国际关系学院211翻译硕士英语专业硕士历年考研真题及详解

目录

2011年国际关系学院211翻译硕士英语

考研真题及详解

2012年国际关系学院211翻译硕士英语

考研真题及详解

2013年国际关系学院211翻译硕士英语

考研真题及详解

2014年国际关系学院211翻译硕士英语

考研真题及详解

2016年国际关系学院211翻译硕士英语

（A卷）考研真题及详解

2011年国际关系学院211翻译硕士英语考研真题及详解

一、词语解释题（每题1.5分，总共15分）

Directions:Explainthefollowingwords,abbreviationsorterminologyin

yourownwords(inEnglishonly,please).

1．NGO

【答案】NGOistheabbreviationofNon-GovernmentalOrganization.Itis

anorganizationthatisnotpartofthelocalorstateorfederalgovernment.

【解析】NGO是“Non-GovernmentalOrganization”的缩写，意思是“非政

府组织”，即除政府之外的其他社会公共组织。

2．vegetableman

【答案】Vegetablemanareunabletomove,think,orspeak,andtheir

conditionisnotlikelytoimprove.

【解析】植物人指大脑已经完全或大半失去功能，亦即已经失去意识，

但尚存活的人。虽然植物人仍旧有心跳，且通常犹有反射动作（意即其

脑干依旧存活且能发挥功能），但是植物人的生命延续通常必需他人的

照护，进食等行为都得由他人协助才能完成。

3．plasticart

【答案】Plasticartsareartformswhichinvolvephysicalmanipulationofa

plasticmediumbymouldingormodelingsuchassculptureorceramics.The

termhasalsobeenappliedmorebroadlytoallthevisualarts(suchas

painting,sculpture,filmandphotography).

【解析】造型艺术是艺术形态之一。指以一定物质材料（如绘画用颜

料、纸、木板等，雕塑、工艺用木、石、金属等，建筑用多种建筑材料

等）和手段创造的可视静态空间形象的艺术。

4．aCasanova

【答案】ACasanovaisanymannotedforhisamorousadventures.

【解析】“Casanova”指的是卡萨诺瓦式人物（意大利浪荡公子），即花

花公子。

5．CertifiedPublicAccountant

【答案】ACertifiedPublicAccountantissomeonewhohasreceiveda

certificatestatingthatheorsheisqualifiedtoworkasanaccountantwithina

particularstate.

【解析】注册会计师，是指取得注册会计师证书并在会计师事务所执业

的人员，英文全称“CertifiedPublicAccountant”，简称为CPA。

6．tomortgageahouse

【答案】Ifyoumortgageahouse,youuseitasaguaranteetoacompanyin

ordertoborrowmoneyfromthem.

【解析】“mortgageahouse”指的是将房屋抵押给银行，以此获得贷款。

7．Linux

【答案】Linuxisafreeandopen-sourceversionoftheUNIXoperating

system.

【解析】Linux操作系统是基于UNIX操作系统发展而来的一种克隆系

统，可免费使用和自由传播。

8．anAppleofDiscord

【答案】AnAppleofDiscordisusedtosignifythecoreofanargument,or

asmallmatterthatcouldleadtoabiggerdispute.

【解析】“anAppleofDiscord”直译为“纠纷的苹果”，出自荷马史诗Iliad

中的希腊神话故事，引申为争斗的来源。传说厄里斯（Eris）没有收到

宙斯的邀请而十分生气，她在筵席上放了一个金苹果，上面镌刻着“属

于最美者”几个字。天后赫拉（Hera），智慧女神雅典娜（Athena）、

爱与美之神阿芙罗狄蒂（Aphrodite），都自以为最美，应得金苹果，获

得“最美者”称号。三人的争执引发了一系列灾难，也导致了特洛伊战争

的爆发。

9．decimalnumbers

【答案】Thedecimalsystemisa10-baseddigitalsystem.

【解析】“decimalsystem”为十进制，是以10为基础的数字系统。

10．BigBrother

【答案】BigBrotherreferstoaperson,government,ororganizationwhich

hascompletecontroloverpeopleandisalwayscheckingwhattheydo.

【解析】“老大哥”指的是一个完全监视与控制着人们的人、政府或组

织。

二、词汇语法题（每题0.5分，总共l0分）

Directions:Foreachquestioninthissection.pleaseselectthebestanswer

fromamongthechoicesgiven.

1．Thestereotypicalimageofmasculinityassumesthatweepingis_______

“unmanly”behavior,andnotsimplyahumanreactionwhichmaybe

_______byeithersex.

A.inexplicably….repented

B.excessively….discerned

C.essentially….defined

D.inherently….adopted

E.intentionally….exaggerated

【答案】D

【解析】句意：男子气概的刻板印象人为哭泣是一种本质上“不男人”的

行为，而不仅仅是一种无论何种性别都可以采用的人类反

应。“inexplicably”说不清的。“repent”悔悟。

2．Therearetoomany_______andnotenoughseriousworkers.

A.sycophants

B.kleptomaniacs

C.novices

D.dilettantes

E.zealots

【答案】D

【解析】根据句意可知，空白处应该与“seriousworkers”意思相

反。“dilettante”业余爱好者。“sycophant”谄媚者。“kleptomaniac”有窃盗

癖的人。“novice”初学者。“zealot”狂热者。

3．Ifyoucometotheconferencetablewithsuchan_______attitude,we

cannotexpecttoreachanyharmoniousagreement.

A.exemplary

B.iridescent

C.indolent

D.obdurate

E.unwonted

【答案】D

【解析】根据后半句“harmonious”可知，空格处应该是一个贬义词，而

且意思与之相反。“obdurate”顽固的。“exemplary”典范

的。“iridescent”彩虹色的。“indolent”懒惰的。“unwonted”不习惯的。

4．Thegoodnight'ssleephad_______effectonthewearyclimber,who

wokerefreshedandeagertoresumetheascent.

A.aninnocuous

B.atonic

C.aminor

D.anenervating

E.adetrimental

【答案】B

【解析】“tonic”滋补的；使精神振作的。“innocuous”无害

的。“enervating”使人衰弱的。“detrimental”不利的。

5．Sheisaninteresting_______,aninfinitelyshypersonwho,inapparent

contradiction,possessesanenormouslyintuitive_______forunderstanding

people.

A.aberrationdisdain

B.caricaturetalent

C.specimenloathing

D.phenomenondisinclination

E.paradoxgift

【答案】E

【解析】句意：她是个有趣的矛盾体，一个十分害羞的人却有一种能够

凭直觉理解他人的强大天赋。“haveagift/talentfor”对……有天

赋。“aberration”失常。“caricature”讽刺画。“specimen”样

品。“disdain”蔑视。

6．Althoughitspublicityhasbeen_______,thefilmitselfisintelligent,

well-acted,handsomelyproduced,andaltogether_______.

A.tastelessrespectable

B.extensivemoderate

C.sophisticatedamateur

D.risquécrude

E.perfectspectacular

【答案】A

【解析】第一个空格处应该与“intelligent,well-acted,handsomely”意思相

反，而第二个空格处应与这几个词意思相近，因此A项符合题意。

7．Conservativehistorianswhorepresentatraditionalaccountedas_______

becauseofitsagemaybeguiltyoftakingontrustwhattheyshouldhave

_______inaconscientiousfashion.

A.ancientestablished

B.falsereiterated

C.mythicalfabricated

D.accurateexamined

E.suspiciouschallenged

【答案】D

【解析】句意：那些仅仅因为其年代久远,而将历史传说描述成可靠准

确的保守历史学家应该为他们的这种做法感到羞愧，他们本应该采取认

真谨慎的态度来探究它们。“reiterate”重申。根据“guilty”和“should

have”可知，这些科学家们原本应该仔细检查，因此D项正确。

8．Maggieisaprocrastinator,naturallyinclinedto_______andto_______

discussions.

A.meddlescoffat

B.long

C.misbehavedisrupt

D.sneerterminate

E.withdraw….intrudein

【答案】B

【解析】根据and可知，两个单词应该意思相近。“meddle”管闲

事。“scoffat”嘲笑。“temporize”拖延。“procrastinator”拖延者。B项两个

单词都有“延长”的意思，因此B项正确。

9．Opponentsoftheresearchinstitutelabelit_______anachronism;its

scholars,theyallege,have______rivalingthoseofpre-RevolutionaryFrench

nobility.

A.anelitist….perquisites

B.amonarchical….tribulations

C.anirreproachable….luxuries

D.areprehensible….afflictions

E.acommendable….privileges

【答案】A

【解析】句意：这所研究所的对手给它贴上了精英的错误时代标签,他

们宣称,这家研究所的学者领取的额外津贴相当于那些革命前的法国贵

族。“anachronism”时代错误。“perquisite”额外补贴。“irreproachable”无

可指责的。“reprehensible”应斥责的。“commendable”值得赞美的。根据

句意可知，这所研究所的对手在讽刺其额外津贴太多。

10．SinceestablishingtheChildren'sDefenseFundin1973,MarianWright

Edelmanhasbeenan_____advocate,steadfastandconstant.

A.unwitting

B.unswerving

C.inhibiting

D.elusive

E.antagonistic

【答案】B

【解析】空白处单词应该与“steadfastandconstant”意思相近，因此B

项“坚定不移的”符合题意。“unwitting”不知情的。“unswerving”坚定

的。“inhibiting”约束的。“elusive”易忘的。“antagonistic”敌对的。

11．Thebeardeddragonlizardisavoraciouseater,so_______thatitwill

consumeasmanyinsectsaspossible.

A.abstemious

B.cannibalistic

C.slovenly

D.insatiable

E.unpalatable

【答案】D

【解析】根据句意可知，空白处单词应与“voracious”意思相近，因此D

项正确。“voracious”贪吃的。“insatiable”贪得无厌的。“abstemious”节约

的。“cannibalistic”同类相食的。“slovenly”懒散的。“unpalatable”味道差

的。

12．Asonewouldexpect,thereclusivepoet_______publicappearances

andinvasionsofprivacy.

A.rewarded

B.endorsed

C.neglected

D.invited

E.detested

【答案】E

【解析】句意：正如人们所期望的那样，隐居诗人十分厌恶公开露面和

被侵犯隐私。“reclusive”隐居的。“endorse”认可。空格处表示“隐居诗

人”对“公众场合的亮相和个人隐私被侵犯”做的动作，因此E项正确。

13．Onlyrecentlycreated,thisorchidisa_______,aplantproducedby

deliberatelycrossbreedingtwodifferentvarietiesofflowers.

A.misnomer

B.hybrid

C.vector

D.curative

E.precursor

【答案】B

【解析】根据“crossbreeding”可知，这种兰花是杂交所得，因此B项正

确。“hybrid”杂种。“misnomer”用词不当。“vector”矢量。“curative”药

品。“precursor”先驱。

14．Physicalexerciseoftenhasa_______effect,releasingemotional

tensionandrefreshingthespirit.

A.pejorative

B.debilitating

C.cathartic

D.retentive

E.tenacious

【答案】C

【解析】根据后面“释放情感压力”与“使人精神振奋”，空格处单词应该

是有宣泄意思的形容词。“cathartic”通便的；精神宣泄

的。“pejorative”轻蔑的。“debilitating”使衰弱的。“retentive”记性好

的。“tenacious”顽强的。

15．Thejudgesforthechilicompetitionwere_______,notingsubtle

differencesbetweendishedthatmostpeoplewouldnotdetect.

A.obscure

B.deferential

C.discriminating

D.sanctimonious

E.unrelenting

【答案】C

【解析】句意：麻辣比赛的评委是有识别能力的，能发现别人不能发现

的菜肴之间的细微差别。“discriminating”有识别力的。“deferential”恭敬

的。“sanctimonious”假装虔诚的。“unrelenting”无情的；不屈不挠的。

16．Namedinhonoroftheschool'sfounder,theRichardBrownstone

CommunityServiceFellowshipisoneofthehighestawards_______

BrownstoneSchoolgraduates.

A.conscriptedto

B.redeemedfor

C.conferredon

D.relegatedto

E.deprivedof

【答案】C

【解析】句意：为了纪念学校的创始人，理查德布朗斯通社区服务奖学

金是授予布朗斯通学校毕业生最高的奖学金之一。“conferon”授

给。“conscript”征召。“redeemfor”为……弥补。“relegateto”委托

给。“depriveof”剥夺。

17．Afterseveralmonthsoftraining,the_______youngspanielwasfinally

______enoughtobewalkedsafelywithoutaleash.

A.eager….unruly

B.placid….defiant

C.clever….helpful

D.boisterous….docile

E.vigilant….convinced

【答案】D

【解析】句意：经过几个月的训练，性格暴躁的西班牙猎狗终于十分温

顺，可以不系皮带安全地遛弯。根据“finally”可知，两个空白处单词意

思应该相反，而且第一个应该带有贬义。“boisterous”狂暴

的。“docile”温顺的。“placid”平静的。“defiant”挑衅的。“vigilant”警惕

的。

18．FolkpainterGrandmaMosehasbecomesuchanenduringiconthat

manyconsiderher_____ofAmerica.

A.aninnovator

B.anemblem

C.asuccessor

D.adetractor

E.alobbyist

【答案】B

【解析】句意：民间画家莫斯已经成为一个经久不衰的偶像，许多人认

为她是美国的象征。“emblem”象征。“detractor”贬低者。“lobbyist”说

客。根据“anenduringicon”可知B项正确。

19．Theinternwasalmosttoo_______;hefeltthesufferingofhispatients

asifitwerehisown.

A.candid

B.disarming

C.empathetic

D.insightful

E.hysterical

【答案】C

【解析】句意：那个实习生几乎太感性了，他觉得病人的痛苦好像是他

自己的痛苦。“empathetic”同感的。“candid”公正的。“disarming”使解除

警戒心的。“hysterical”歇斯底里的。

20．Thefewfemalephysicianspracticingattheendofthenineteenth

centurymightbeconsidered_______,becausetheyconstitutedaverysmall

percentageofallphysicians.

A.miscreants

B.revisionists

C.anomalies

D.pacifists

E.extremists

【答案】C

【解析】句意：19世纪末的少数女内科医生被认为是特殊的，因为她们

只占所有内科医生中很少的一部分。因为是少数一部分人，也就是不与

大众相同，所以选择C。“anomaly”反常事物。“miscreant”异端；异教

徒。“revisionist”修正主义者。“pacifist”和平主义者。

三、阅读理解（每题1.25分，总共15分）

Direction:Inthissectiontherearetwopassagesfollowedbyquestionsor

unfinishedstatements,eachwithfivesuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,C,D,

andE.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthebestanswer.

Questions1-12arebasedonthefollowingpassages.

Isaperson'sgenderanimportantinfluenceonhowheorshebehaveswith

others?Contemporarysociologistsandotherscholarshavearguedthis

questionfiercely.Thefollowingpairofpassagespresentstwocontrasting

voicesfromthatdebate.

Passage1

[1]Thedesiretoaffirmthatwomenandmenarecompletelyequalhasmade

somescholarsreluctanttoshowwaysinwhichtheyaredifferent,because

differencesbetweentwogroupsofpeoplehavesooftenbeenusedto

“justify”unequaltreatmentandopportunity.MuchasIunderstandandamin

sympathywiththosewhowishtherewerenodifferencesbetweenwomen

andmenonlyreparablesocialinjustice-myresearchonstylesofconversation

tellsmethat,atleastinthisarea,itsimplyisn'tso.Ibelievethatthereare

genderdifferencesinwaysofspeaking,andweneedtoidentifyand

understandthem.Withoutsuchunderstanding,wearedoomedtoblame

othersorourselves-orourownrelationships-fortheotherwisemystifyingand

damagingeffectsofourcontrastingconversationalstyles.

[2]Itiscleartomethatrecognizinggenderdifferencesinconversational

styleswouldfreeindividualsfromtheburdenofaninappropriatesenseof

beingatfaultforchronicdisagreements.Manywomenandmenfeel

dissatisfiedwiththeircloserelationships-withspouses,siblings,parents-and

becomeevenmorefrustratedwhentheytrytotalkthingsout.Takinga

sociolinguisticapproachtosuchtroublingencountersmakesitpossibleto

explainthesedissatisfactionswithoutaccusinganyoneofbeingwrongand

withoutblaming-ordiscarding-therelationship.

[3]ThesociolinguisticapproachItakeinmyworkisbasedonmybeliefthat

manyfrictionsarisebecause,hereintheUnitedStates,boysandgirlsgrow

upinwhatareessentiallydifferentcultures,sothattalkbetweenwomenand

menisactuallycross-culturalcommunication.Forlittleboys,talkisprimarily

ameansofmakingstatementofachievementthroughgameslikebragging

contests.Thismayalsobedonebyexhibitingknowledgeorskillandby

holdingcenterstagethroughsuchverbalperformanceasstorytelling,joking,

orimpartinginformation.Littlegirlsappeartobeeagertoshareandcompare

interestsandideas.Emphasisisplacedondisplayingsimilaritiesand

matchingexperiences.Forthem,thelanguageofconversationisprimarilya

languageofrapport:awayofestablishingconnection,andnegotiating

relationships.Sothisviewofchildren'sbehaviorpredictsthatmorewomen

thanmenwillbecomfortablespeakingone-on-one,toindividuals.Andeven

whenaddressinganaudience,womenmaybe45moreconcernedthanmen

withestablishingrapport.

Passage2

[1]Genderstereotypesshouldconcernusforseveralreasons.First,theymay

dictatewhatwenoticeandbiasourperceptionsinthedirectionof

expectation.Someresearchersattempttoelucidategenderdifferencesin

ordertohelpwomenandmenunderstandandrespondtooneanotherbetter.

Intheprocess,however,theirworkencouragespeopletonoticeandattendto

differencesratherthansimilarities,toperceivemenandwomenin

accordancewithstereotypesthatmaynotaccuratelydepicttheirbehavioror

intentions.Second,genderstereotypesmaynotonlydescribebehaviorbut

alsoprescribeit,dictatinghowmenandwomen“should”behave.People

begintoactinwaysthatsupportotherpeople'sgender-roleexpectationsof

them.

[2]Itistimetorethinkourunderstandingofgender,tomoveawayfromthe

notionthatmenandwomenhavetwocontrastingstylesofinteractionthat

wereacquiredinchildhood.Weneedtomovefromaconceptualizationof

genderasanattributeorstyleofbehaviortoanunderstandingofgenderas

somethingpeopledoinsocialinteraction.Asanotedscholarproposes,

“Noneofusisfeminineorismasculineorfailstobeeitherofthose.In

particularcontextspeopledofeminine,inothers,theydomasculine.”People

displaycontradictorybehaviorsastheyencounterdifferentsocialnormsand

pressures.

[3]Someresearchersviewmale-femaleconversationsascross-cultural

communication.Thetwo-culturesapproachpostulatesthatdifficultiesin

communicationbetweenmenandwomenarisebecauseofaclashof

conversationalstyles.Butthisapproachhasanumberoflimitations.First,the

coherenceofmaleandfemalesubculturesinchildhoodhasbeenexaggerated.

Wearriveatacontrastingpictureoftheculturesofboysandgirlsonlyby

singlingoutthosechildrenwhofitcommongenderstereotypesand

marginalizingothers.Wefailtonoticethechildrenwhodonotfitthose

stereotypes-forexample,boyswhoexcelatcaringforyoungersiblingsor

girlswhoenjoybuildingthingsinshopclass.Second,althoughchildrenmay

choosesamesexplaymatesaspreferredpartners,theyinteractdailyinside

andoutsideschoolwiththeoppositesex.Childrenhavecountless

experiencescommunicatingwithpeopleofbothsexes:theydonotlearnto

communicateingender-segregatedworlds.Theylearntodisplaydifferent

stylesofinteractionindifferentcontexts:theydonotlearnasinglegender-

relatedstyle.Thesamechildmaydisplaydominanceandgiveorderstoa

youngerplaymatebutshowdeferenceandfollowordersfromanolderfriend.

1．Thetwopassagesdiffermostonwhichtopic?

A.Whetherboysandgirlscommunicateingenderspecificpatterns

B.Whetherimportantsocialbehaviorislearnedinchildhood

C.Whetheradultconversationalstylescanbestudiedsystematically

D.Whethergenderpraysaroleindeterminingachild'splaytimeactivities

E.Whethersocietyconcernsitselfwiththeconceptofgenderroles

2．TheprimarypurposeofPassage1isto_______.

A.presentahistoricaloverviewofacontroversy

B.acknowledgepreviouserrorsinthinking

C.urgechangesinorganizedactivitiesprovidedforchildren

D.assertthevalueofaparticularapproachtoanissue

E.downplaythesignificanceofarecentdiscovery

3．Passage1makeswhichsuggestionabouttheworkof“somescholars”

(Paragraph1)?

A.Itwillbecomewidelyacceptedinthescientificcommunity.

B.Itiswellintentionedbutmisguided.

C.Itattemptstobeobjectivebutdoesnotsucceed.

D.Itputsforthaconvincingtheory.

E.Itcouldbeusedtoexcuseinjusticeinasociety.

4．Passage1arguesthat“recognizinggenderdifferences”(Paragraph2)

wouldmostlikely_______.

A.causepeopletoexaggeratetheirsimilaritieswhencommunicatingwith

oneanother

B.leadtofurtherdissatisfactioninConversationsamongfriendsandrelatives

C.promotetheequaltreatmentofdistinctsocialgroups

D.relieveindividualsofmuchoftheblameforproblemsinrelationships

E.affectthewaythatfutureresearchongenderisconducted

5．In(“Littlegirls….relationships”,Paragraph3),theauthorofPassage1

assumesthatforgirls,aprimaryfunctionofcommunicationisto_______.

A.fosterasenseofintimacybetweenspeakerandlistener

B.establishasetofconversationalrulessharedbyspeakerandlistener

C.conveyinformationpreviouslyunknownbythelistener

D.promotenostalgicfeelingsaboutpastfriendships

E.createanobjectiveatmosphereforpersonaldiscussions

6．TheauthorofPassage2wouldmostlikelychallengetheclaimmadein

Paragraph3ofPassage1(“Themunication”)byarguing

that_____.

A.childrendonotgrowupinsingle-gendercultures

B.childrenmaybecomeskilledatdeceivingadults

C.genderdifferencesareimpossibletoassessscientifically

D.thereislessconflictbetweenmenandwomenthansociologistsassume

E.children'sbehaviorshavechangeddramaticallyinrecentyears

7．ThesentenceinParagraph1ofPassage2(“First...expectation”)primarily

emphasizeswhichdamagingeffectofgenderstereotypes?

A.Theymayoffendthepersonbeingstereotyped.

B.Theymaydistortourobservationsofpeoplewemeet.

C.Theyhavebeenusedtojustifygenderinequality.

D.Theycommonlycausemiscommunicationbetweenmenantiwomen.

E.Theyreflectnegativelyonthosewhobelieveinthem.

8．TheassumptionsunderlyingtheresearchworkdescribedinParagraphl

ofPassage2(“Someresearchersattemptto...tooneanotherbetter”)are

mostsimilartotheassumptionsheldbythe_____.

A.“scholars”underlinedinParagraph1ofPassage1

B.“womenandmen”underlinedinParagraph2ofPassage1

C.“notedscholar”underlinedinParagraph2ofPassage2

D.authorofPassage1

E.authorofPassage2

9．ThequotationinParagraph2ofPassage2(“None...masculine”)

primarilyservesto_____.

A.introduceapersonalexperience

B.provideatypicalexample

C.elaborateonanidea

D.signalachangeintopic

E.offerrecentresearchdata

10．Passage2suggeststhatsomescholarsconstruct“acontrastingpictureof

theculturesofboysandgirls(Paragraph3ofPassage2)bystudyingchildren

whose

A.readinesstointeractwithstrangersisapparent

B.demandforapprovalfromadultsisparticularlystrong

C.rebellionagainstauthorityresultsincreativebehavior

D.personalitiesarehighlyidiosyncratic

E.actionscorrespondtoanarrowpreconceptionofbehavior

11．TheauthorofPassage2impliesthatthe“boys”underlinedinParagraph

3ofPassage2andthe“child”underlinedinParagraph3ofPassage2

resembleoneanotherinthatthey_____.

A.havenotlearnedtoimitateadultbehaviors

B.refusetogetalongwiththeirpeers

C.donotconformtotraditionalgenderstereotypes

D.openlymockadultexpectationsabouttheirbehavior

E.communicateprimarilywithchildrenoftheirowngender

12．Whichofthefollowingbestcharacterizestheideasaboutgender

communicationstylesastheyarepresentedinthetwopassages?

A.Passage1arguesthatstylesarebasedoncompetition,whilePassage2

suggeststhattheyareaformofcooperation.

B.Passage1arguesthatstylesareaburden,whilePassage2impliesthat

theycanhelpfacilitaterelationshipsbetweenmenandwomen.

C.Passage1claimsthatstylesaresemantic,whilePassage2suggeststhat

theyarewhimsical.

D.Passage1suggeststhatstylesareconstant,whilePassage2arguesthat

theyarefluid.

E.Passage1statesthatstylesarerandom,whilePassage2indicatesthattheir

patternsbecomeobviousuponcloserscrutiny.

【答案与解析】

1．A第一篇文章第三段中说“talkbetweenwomenandmenisactually

cross-culturalcommunication”，由第二篇文章第三段可知，作者认为这

种观点有一些局限性。因此两篇文章的主要差异在于男孩和女孩是否在

特定性别模式下进行交流。

2．D由第一篇文章可知，尽管作者很理解并同情那些希望男女之间没

有差别的人，但作者相信在说话的方式上存在性别差异，我们需要识别

并理解它们。

3．B第一篇说到一些学者“reluctanttoshowwaysinwhich...'justify'

unequaltreatment”。作者认为那些学者的本意是好的，但却不同意他们

的观点。作者显然认为承认性别差异有助于人们与异性交往。

4．D第一篇关于性别差异的方法涉及男性和女性与配偶、兄弟姐妹和

朋友的亲密关系。根据这篇文章，“recognizinggenderdifferencesin

conversationalstyleswouldfreeindividualsfromtheburdenofan

inappropriatesenseofbeingatfault”。也就是说这种认识会让人们避免因

性别误解而责备自己(或他人)。

5．A第一篇文章描述了女孩如何通过交流寻求与他人建立亲密关系：

小女孩在谈话中强调“displayingsimilaritiesandmatchingexperiences”。

这篇文章指出，对于女孩来说，语言的目的是“establishingconnection

andnegotiatingrelationships”。

6．A第一篇文章提出“boysandgirlsgrowupinwhatareessentially

differentcultures”，因此任何挑战都必须直接解决这一要求。第二篇文

章的作者说，孩子们有“countlessexperiencescommunicatingwithpeople

ofbothsexes”。因此第二篇文章的作者会认为儿童在单一性别文化中不

会成长。

7．B根据作者的观点，刻板印象“maydictatewhatwenoticeandbiasour

perceptionsinthedirectionofexpectation”。换句话说，当我们遇到别人

时，性别刻板印象可能会导致我们去寻找那些我们所期望的品质，并把

注意力集中在这些品质而不是别的东西上。这些刻板印象使人们很难用

公平公正的眼光去观察人们；他们扭曲了我们对人的看法。

8．D题干中提到的研究者的假设与第一篇作者的观点非常相似。双方

都想“toelucidategenderdifferencesinordertohelpwomenandmen

understandandrespondtoeachotherbetter.”正如第一篇的作者所说，“itis

cleartomethatrecognizinggenderdifferencesinconversationalstyleswould

freeindividualsfromtheburdenofaninappropriatesenseofbeingat

fault”。

9．C这句话前面的句子认为，我们需要把性别看作是“assomething

peopledoinsocialinteraction”。引文指出，“inparticularcontextspeople

dofeminine,inothers,theydomasculine,”这一观点阐述了人们的行为是

由情境而不是性别决定的。

10．E根据第二篇文章，为了突出男孩和女孩之间的差异，一些学

者“singlingoutthosechildrenwhofitcommongenderstereotypesand

marginalizingothers”。通过研究那些倾向于按照刻板印象行事的孩子，

或者“narrowpreconceptionsofbehavior”，这些学者的研究成果中突出显

示男孩和女孩的文化差异。

11．C作者以这些孩子为例，说明他们不符合传统的性别观念。作者指

出，“boyswhoexcelatcaringforyoungersiblings”的男孩们与女孩有更多

的联系。同样的，一个孩子对年轻的玩伴表现出支配倾向，而尊重一个

年长朋友，他的这种行为是由情况而不是性别来决定的。

12．D根据第一篇文章，沟通方式是由性别决定的，因此是固定的和

可预测的。作者说：“Ibelievethattherearegenderdifferencesinwaysof

speaking,andweneedtoidentifyandunderstandthem”。第二篇文章说，

性别沟通方式是不固定的，根据个人和情况而变化：“peopledisplay

contradictorybehaviorsastheyencounterdifferentsocialnormsand

pressures”。

四、解释理解题（每题2分，总共10分）

Directions:ExplaininEnglishhowyouunderstandthefollowingsayingsand

quotes.

1．Itisalwayssafetolearn,evenfromourenemies;seldomsafetoventure

toinstruct,evenourfriends.

—Charles·CalebColton

【答案】Learnfromothersisalwaysasafebehavior.Buttoinstructothers

arealwaysnotsafe,becausenoteveryoneiswillingtobeinstructed.

【解析】学习总是安全的，哪怕是向敌人学习；教育别人却要冒风险，

哪怕是教育朋友。

2．Toknowthatweknowwhatweknow,andtoknowthatwedonotknow

whatwedonotknow,thatistrueknowledge.—Nicolaus·Copernicus

【答案】Ifweknowwhatweknowandwhatwedonotknow,wehavethe

trueknowledge.

【解析】这句话可意译为“知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。”

3．Dictionaryistheonlyplacethatsuccesscomesbeforework.

【答案】Indictionary,theword“success”issortedbefore“work”.Butin

reallife,successcanonlybegainedbywork.

【解析】在字典里，成功比工作排得靠前。但是在生活中，只有通过努

力工作才能获得成功。

4．Thedifferencebetweenschoolandlife?Inschool,you'retaughtalesson

andthengivenatest.Inlife,you'regivenatestthatteachesyoualesson.

—Tom·Bodett

【答案】Inschool,welearntheknowledgeandthenpractice.Butinlife,

failureisourteacher.Wepracticefirstandthenknowhowitworks.

【解析】学校与生活的区别是什么？在学校，先上课后考试。在生活中

则是先接受考验然后再学到知识。

5．IhaveasmuchauthorityasthePope;Ijustdon'thaveasmanypeople

whobelieveit.

—George·Carlin

【答案】ThedifferencebetweenthePopeandIisthatIhavelessadvocates,

butwehavethesamequantityofauthority.

【解析】教皇的信徒和拥护者众多，而我们的区别就在于我的拥护者

少，然而我们拥有的权利是一样多的。

五、完形填空（每题一分，总共15分）

What__1__?Variousremediesareinvogue,noneefficacious,indeed-thatis

mypoint-alldeleterious.Thereisnothingforitbutburningnine-tenthsofthe

stuff.Forconsidertheseremedies.

First,ofcourse,comesthemanwhosimplygives__2__,whosays:“Ihaven't

thetime,”andgoesunder.Virtue,theysay,isitsownreward.Notforhim.

Hetriestopassitoffblusteringlybutheisashamedofhimself__3__death.

Secondisthemanwho,swindlerthoughhebe,yet__4__applauseaspaying

backthe“everyone”journalistinhisownbasecoin.Hedefinesinhismind

thelittlepatchofliteraturethathecanread,thencondemnsalltherest__5__

generalgroundsevolvingaformulawhichshallbevaguelytenableandshall

vaguelyabsolvehim.Aneageryouthasks:“Pray,Sir,whatisyouropinion

ofMrs.VirginiaWoolf?”Hereplies:“Noopinionofmine,mydear

Guildenstern,wouldbeofmuchusetoyou,__6__Mrs.Woolf.IfearIaman

oldfogey.Thesemodernpeopleseemtometohavelosttheirway.Fielding

andJaneAustenaregoodenoughforme.”Guildensternretires,suitably

abashed,andvaguely__7__Mrs.WoolfwithMrs.BertramAtkey,Alice

MeynellwithEllaWheelerWilcox.

Thethirdmangallantlyfacestheinsolubleproblemby__8__thefashion.

Settinghisjaw,hespecialisesinthemodemsofwhomonereadsmostinthe

TimesLiterarySupplement.Feverishly,heconstheworkofallauthors

enshrinedinthatausteremausoleum;feverishly,becausehemayatany

momentbecaughtnappingby__9__.Thisthirdsectionformsthebulkofthe

educatedclass.Membersareeverywhereandspoileverything.Literaturehas

twogreatuses:Thefundamentaluseisthatitcreatesandsatisfiesakeener

tasteforlife;thesuperficialuseisthatit__10_aprecioussocialamenity.

Ourthirdmannotonlyknowsnothingofthefirst;heruinsthesecond.

Decentpeopleconverseaboutbookswithaview__11__commonground

andexchangingdelight(deeporfrivolous)thereon.ButtheThirdManis

mostlyanti-social.Heselectssomevoluminousauthorandcatechiseshis

victimtillhehasfoundaworkwhichthevictimhasnotread.Withahootof

joyousdisgustheleapsupontheconfessionandextolstheunreadbookasthe

finestofthelist.Suchamanwillalwaysbefoundsmackinghislipsinpublic

overStevenson's"WrongBox"toLewisCarroll's“SylvieandBruno.”Chief

ofthistribe,apparently,wasnolessapersonthanColeridge,ofwhom

Hazlittreports:“Hedidnotspeakofhis[Butler's]‘Analogy,’butofhis

‘SermonsattheRollsChapel,’ofwhichIhadneverheard.Coleridge

somehowalwayscontrivedtoprefertheunknowntotheknown.”Exactly;for

thegreataimsof__12__peopleare(1)toavoidbeingscoredoff;(2)toscore

off__13__.Itisthisignoblecompetitionwhichhasruinedtaste,for__14__

itonwemustneedtofollowthecrowd.Itwouldnever__15__toentera

roomfullofpersonsdiscussingMasefieldorWalterdelaMareandexplain

wistfully:“I'vebeenreadingWhittierallday.”MasefieldanddelaMarea