑问e.g:youcanbetyourbottomdollarthathe’llbelate.（他肯定会迟到）PeerNoun1.apersonwhoisthesameagerwhohasthesamesocialstatusasyou身份或地位相同的人同龄人同辈2.(inBritain)amemberoftheNOBILITY英国的贵族成员Verb(~+adv/prep)tolookcloselyorcarefullyatsth,especiallywhenyoucannotseeitclearly.仔细端详Spectaclespectacles相当于glassesaperformanceoraeventthatisveryimpressiveandexcitingtolookat精彩的表演，壮观的场面asightoraviewthatisveryimpressivetolookat壮观的景象anunusualorsurprisingsightorsituationthatattractalotofattention.奇特的景象出人意料之外的情况词语扩展Makeaspectacleofyourselftodrawattentionofyourselfbybehavingordressinginaridiculouswayinpublic出洋相出丑SpareAdj1.thatisnotbeingusedorisnotneededatthetime不用的闲置的e.g:”We’vegotasparebedroom.”2.keptincaseyouneedtoreplacethatoneyouusuallyuse备用的外加的3.availabletodowhatyouwantwithratherthanwork空闲的空余的4.thinandusuallyquitetall瘦高的瘦的Budge(通常由于否定句中)tomoveslightly;tomakesth/sbmoveslightly（使）轻微移动挪动tochangeyouropiniononsth,tomakesbchangetheiropinion（使）改变观点，改变观点词语扩展Budgeuptomovesothatthereisroomforotherpeople让开挪开Hurltothrowsth/sbinaparticulardirection猛投猛摔hurlabuse,accusationsinsults(atsb)大声说出（辱骂或斥责等）tovomit呕吐SoundAdjsensiblethatyoucanrelyonandthatwillprobablygivegoodresults明智的合理的正确的可靠的goodandthorough透彻的完备的e.g:asoundknowledgeingoodcondition,notdamagedhurt完好的健康的无损伤的未受伤的（usuallybeforenoun）deepandpeacefully香甜的酣畅的goodandaccuratebutnottheexcellent不错的实实在在的但不是最好的e.g:tohaveasoundnight’sleepsevere严厉的重的e.g:togivesbasoundbeating.痛打别人一顿Dare(既可以作情态动词也可以作实义动词)Tobebraveenoughtodosth(通常不用于进行时中)敢于胆敢e.g:Hedidn’tdare(to)saywhathethought.Topersuadesbtodosthdangerous,difficultorembarrassingsothattheycanshowthattheyarenotafraid.激（某人做某事），问（某人）有没有胆量（做某事）谅（某人）没胆量（做某事）e.g:Goon.idareyou!来呀！我谅你也不敢。Comeon（ofanactor）登台上场出场(ofaplayer)（比赛中）上场（用于命令）快加油加吧劲改进改善完善e.g:Theprojectiscomingonfine.ⅠaplainJane无出众的长相ⅡJackofallrounds三脚猫功夫（什么都会但是什么都不精）ⅢaverageJoe平明老百姓ⅣUncleSam美国ⅤTohnyOneNote五音不全havesbback需要某人回来readabout/ofsth(不用于进行时)读到查阅到sign(签)~draft(起草)~+contract(合约)refine（润色）~dwellon/upontothinkortalkalotaboutsth,especiallysthitwouldbebetterbeforget老师想着唠叨（尤指最好应忘记的事）tolookatsthforalongtime细看凝视onabasis→regular有规律leaveamessageto给某人留信息hadbetterdosth最好去做某事（注意不加to）suggestdoingsth建议去做某事paysbback(sth)（向某人）还钱paysboff1)付清工资后解雇遣散2)用钱封某人的口买通某人paysthoff付清偿清paysbback(forsth)报复惩罚makefor1.tomovetowardssth向……移动2.tohelptomakesthpossible促成makeofftohurryaway,especiallyinordertoescape匆忙离开（尤指）仓皇逃跑makeout1（询问是否处理得当）应付度过e.g:Howdidhemakeoutwhilehiswifeisaway?”2区别3writeoutorcomplete填写完成makeup1化妆上妆2resolve解决问题或困难3toputsthtogetherfromseveraldifferentthings拼装组成makeforcompensate补偿弥补grindsthouttoproducesthinlargequantitiesoftensththatisnotgoodorinteresting大量生产（尤指粗制滥造）ononeoccasion→onceonoccasion偶然偶尔raisetooccasion处理问题很自如longforsb/sth(尤指对看似不会很快发生的事)渴望illatease不安不自在menofletter有学问的人bemaniaforsth/fordoingsth（通常指许多人共有的）强烈的欲望狂热极大的热情atthewheel在车上thethirdwheel“电灯泡”wheelanddeal协商faithfultothetruth真实的bealiento背道而驰doone’sbittodo/for尽本分做某事atone’spresence当着某人的面atsb’switsend没办法没招了atthepeakof在….的高峰beobsesswith着迷roartowards轰隆隆地totheextent达到……的程度attherateof以……的速度moveupon进逼majorcity意为大城市se-----sensitive敏感的sensible明智的sensual感官的sensuous愉悦感官的sentimental情感的(而非理性的)词义辨析TournamentandMatchTournament指的事一系列的比赛而match指的事一场比赛AtthecompletionandAftercompleting前者指的是短时间的shorttime而后者指的时间长度可长可短Historicandhistorical前者指的是在历史上值得纪念的事情notableormemorableinhistory后者指的是属于历史的belongtohistoryPeeratandPeepatandPeekatPeerat指的是看不清而凑近了仔细看peepat指的是（尤指通过小孔）窥视偷看peekat是指tolookatsthquicklyandsecretlybecauseyoushouldnotbelookingatit窥视偷看PunchandPound前者指的是敲击的很用力forcefully后者更强调反复击打连续砰砰地敲击英文解释是tohitsth/sbhardmanytimesespeciallyinawaythatmakesalotofnoiseSlapandSmack前者着重打脸后者着重打屁股ChangeandTransformandAlterChange指的事方方面面的改变Transform指的是性格，功能上的改变Alter指的是(使)改变ReceiveandAcceptandObtainReceive指的是被动的收到Accept指的是主动地接受Obtain指的是努力之后得到SeparateandIsolatedandIndividualandSolitarySeparate指的是主动地分开Isolated（指建筑物或地方）偏远的Individual指的是分开的一种状态Solitary（带有感情色彩的）孤僻Onaverageandonanaverage前者指的是一般来讲后者指平均的OpposeandDenyandOffendOppose指反对Deny指否认Offend指冒犯CollectandGatherandAccumulateandAssembleCollect指的是收集同一类的东西Gather指的是范围最为广泛的收集Accumulate指的是长时间的积累Assemble指的是把分散的东西集合在一起OriginateandInitiateandInaugurateandStartOriginate指的是起源和发展还有创立和发明的意思其英文解释是tocreatesthnewInitiate有开始发明创立的意思其英文解释是tomakesthnewInaugurate的意思是引进开创开始其英文解释是tointroduceanewdevelopmentoranimportantchangeStart的意思也有开始着手动手其英文解释是tobegindoingorusingsth与笑有光的几个单词辨析Giggleverb~（at/aboutsb/sth）tolaughinasillywaybecauseyouareamused,embarrassedornervous（因感到有趣，窘迫或紧张而）咯咯地笑傻笑Titlerverbtolaughquietly,especiallyinanervousorembarrassedway(尤指紧张或尴尬)傻笑，嗤嗤的笑窃笑Beamverb~(sth)(atsb)tohaveabighappysmileonyourface笑容满面眉开眼笑Grinverb~(atsb)tosmilewidely露齿的笑咧着嘴笑Chuckleverb~(at/aboutsth)tolaughquietly低声轻笑轻声的笑Snickernoun/verbaquietunpleasantlaugh,especiallyatsthrudeoratsb’sproblemsormistakes窃笑暗笑Snigger同snickerSneerverb~（atsb/sth）toshowthatyouhavenorespectforsbbytheexpressiononyourfaceorbythewayyouspeak嘲笑讥讽嗤笑ToandThroughandAlongTo意为“向，往，给”仅在表示钟点的时候在其后接表示时间的短语Through意为“通过，经由”一般用于表示方式Along意为“顺着沿着”后面一般接道路等词语BarelyandReallyandEverBarely意为“仅仅，刚刚，几乎不能”一般表示否定的意思Really意为“真正的，实际上”一般用来表示强调Ever意为“曾经，永远，究竟”一般用于表示时间或强调GrowthandRaiseandAdditionandExtensionGrowth可以指人口的增长Raise意为“上升，饲养，筹集”主要指位置的提高Addition意为“增加，加法”常用于短语inadditionto意为“之外，而且”Extension意为“延长，扩充”主要指范围的扩大LoadandRestraintLoad意为“负担，重担”Restraint意为“抑制，克制”WealthandTreasureWealth指“财富”一般用来表示钱财或其他物质上的财产Treasure专门用来表示宝藏，财宝也可以表示珍爱的人和事物CommonandConventionalandOrdinaryandFrequentCommon意为“普遍的常见的”Conventional意为“惯例的常规的”Ordinary意为“平常的，普通的，平凡的”Frequent意为“时常发生的，频率的”表示频率的高低MajorandEssentialandPriorMajor“主要的，重要的”Essential意为“本质的，实质的，基本的”Prior意为“优先的，在前的”priorto在…….之前ConveyedandEnteredandExhaustedandConsumedConveyed意为传达，运输Entered意为进入，登记Exhausted意为耗尽，用尽Consumed意为消费，消耗RescueandForbidandOffendRescue意为营救，救援一般接人作宾语Forbid意为禁止，阻止常用于forbidsbtodosth这一结构中Offend意为“冒犯，触犯”常用人作宾语DisturbedandDepressedandAmusedandAmazedDisturbed意为扰乱的，受到干扰的Depressed意为忧郁的Amused意为愉悦的，被逗乐的，一般表示对某种有趣的可笑的事情做出反应Amazed意为“惊奇的，惊讶的”ContainandRetainandAttainandMaintainContain意为包含，含有Retain意为保持，保留Attain意为实现，获得Maintain意为维持，保持InterfereandReckonandRestInterfere意为干涉，干扰Reckon意为估计后面常接tobe结构Rest意为休息，依赖后面常接介词on意为依靠，依赖ImpactandOutcomeandFunctionandCommitmentImpact常用于短语makeabigimpacton“对……产生巨大的影响”Outcome意为结果，结局Function意为功能，用途Commitment承诺新闻中的常见词语id＝assist（帮助，援助）alter＝changeormodify（改变）ask＝inquire（询问）assail＝denounce（谴责）axe＝dismiss\\\\reduce（解雇，减少）balk＝impede（阻碍）ban＝prohibitorforbid（禁止）bar＝prevent（防止，阻止）bare＝exposeorreveal（暴露，揭露）blast＝explode（爆炸）begin＝commence（开始）bid＝attempt（努力）bilk＝cheat（欺骗）bolt＝desertorabandon（放弃）boost＝increase（增加，提高）check＝examine（检查）claim＝ausethedeathof．．．（夺去……的生命）clash＝disagreestrong1y（发生分歧，争议）curb＝controlorrestrict（控制）dip＝declineordecrease（下降）ease＝lessen（减轻，缓和）end＝terminate（结束，中止）flay＝criticize（批评）flout＝insult（侮辱）foil＝preventfrom（阻止，防止）grill＝investigate（调查）gut＝destroy（摧毁）head＝direct（率领）hold＝arrest（逮捕）laud＝praise（赞扬）lop＝diminish（下降，减少）map＝workout（制订）mark＝celebrate（庆祝）name＝appoint\\\\nominate（命名，提名）moot＝discuss（讨论）mull＝consider（考虑）nab＝arrest（逮捕）nip＝defeat（击败）ease＝lessen（减轻，缓和）end＝terminate（结束，中止）flay＝criticize（批评）flout＝insult（侮辱）foil＝preventfrom（阻止，防止）grill＝investigate（调查）gut＝destroy（摧毁）head＝direct（率领）hold＝arrest（逮捕）laud＝praise（赞扬）lop＝diminish（下降，减少）map＝workout（制订）mark＝celebrate（庆祝）name＝appoint\\\\nominate（命名，提名）moot＝discuss（讨论）mull＝consider（考虑）nab＝arrest（逮捕）nip＝defeat（击败）slay＝murder（谋杀）soar＝skyrocket（急剧上升）spur＝encourage（激励，鞭策）swap＝exchange（交流，交换）sway＝influence（影响）trim＝reduce（削减）vie＝compete（竞争）vow＝determine（决心，发誓）weigh＝consider（考虑）woo＝seektowin（争取，追求1.schedule时间表2.skip跳，略过3.makesense讲得通，有意义4.fallshortsofone'sexpectation出呼某人的意料5.caterto迎合，款待6.supervisor监督者，管理者7.speakhighlyof评价高8.amillionthingstodo许多事情要做9.discount折扣10.coundn'thaveplayedworse/couldn'tagreemore玩得不能再差一点了/不能再多同意一点了11.Iunderstandthewayyoufeel我了解你的感受12.goinoneearandouttheother一个耳朵听另一个耳朵冒出来13.distractions分心14.IwishIcouldhelp但愿我能帮助15.submit屈从，忍受16.staff/stuffn.全体职员vt.为...配备人员/材料17.register登记，注册18.deadline最后期限19.benefit受益20.Areyoukidding你在开玩笑吗21.credit信用，信誉22.otherwise否则23.budgetyourmoney预算开支24.putin(alothours)花费，支出25.it'suptoyou取决于你，由你决定26.deserve(honor)应受，应得，值得27.maintenanceman维修工28.stackofpapers很多文件29.outoftheway(remote)30.dowith/dowithout新闻中常出现的经济类英语词汇（很实用）出租车起步价flagdownfare法定准备金率requiredreserveratio实体经济realeconomy虚拟经济fictitiouseconomy反盗版anti-piracy知识产权intellectualpropertyrights出口退税taxrebates人民币升值theyuan’sappreciation信贷紧缩creditcrunch次贷危机subprimemortgagerate最优惠贷款利率primerate翻盖手机flip/clamshell滑盖手机slidephone直板手机barphone经济适用房economicallyaffordablehouse安居工程housingprojectforlow-incomeurbanresidents住房保障制度housingsecuritysystem大宗交易系统blocktradingsystem竞价交易系统bidtradingsystem暴利税windfalltax整容手术cosmeticsurgery(face–lifting)双眼皮手术doubleeyelidoperation鼻子手术nosejob从紧的货币政策tightmonetarypolicy宽松的货币政策easymonetarypolicy审慎的财政政策prudentfiscalpolicy油价飙升oilpricessurge原油价飙升crudeoilpricessurge石油输出国组织organizationofthepetroleumexportingcountries(OPEC)原油储备crudeoilstockpiles轻质原油lightsweetcrud