Unit6I'mgoingtostudyputerscience知识详解英语八年级上册(人教版)

Unit6I’mgoingtostudyputerscience.我打算学习计算机科学.单元知识详解SectionAWhatdoyouwanttobewhenyougrowup?你长大后想成为什么?(教材P41图片文字)growup长大;成熟;成长讲是不及物动词词组,其后不跟宾语.grow在此处作不及物动词,意为“成长,发育”,指人、动物的成长情况;grow还可意为＂(使)生长,发育＂,指植物的生长情况.»Whatareyougoingtobewhenyougrowup?你长大后打算做什么?Apilot.飞行员.»Plantscan'tgrowwellwithoutwater.没有水,植物无法很好地生长.典例1(海南中考)Whatareyougoingtobewhenyou________?IwanttobeadoctorlikeWuMengchao.A.growupB.turnupC.getup解析:句意:＂你长大后想成为什么?＂＂我想成为像吴孟超一样的医生.＂growup"长大＂;turnup"开大,调高(音量、热量等)＂;getup"起床＂.根据句意可知应选A.cook厨师(教材P411a)cook/kʊk/n.厨师v.烹饪;煮讲(1)[可数名词］厨师»Sheworksasacookinarestaurant.她在一家餐馆做厨师.(2)[动词］烹饪;煮其过去式和过去分词均为cooked,现在分词为cooking.常见结构:为某人烹制某物cooksb.sth.cooksth.forsb.»Peopleusuallycookinthekitchen.人们通常在厨房做饭.»Momoftencooksusdeliciousfood(=cooksdeliciousfoodforus).妈妈经常为我们做好吃的食物.拓cooker[名词］厨灶,炉具»Thereisanewgascookerinthekitchen.厨房里有一个新燃气厨灶.语境串记Myuncleisagoodcook.Healwayscooksdeliciousfoodforusandhetakesgoodcareofhiscookers,我叔叔是个出色的厨师.他总是为我们煮美味的食物,而且他非常爱惜他的炉具.violinist小提琴手(教材P41la)violinist/vaiə'linist/n.小提琴手讲是由＂violin(n.小提琴)＋ist(名词后缀)＂构成的表示职业的名词,为可数名词.»XueWeiisafamousviolinistinChina.薛伟是中国著名的小提琴演奏家.词缀学习ist是名词后缀,加在某些名词后面可用来表示＂(某学科的)研究者,(某乐器的)演奏者,(某工作的)从事者＂.常见的以ist结尾的表示职业的名词还有:piano钢琴(去o)+ist,pianist钢琴家science科学(ce→t)+istscientist科学家art艺术+istartist艺术家physics物理学(去s)+ist,physicist物理学家I'mgoingtopracticebasketballeveryday.我打算每天练习打篮球.(教材P411c)practicev.练习讲［动词］(此处用法)其后可跟名词、代词或动词ing形式作宾语.»Youshouldpracticethedancingskillsoften.你应该经常练习舞蹈技能.»ManystudentspracticerunninginthemorningbecauseoftheP.E.exam.因为体育考试,许多学生早上练习跑步.拓［名词］练习,训练既可作可数名词,又可作不可数名词.»Ittakesalotofpracticetoplaythepianowell.弹好钢琴需要大量练习.»ThereisabasketballpracticeeverySunday,每周日有篮球训练.谚Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧.典例2(遂宁中考)Theseforeignersarepracticing_________Chinese.A.tospeakB.speakingC.speakD.speaks解析:句意;这些外国人正在练习说汉语.practice后接动词ing形式,即构成＂practicedoingsth."结构.故选B.Well,I'mgoingtokeeponwritingstories,ofcourse.嗯,我当然是要继续写故事.(教材P422d)keepondoingsth.继续做某事讲相当于keepdoingsth..»Ifyoukeeponpracticing,youwillsucceed.如果你坚持练习,你就会成功.»Ifyouwanttoimproveyourpronunciation,keeponpracticingeveryday.你如果想改善你的发音,请每天坚持练习.典例3(邵阳中考)HowcanIimprovemypronunciation(发音),madam?Keepon________andyou'llmakeprogress,A.practiceB.practicingC.topractice解析:句意:＂我怎样才能提高我的发音(水平),夫人?＂＂继续练习,你会取得进步的.”keepondoingsth."继续做某事＂.故选B.Myparentswantmetobeadoctor,butI'mnotsureaboutthat.我父母想让我成为一名医生,但是我对此还不确定.(教材P422d)besureabout确信;对······有把握讲同义短语为besureof.besureabout/of对(做)某事有把握»Areyousureabout/ofthat?你对那件事有把握吗?»Iamquitesureabout/ofpassingtheexam.我非常确信能通过考试.拓besure的其他常见用法:besuretodosth.务必做某事常用在祈使句中,表示说话人对对方提出要求.一定做某事表示说话人的推测或判断.主语通常是人,也可以是物.besure+(that)从句肯定······主句的主语一般是人.»Besuretogiveyourfamilymyregards.务必代我向你的家人问好.»Isitsuretosnowtonight?今晚一定会下雪吗?»Whatalovelyday!I'msurewe'llhaveagoodtriptoday.多么美好的一天！我确定我们今天会有一场愉快的旅行.典例4(铁岭中考)Youaregoingtogetmuchexercise.Areyou_______that?Ofcourse.Ipromisetokeepit.A.proudofB.thirstyforC.sureaboutD.interestedin解析:beproudof"为······感到骄傲＂;bethirstyfor"渴望·····";besureabout"确信＂;beinterestedin"对······感兴趣＂.句意:＂你打算多加锻炼.你对此确定吗?＂＂当然,我承诺要坚持.＂根据语境可知应选C.Justmakesureyoutryyourbest.只要确保你尽最大努力就行.(教材P422d)makesure确保;查明讲(1)确保,设法保证(此处用法)常见用法如下:makesure+(that)从句确保······(that常省略)makesureof(doing)sth.确保(做)某事»Thereisanewruletomakesurethatyoudon'twastefood.为了确保你们不浪费食物,出台了一条新规定.They»scoredanothergoalandmadesureofvictory,他们又进了一个球,这就赢定了.(2)查明»Ithinkthedoorislocked,butI'lljustgoandmakesure.我觉得门已经锁上了,不过我还是去看看好放心.典例5根据所给中文提示完成句子翻译.(鞍山中考)在你离开教室之前,确保窗户都关好.__________________thewindowsareclosedbeforeyouleavetheclassroom.答案:MakesureShe'sgoingtostudyeducation.她打算学习教育学.(教材P433a)education/edʒu'keɪʃn/n.教育;教育学讲education［不可数名词］教育学(此处含义)［不可数名词］教育特指某一种或某一段教育(其前通常有修饰词)时,其前可用不定冠词a/anagoodeducation良好的教育primaryeducation初等教育acollege/universityeducation大学教育preschooleducation学前教育»Laboreducationisimportantforstudents'development.劳动教育对学生的发展很重要.»Moststudentshopetogetagoodeducationandfindagoodjob.大多数学生希望接受良好的教育,然后找到一份好工作.»InChina,primaryeducationisgiventopupilsbetweenagesof6and12.在中国,初等教育的对象是6到12岁的小学生.I'mgoingtostudymedicineatauniversity.我打算在大学学习医学.(教材P433b)medicine/'medsn,'medisn/n.药;医学讲(1)[不可数名词］医学»TheyoungDarwinwenttotheUniversityofEdinburghtostudymedicine.年轻的达尔文前往爱丁堡大学学习医学.(2)药［不可数名词］(通常用法)takemedicine吃药［可数名词］(特指某种药)»Itis(a)goodmedicineforcough.这是治疗咳嗽的良药.»Pleasetakemedicineontime,andyouwillgetwellsoon.请按时服药,你会很快康复的.谚Laughteristhebestmedicine.欢笑是一服良药.university/ju:nɪ'vɜː(r)səti/n.(综合性)大学;高等学府辨university与collegeuniversity通常指由多个学院组成的综合性大学,覆盖比较全面.college在英国,一般指学院,也可指高等专科学校,有时也指university下设的学院.在美国,college与university同义.拓gotouniversity/college去上大学university和college前均不加任何冠词.特别提醒university虽以元音字母u开头,但其发音以辅音音素开头,所以其前有不定冠词修饰时,应用a典例6(无锡中考)Tomwantstostudyat_______universityinEurope,buthasn'tdecidedwhichonetogotoyet.A.anB.aC.theD./解析:句意:汤姆想在欧洲的一所大学学习,但是还没有决定去哪一所.此处泛指＂一所大学＂,且university的发音以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a.故选B.I'mgoingtowritearticlesandsendthemtomagazinesandnewspapers.我打算写文章并把它们寄到杂志社和报社.(教材P433c)send/send/v.邮寄;发送讲［及物动词］邮寄;发送(此处含义)»Pleasesendmeyouraddressandtelephonenumber.=Pleasesendyouraddressandtelephonenumbertome.请把你的地址和号码发给我.»Theletterisimportant.PleasesendittoJack.这封信很重要,请把它寄给杰克.拓(1)send[及物动词］派遣,打发sendsb.todosth.派遣某人做某事»TheEmperoraskedMarcoPolotohelphimandsenthimtodomanyimportantjobsalloverthecountry.皇帝请马可·波罗帮助他,并派他在全国各地做许多重要的工作.(2)sendfor请某人来(帮忙等)»Thebabyisill;sendforadoctorquickly.这个婴儿生病了,快请个医生来.典例7(陕西中考)It'sagoodideatosendtheoldbooks________thechildrenwhoneedthem.A.atB.ofC.toD.by解析:句意:把旧书送给需要它们的孩子是一个好主意.sendsth.tosb."把某物送给某人＂是固定搭配.故选C.SectionB①Soundsinteresting.听起来很有趣.(教材P441b)②Soundslikeagoodplan.听起来是个不错的计划.(教材P441e)讲soundv.听起来好像［连系动词］后常接形容词作表语.(①处用法)soundlike听起来像后常接名词(短语).(②处用法)»WouldyouliketovisittheNationalMuseumofChinawithmetomorrow,Amy?埃米,你明天想和我一起参观中国国家博物馆吗?Soundsnice.听起来不错.»Thatsoundslikeafunwaytopracticewriting.那听起来像是一个有趣的练习写作的方法.拓sound[名词］声音指自然界的各种声音.»Ilikelisteningtothesoundoftherain.我喜欢听雨声.典例1(2022·襄阳中考)Primaryschoolstudentswillhavethecookingcourse.That_______great.Cookingisanecessarylifeskill.A.looksB.tastesC.smellsD.sounds解析:句意:＂小学生将有烹饪课程.＂＂听起来很棒.烹饪是一项必要的生活技能.＂look"看起来好像＂;taste"尝起来＂;smell"闻起来＂;sound"听起来好像＂.根据题干中的＂Primaryschoolstudentswillhavethecookingcourse"可推知,此处是说,那＂听起来＂不错.故选D.I'mgoingtolearnanotherforeignlanguage.我打算再学一门外语.(教材P441b)foreign/fɒrən/,/'fɔ:rən/adj.外国的讲作形容词,在句中可作定语和表语.»Whenapersonvisitsaforeigncountry,itisimportanttoknowhowtoaskforhelppolitely.当一个人访问外国时,知道如何礼貌地寻求帮助是很重要的.»Iknewshewasforeignbythewayshedressed.通过她的穿着我知道她是外国人.拓foreigner[名词］外国人语境串记TherearemanyforeignersspeakingdifferentforeignlanguagesinShanghai.上海有很多讲着不同外语的外国人.典例2根据汉语提示补全句子.(成都中考改编)Nowovertheyears,realChinesedisheshavebeemoreandmorepopularin_______(外国的)countries.答案:foreignWereyouabletokeepthem?你能把它们坚持下去吗?(教材P452a)beableto能够辨beableto与can两者都可表示＂能够＂,其后都要接动词原形.具体区别如下:beableto可用于多种时态be动词随主语的人称和数的变化而变化强调具体做某件事的能力,表示＂经过努力而做成某事”.can只有can和could两种形式无人称和数的变化通常指一般性的能力,表示＂能(做某事)”.»Theyareabletowinthepetition.他们能够赢得比赛.»Sheisabletofinishreadingthisarticleherself.她能够自己读完这篇文章.»WecanspeakEnglish.我们会说英语.»Hecouldswimattheageofsix.他六岁时就会游泳了.拓able[形容词］能够其反义词为unable"未能,无法＂.»Itriedtocontacthimbutwasunableto.我试图跟他联系,却没联系上.典例3根据句意及首字母提示填写单词.(2022·杭州中考改编)Afterfinishinguniversity,TomcametoChina.Threeyearslater,hewasa_______tospeakgoodChinese.答案:ableIt'sakindofpromise.它是一种承诺.(教材P452b)promise/'prɒmɪs/,/'pra:mɪs/n.承诺;诺言v.许诺;承诺讲(1)[可数名词］承诺;诺言(此处含义)常用短语:Promise+makea/one'spromise许下诺言Promise+breaka/one'spromise违背诺言Promise+keepa/one'spromise信守诺言»Ifyoumakeapromise,youmustkeepit.如果你许下诺言,你就必须信守.»Igotangrywhenhebrokehispromise.当他违背诺言时,我生气了.(2)[动词］许诺;承诺常用结构:promise(not)todosth.许诺(不)做某事;答应(不)做某事promisesb.sth.=promisesth.tosb.向某人承诺某事promise+(that)从句许诺····»Beforesettingout,WangYapingpromisedtopickastarforherdaughter.出发前,王亚平答应给女儿摘一颗星星.»Hepromisedhisgrandsonabike.=Hepromisedabiketohisgrandson.他许诺给他的孙子买一辆自行车.»IpromiseIwillworkhardernextterm,MissLi.李老师,我保证下个学期会更加努力地学习.典例4根据汉语提示填写单词.(日照中考)Theboy_______(承诺)hewouldn'tbelateforschoolanymore.答案:promisedWhenwemakeresolutionsatthebeginningoftheyear,wehopethatwearegoingtoimproveourlives.当我们在新年伊始做决定时,我们希望会改善自己的生活.(教材P452b)atthebeginningof在······开始讲其反义短语为attheendof"在······结尾／末端”.»Atthebeginningofeverychapter,there'sashortpoem,在每一章的开头都有一首短诗.»Attheendoftheparty,wesangasong.聚会结束时,我们唱了一首歌.拓含beginning的其他常用短语;inthebeginning起初;一开始Inthebeginning,Ihadnointerestinphysics.起初,我对物理学不感兴趣.frombeginningtotoend.这个故事我从头到尾都Iknowthestoryfrombeginningend从头到尾了解.典例5用括号中所给词的适当形式填空.(盐城中考)Atthe_______(begin)oftheconcert,TanDunplayedapieceofmusicwithwater.答案:beginningimprove/ɪm'pru:v/v.改进;改善讲(1)[及物动词］(此处用法)»Thesetipsareusedtoimproveyoursocialskills.这些建议是用来提高你的社交技能的.(2)[不及物动词］»Theirworkingconditionsareimproving.他们的工作环境正在改善.拓improvement[名词］改进,改善selfimprovement[名词］自我改进;自我提高»Improvementsintechnologyoftenhappenovernight.技术的进步往往在一夜之间发生.»SomepeopleusetheInternettokilltimewhileothersuseitforselfimprovement.一些人使用互联网来消磨时间,而另一些人则用它来进行自我提升.典例6根据句意及首字母提示填写单词.(大庆中考改编)Onthewebsite,youcanchat(聊天)withothersinEnglishtoi_______yourspokenEnglish.答案:improveSomepeoplewritedowntheirresolutionsandplansfortheingyear,一些人写下他们来年的决定和计划.(教材P452b)writedown写下;记录下讲是＂动词＋副词＂型短语.writedown+名词＝write+名词＋downwrite+代词＋down»Writedownyourideas.Writeyourideasdown.写下你的想法.»Thesearenewwords.Writethemdown.这些是生词,把它们写下来.拓常见的＂动词＋down"短语:falldown跌倒cutdown砍倒;削减liedown躺下breakdown出故障diedown逐渐变弱turndown把······调低;拒绝lookdown向下看putdown放下;记下takedown拆除;写下godown倒下;下沉典例7根据汉语意思完成句子.(盘锦中考改编)毕业典礼上,学生们在签名册上写下了自己的名字.Students_______________theirnamesinthealbumatthegraduationceremony.答案:wrotedown/tookdown/putdownSomepeoplemightsaytheyaregoingtotakeupahobbylikepaintingortakingphotos,orlearntoplaytheguitar.一些人可能会说他们打算培养一种爱好,比如画画、摄影或者学习弹吉他.(教材P452b)takeup(尤指为消遣)学着做;开始做讲其后常跟名词或动词ing作宾语.»Shesaysanyonecantakeupliondancing.她说任何人都可以学习舞狮.»I'mgoingtotakeupcookingbecauseIlikeeatingdeliciousfood.我打算学烹饪,因为我喜欢吃美味的食物.拓占用(时间);占据(空间)»Iwouldn'ttakeuptoomuchofyourtime.我不会占用你太多的时间.»Thenewfridgetakesuptoomuchroom.新冰箱占据了太多空间.典例8根据句意,在空格处填上一个恰当的词,使句意完整、通顺.(2022·岳阳中考改编)Whydostudentshavefreetimeto_______uptheirhobbies?BecauseChinahasintroducedthe"doublereduction"policy("双减＂政策).答案:takepaint/pernt/v.用颜料画;在······上刷油漆;n.油漆;绘画颜料讲(1)[动词］用颜料画;在······上刷油漆(此处用法)paintsth.+颜色把某物漆成······颜色»Ipaintedthewallwhitelastmonth.上个月,我把墙漆成了白色.(2)[名词］油漆;绘画颜料»Carefulthepaintisstillwet.小心油漆未干.语境串记Shebeganpainting(v.)withoilpaints(n.)attheageof7.她七岁时开始用油画颜料画画.Someresolutionshavetodowithbetterplanning,likemakingaweeklyplanforschoolwork.有些决定与更好的规划有关,比如为功课制订周计划.(教材P452b)havetodowith关于;与······有关系讲havemuch/something/nothingtodowith与······有很大关系／有些关系／无关»Herpaperhastodowithgeneticengineering.她的论文与遗传工程有关.»Forme,happinesshasnothingtodowithmoney,Havingalovingandcaringfamilyisenough.对我来说,幸福与金钱无关.有一个充满爱和关怀的家庭就足够了.典例9根据所给中文完成句子.(常州中考)一些人认为成功与运气有关.Somepeoplethink____________________.答案:successhassomethingtodowithluckweekly/'wi:kli/adj.&adv.每周的(地)讲(1)[形容词］每周的只用于名词前作定语.»TheBigIssueisaweeklymagazinelaunchedin1991tohelphomelesspeople.TheBigIssue是1991年发行的周刊,旨在帮助无家可归的人.(2)[副词］每周地»Hewritesalettertohisparentsweekly.他每周给父母写一封信.拓weekly[可数名词］周报,周刊其复数形式为weeklies.»Iboughttwoweekliesyesterday.昨天我买了两份周报.Sometimestheresolutionsmaybetoodifficulttokeep.有时这些决定可能太难而无法坚持下去.(教材P452b)too...to...太······而不能······讲其中too为副词,其后跟形容词或副词原级;to为不定式符号,后接动词原形.»Thissoupistoosaltytoeat.这汤太咸了,不能喝.拓too...to...结构可以和so/such…that...(如此······以至于······)以及not...enoughtodosth.(不够······而不能做某事)进行同义转换.»他年纪太小,不能独自一人去上学.Heistooyoungtogotoschoolonhisown.Heissoyoungthathecan'tgotoschoolonhisown.Heisnotoldenoughtogotoschoolonhisown.特别提醒Too…to.,,结构中,too前有否定词(如never)时,表达肯定意义.谚It'snevertoolatetolearn.活到老,学到老.谚It'snevertoolatetomend.亡羊补牢,犹未为晚.典例10按要求完成句子,每空一词.(2022,上海中考)Afterhearingthenews,Tomwassoexcitedthathecouldn'tfallasleep.(保持句意基本不变)Afterhearingthenews,Tomwas_______excited_______fallasleep.答案:too;toToquestiontheideaofmakingresolutions质疑做决定的想法(教材P462c)question/'kwestfən/v.表示疑问;怀疑;提问;质询讲(1)[动词］表示疑问;怀疑(此处用法)»Noonedarestoquestionhisdecisions.没有人敢质疑他的决定.(2)[动词］提问;质询»Theyquestionedheronherrelationshiptothechild.他们询问了她和那个孩子的关系.拓［可数名词］问题»Canyouanswermyquestions?你能回答我的问题吗?Togivethemeaningofresolution给出＂决定＂的含义(教材P462c)meaning/'mi:nin/n.意义;意思讲［可数名词］＆［不可数名词］themeaningof...·.··的意思»Doyouknowthemeaningofthisword?你知道这个单词的意思吗?»Shebegantorealizethemeaningoflifeaftertheaccident.那次事故之后,她开始认识到生命的意义.»EachshapeoftheChineseknothasitsownmeaning.每种形状的中国结都有它本身的含义.Todiscussthedifferentkindsofresolutions讨论不同类型的决定(教材P462c)discuss/dɪ'skʌs/v.讨论;商量讲［动词］相当于talkabout.discusssth,withsb.和某人讨论／商量某事»WewillmeetnextMondaytodiscusstheprojectagain.我们将在下周一再次讨论这个项目.»Ifyouhavedifficultyinmakingadecision,discussitwithyourparents.如果你做决定有困难,和你的父母讨论一下.典例11根据句意及汉语提示填写