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2022高考英语阅读之说明文基础训练(二)
(A)
Thegrocerystoremightnotbeyourfavoriteplacetovisitwhenyou'reathome,
butisiteverfunwhenyou'reinanothercountry?Honestlyspeaking,they'reoneof
thosestrangelittledestinationsthatIliketosniffouteverywhereIgo,muchasother
travelersheadtowardclothingstores,libraries,coffeeshopsorgalleries.
Thegreatestbeautyofthegrocerystore—whetherit*sasupermarketoratiny
shop一isthatitgivesyouaglimpseintowhatlocalpeoplebuytocooktheirown
meals.Thisofferscluesintotheirlifestylesandpreferences,andintotheagricultural
andcookingpracticesofthecountry.Istareatthestrangefruitsandvegetables,the
seafood,thecheese,thespices,thebread,andoh,thechocolate...alwaysthechocolate!
Beingtheenvironmentalnerd(呆子)Iam,Ilikepayingattentiontopackaging,
whichcanreflectpeople'sattitudestowardsenvironmentalprotection.Italy,for
example,hasahabitofrequiringcustomerstobagtheirfruitsandvegetablesinplastic
forweighing,whileSriLankaleaveseverythinglooseinbins.InBrazil,everythingis
prepackagedinalayerofplastic.
Peopleingrocerystorestendtobefriendlier.Theysmile,sayhello,and
sometimesaskquestions,whichcanleadtogreatconversations.Ihadafurther
discussionwithateenagedcashierinSriLanka,overwhichbagof
crunchy(松脆的)mixtobuy.Heinsistedthattheonelabeled"spicy"wouldbetoo
hotforme,butItoldhimIwaswillingtoriskit.Helaughedandweendeduptalking
aboutmyfavoriteSriLankanfoodsfortenminutes.
It'sinterestingthentocomehomeandlookatone'sownlocalgrocerystore
throughneweyes.Whatwouldavisitorthink?Whatstandsout,andwhatdothefood
displayssayaboutusasaculture?Youmightbesurprisedbywhatyourealize.
1.Accordingtotheauthor,whatisthekeybenefitofvisitingforeigngrocerystores?
A.Learningtocookforeigndishes.
B.Makingfriendswithlocalpeople.
C.Buyingcheaperfoodandsouvenirs.
D.Knowinglocalpeopleandthecountry.
2.Whatdoestheauthorshowbymentioningsomecountriesinparagraph3?
A.People'sspeciallifestyles.B.People'sshoppinghabits.
C.People'senvironmentalawareness.D.People'spackagingmethods.
3.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?
A.SriLankansknowalotaboutfood.
B.Grocerystoresaregoodsocialplaces.
C.Grocerystoresvaryindifferentcountries.
D.SriLankansliketogivestrangerssuggestions.
4.Whichofthefollowingshowsthestructureoftext?(P:paragraph)
(B)
Lifewillprobablybeverydifferentin2O5O.Firstofall,itseemsthatTVchannels
willhavevanishedby2050.Instead,peoplewillchooseaprogrammefroma"menu”
andacomputerwillsendtheprogrammedirectlytothetelevision.By
2050,music,films,programmes,newspapersandbookswillcometousinthe
similarway.Inmanyplaces,agricultureisdevelopingquicklyandpeopleare
growingfruitandvegetablesforexport.Thisusesalotofwater.Therefore,therecould
beseriousshortagesofwater.Somescientistspredictthatwatercouldbethecauseof
warsifwedon'tactnow.
Inthefuture,carswillrunonnew,cleanfuelsandtheywillgoveryfast.Cars
willhavecomputerstocontrolthespeedandtherewontbeanyaccidents.Today,
manycarshavecomputersthattelldriversexactlywheretheyare.By2050,the
2
computerwillcontrolthecaranddriveittoyourdestination.Also,by2050,space
planeswillflypeoplefromLosAngelestoTokyoinjusttwohours.
Somebigcompaniesnowprefertouserobotsthatdonotaskforpayrisesorgo
onstrike,andwork24hoursaday.Theyarealsoeasytocontrol.Andtheynever
arguewithpeople.Theycanbeeasilyusedinavarietyofplaces——factories,schools,
offices,hospitals,shopsandhomes.
Scientistswillhavediscoveredhowtocontrolgenes.Scientistshavealready
producedclonesofanimals.By2050scientistswillbeabletoproduceclonesofpeople
anddecidehowtheylookandhowtheybehave.Scientistswillbeabletodothese
things,butshouldthey?
1.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“vanished"underlinedinParagraph1?
ASettled.B.Disappeared.
C.Decreased.D.Spread.
2.WhatdoesParagraph4intendtoshow?
A.Robotshavemanyadvantages.
B.Robotshavemuchtobeimproved.
C.Robotsworkforhumansforfree.
D.Robotscanworkindifferentplaces.
3.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoexpressinthelastparagraph?
AHeislookingforwardtousingcloningtechnology.
BHeprobablydisagreeswiththeideaofhumancloning.
CThescientistshavealreadydiscoveredhowtocontrolgenes.
DThescientistswillfocemanydifficultiesofcontrollinggenes.
4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?
A.High-techCars
B.IsCloningReallyGood?
C.LifeintheFuture
D.AreYouReadyfortheFuture?
(C)
3
Thescientistsplacedunderwaterspeakersinareaswherecoralhadbeendyingin
Australia'snorthernGreatBarrierReef.Theyplayedcertainsoundsoveraperiodof
about6weeksandstudiedtheresults.Theteamreportedthattwiceasmanyfish
arrivedinareaswherethesoundsofhealthycoralwereplayed.Amongthearriving
fishwerespeciesthatfeedonallmajorfoodsources.
Theresearchersnotedtheimportanceofhavingmanydifferentkindsoffish
returntothearea.Differentspeciesoffishperformmanyactivitiesthatsupportthe
oceanenvironmentandsealife."Damagedreefshaveahigherchanceofrecoveryif
theyhavehealthyfishpopulation,9,thescientistswroteinthereport.
SteveSimpsonsaidthat"'healthycoralreefsareremarkablynoisyplaces.^^They
containthesoundsofmanykindsofshrimp,fishandotherseacreatures.Youngfish
listenforthesesoundswhentheyarelookingforaplacetosettle.Headdedthatreefs
"becomeghostlyquiet“whentheysufferdestructionthatisusuallyrelatedto
human-causedpollution.Coraldamagecancauseunappealingsmellsandsoundsthat
driveshrimpandfishaway.
MarkMeekanisafishbiologist.Hesaidthatthereturnofthesefishisthefirst
steptoseeingmajorimprovementsinreefhealth.^^Recoveryisunderpinnedbyfish
thatcleanthereefandcreatespacefbrcoralstoregrow,“hesaid.TimGordonsayshe
believessoundcanbeusedtobringbackdeadcoralinareassufferingmajor
destructioninoceansacrosstheworld.
UniversityofBristolprofessorAndyRadfordsaidtheunderwatersoundsarea
promisingwaytofightcoralreefdamageatthelocalcommunitylevel.Buthenoted
thatotherthreatsneedtobereducedaswell.Theseincludeclimatechange,pollution
andoverfishing.Fromlocalmanagementinnovationstointernationalpoliticalaction,
weneedmeaningfulprogressatalllevelstopaintabetterfutureforreefsworldwide.
1.Whydidresearchersattractfishbyplayingsoundsunderwater?
A.Tostudythepopulationoffish.
B.Tocatchfishasmajorfoodsources.
C.Torecoverdamagedreefsnaturally.
D.Torecordthesoundsofhealthycorals.
4
2.HowdidSteveexplainthecoralreefs?
A.Bypresentingtheresearchresults.B.Bymakingcomparisons.
C.Bylistingsomespecificdata.D.Bygivingsomeexamples.
3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“underpinned“inPara.4mean?
A.DestroyedB.AffectedC.SupportedD.Attacked.
4.WhatdoesProfessorAndystress?
A.Reefneedsprotectionatalllevels.
B.Climatechangeismoreseriousthanreefdamage.
C.Overfishingthreatensworldcoralreef.
D.Pollutionneedsinternationalpoliticalaction.
(D)
Whenhewastwoyearsold,Benstoppedseeingoutofhislefteye.Hismother
tookhimtothedoctorandsoondiscoveredhehadcancerinbotheyes.Afterpossible
treatmentsfailed,doctorsremovedbothhiseyes.ForBen,visionwasgoneforever.
Butbythetimehewassevenyearsold,hehaddevelopedatechniqueforfeeling
theworldaroundhim:heclickedwithhismouthandlistenedforthereturningechoes.
ThismethodenabledBentodeterminethelocationsofopendoorways,people,parked
cars,garbagecans,andsoon.Hewasecholocating:bouncinghissoundwavesoff
objectsintheenvironmentandcatchingthereflectionstobuildamentalmodelofhis
sun*oundings.
Echolocationmaysoundlikeanimprobablefeatforahuman,butthousandsof
blindpeoplehaveperfectedthisskill,justlikeBendid.Theeventhasbeenwritten
aboutsinceatleastthe1940s,whentheword"echolocation”wasfirstinventedina
sciencearticletitled"EcholocationbyBlindMen,Bats,andRadar.”
Howcouldblindnessgiverisetotheamazingabilitytounderstandthe
surroundingswithone'sears?Theanswerliesinagiftonthebrain;hugeadaptability.
MotherNaturefilledourbrainswithflexibilitytoadapttocircumstances.Justas
sharpteethandfastlegsareusefulforsurvival,soisthebrain*sabilitytoreset,which
allowsforlearning,memory,anddieabilitytodevelopnewskills.
InBen'scase,hisbrain'sflexiblewiringrepurposedhisvisualcortexfor
5
processingsound.Asaresult,Benhadmoreneuronsavailabletodealwithlistening
information,andthisincreasedprocessingpowerallowedBentointerpretsoundwaves
inshockingdetail.Ben*ssuper-hearingprovesamoregeneralrule:themorebrainarea
aparticularsensehas,thebetteritperforms.
1.HowdidBen“see”afterhehadhiseyesremoved?
A.Byusingawalkingstick.B.Byaskingothersforhelp.
C.Byinventinganewsystem.D.Byecholocatingsurroundings.
2.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordU4feaf,inParagraph3probablymean?
A.Skill.B.Task.C.Sense.D.Invention.
3.WhatcanwelearnfromBen'scase?
A.Helaughsbestwholaughslast.
B.Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.
C.Godshutsonedoorbutheopensanother.
D.Manbecomeslearnedbyaskingquestions.
4.Inwhichcolumnofamagazinecanwereadthispassage?
A.CultureShock.B.HumanBiology.
C.ScientificTechnology.D.EnvironmentalProtection.
(E)
Remotetechnologieswillplayanincreasingly-vitalroleindrivingtheeducation
industry,astheCOVID-19pandemic(流行病)forcedtheworldtogoremote,
accordingtoanindustryinsider.
"Remotetechnologyiscontinuingtoempower(授权)onlineeducation,withlarge
migrationsonline.Withthecontinuousapplicationofnewtechnologymethodssuchas
bigdataandartificialintelligence,students9learningoutcomeshavebeensignificantly
improved/9saidWangYan,chiefarchitectureofficeratZuoyebang(作业帮).
"Technologyandoutcomesaretwomajorchallengesthatcompaniesfacewhen
theytransformfromofflinetoonline.Theeducationindustryisfacingthelargesttraffic
challengeever,^^Wangsaid.
Toupgradetheinfrastructure(基不出设施),Zuoyebanghascontinuedtoupgradeits
technology,changingfromitsoriginalsinglecloudservicetomultiplecloudservices
6
andfrommostlyusingthird-partylivebroadcastsystemstonowrelyingonan
independentsystem.
“Foronlineclasses,onlylive-streamingcanachievearealinteracting(交互式的)
effect,whichcangetbothstudentsandteachersmoreinvolved.Itisimpossibleto
achievesuchoutcomesthroughrecordedandbroadcastlessons/9headded.
TheBeijing-basedcompanydevelopedacompletesetoflive-streaming
architecturebasedontheZRTCagreement.Itcanfullysupportclasses,including
one-on-onetutoringandsix-to-sixsmallinteractiveclasses.Inthefiveweeksfrom
February3toMarch9lastyear,Zuoyebanghashelped275teachersbring1,832classes
tomorethan33millionprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentsacrossthecountry.
1.Whichtechniqueismostbeneficialtostudentswhohaveonlineclasses?
A.broadcastlessonsB.live-streaming
C.face-to-facelessonsD.recordedlessons
2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.
A.Remotetechnologyisakeydriverforeducation.
B.Thecompanyhasupgradeditstechnologytoovercomeitschallenge.
C.Thecompanythathaslivestreamingarchitecturecanonlysupportclassicalbig
classesteaching.
D.Zuoyebanghashelpedthousandsofprimaryandmiddleschoolstudentsto
haveonlineclasses.
3.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsRemotetechnologies?
A.WorriedB.NegativeC.OpposedD.Confident
参考答案:
(A):DCBC
(B):BABC
(C):CBCA
(D)
1o根据第二段中“Buibythetimehewassevenyearsold,hehaddevelopedatechniquefor
feelingtheworldaroundhim:heclickedwithhismouthandlistenedforthereturningechoes.(但
在他七岁的时候,他已经发展出了一种感受周围世界的技术:他用嘴发出咔哒咔哒的声音,
7
听着声音的回音)”可知,Ben的眼睛被摘除后,他通过回声定位周围环境。故选D。
2o根据画线词后文“butthousandsofblindpeoplehaveperfectedthisskill,justlikeBen
did”可知,回声定位对人类来说可能听起来是一项不太可能的技能,但成千上万的盲人已
经完善了这项技能,就像Ben一样。由此推知,画线词意思是“技能”。A.Skill.技能;B.Task.
任务;C.Sense.感觉;D.Invention.发明。故选A。
3o根据第一段的aForBen,visionwasgoneforever(对于Ben来说视觉永远失去了)
和最后一段中“InBen'scase,hisbrain'sflexiblewiringrepurposedhisvisualcortexfor
processingsound.Asaresult,Benhadmoreneuronsavailabletodealwithlisteninginformation,
andthisincreasedprocessingpowerallowedBentointerpretsoundwavesinshockingdetail.(在
Ben的例子中,他大脑的灵活线路改变了他的视觉皮层处理声音的功能。结果,Ben有了更
多的神经元可用来处理听到的信息,这种增强的处理能力使Ben能够以惊人的细节解释声
波)”可知,Ben虽然失去了视力,但发展出了回声定位的技能,所以他的故事告诉我们“天
无绝人之路”的道理。故选C。
4o根据倒数第二段"MotherNaturefilledourbrainswithflexibilitytoadaptto
circumstances.Justassharpteethandfastlegsareusefulforsurvival,soisthebrain'sabilityto
reset,whichallowsforlearning,memory,anddieabilitytodevelopnewskills.(大自然让我们的
大脑充满了适应环境的灵活性。就像锋利的牙齿和快速的腿有助于生存一样,大脑的重置能
力也是如此,它允许学习、记忆和死亡发展新技能的能力)”结合文章讲述了B
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