2021年考研英语一真题参考答案

2021年考研英语一真题参考答案

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreach

numberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET(10

points)o

Onestudyfoundthatmusclelossandthe4ofbodyfat

aroundtheabdomenareassociatedwithadeclineinfluid

intelligence.Thissuggeststhe5thatlifestylefactorsmight

helppreventor6thistypeofdecline.

Theresearcherslookedatdatathat7measurementsoflean

muscleandabdominalfatfrommorethan4,000middle-to-older-

agedmenandwomenand8thatdatatoreportedchangesinfluid

intelligenceoverasix-yearperiod.Theyfoundthatmiddle-aged

people9highermeasuresofabdominalfat10worseonmeasures

offluidintelligenceastheyears11.

Forwomen,Iheassociationmaybe12tochangesinimmunity

thatresultedfromexcessabdominalfat;inmen.theimmune

systemdidnotappeartobe13.Itishopedthatfuturestudies

could14thesedifferencesandperhapsleadtodifferent15for

menandwomen.

2.[A]pauses

alternatively

[B]

[B]

return

formally

[C]

[C]

peaks

accidentally

[D]

[D]

fades

generally

3.[A]while[B]since[C]once[D]until

4.[A]detection[B]accumulation[C]consumption[D]separation

5.[A]possibility[B]decision[C]goal[D]requirement

6.[A]delay[B]ensure[C]seek[D]utilize

7.[A]modified[B]supported[C]included[D]predicted

9.[A]with[B]above[C]by[D]against

10.[A]lived[B]managed[C]scored[D]played

11.[A]ranout[B]setoff[C]drewin[D]wentby

12.[A]superior[B]attributable[C]parallel[D]resistant

13.[A]restored[B]isolated[C]involved[D]controlled

14.[A]alter[B]spread[C]remove[D]explain

16.[A]Likewise[B]Meanwhile[C]Therefore[D]Instead

17.[A]change[B]watch[C]count[D]take

18.[A]well-being[B]process[C]formation[D]coordination

19.[A]levels[B]love[C]knowledge[D]space

20.[A]design[B]routine[C]diet[D]prescription

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbelow

eachtextbychoosingA.B.CorD.Markyouranswersonthe

ANSWERSHEET.(40points)o

Text1

TlieGovernmenthaspledgedtochangethelawtointroducea

minimumservicerequirement,sothatevenwhenstrikes

occur,servicescancontinuetooperateThisshouldfromp

artofawiderpackageofmeasurestoaddressthelong-

runningproblemsonBritain,srailways.Yes.moreinvestmentis

neededbulpassengerswillnotbewillingo

21.Theauthorholdsthatthisyear'sincreaseinrail

passengertares

[A]haskeptpacewithinflation.

[C]remainsanunreasonablemeasure.

[D]willeasetrainoperatorsburden.

22.

[A]

[B]

：C]

[D]

23.ThestockbrokerinParagraph2isusedtostandforrail

travelers.

cardrivers.

localinvestors.

ordinarytaxpayers.

ItisindicatedinParagraph3thattrainoperators

[A]havesufferedhugelossesowingtothestrikes.

[B]havefailedtoprovideanadequateservice.

[Daretryingtorepairrelationswiththeunions

24.

[A]

[B]

[C]

[D]

25.

[A]

[B]

[C]

[D]Ifunabletocalmdownpassengers,therailwaysmayhave

toface（本题有争议）thelossofinvestment.（网络答案）。

thecoilapseofoperations.（海文考研）

areductionofrevenue.

achangeofownership.（何凯文答案）

Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

WhoAretoBlamefortheStrikes?

CanNationalizationBringHope?

Aever-risingfaresAren'tSustainable

Text2

LastyearmarkedthethirdyearinarowthatIndonesia's

bleakratedeforestationhasslowedinpace.Onereasonforthe

turnaroundmaybethecountry，santipovertyprogram.

In2007,Indonesiastartedphasinginaprogramthatgives

moneytoitspoorestresidentsundercertainconditions,suchas

requiringpeopletokeepkidsinschoolorgelregularmedical

care.CalledconditionalcashtransfersorCCTs,thesesocial

assistanceprogramsaredesignedtoreduceinequalityandbreak

thecycleofpoverty.

Theyarealreadyusedindozensofcountriesworldwide.In

Indonesia,theprogrammehasprovidedenoughfoodandmedicine

tosubstantiallyreduceseveregrowthproblemsamongchildren.

ButtheCCTprogramsdon'tgenerallyconsidereftectsonthe

environment.Infact,povertyalleviationandenvironmental

protectionareoftenviewedasconflictinggoals,saysPaul

Ferraro,aneconomistatJohnsHopkinsUniversity.

Suchprogramsdonothavetonegativelyaffectthe

environment,though.FerrarowantedtoseeifIndonesia，s

poverty-alleviationprogramwasaffectingdeforestation.

Indonesiahasthethird-largestareaoftropicalforestinthe

worldandoneofthehighestdeforestationrates.

Fenaroanalyzedsatellitedatashowingannualforestloss

from2008to2012一includingduringIndonesia，sphase-inof

theaiitipovertyprogram一in7.468forestedvillagesacross15

provinces."Weseethattheprogramisassociatedwitha30

percentreductionindeforestation,Farrowsays.

That,slikelybecausetheruralpoorareusingthemoneyas

makeshiftinsurancepoliciesagainstinclementweather,Ferraro

says.Typically,ifrainsaredelayed,peoplemayclearlandto

plantmorericetosupplementtheirharvest.WiththeCCTs,

individualsinsteadcanusethemoneytosupplementtheir

harvests.

26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,CCTprogrammesaimto

[A]Facilitatehealth-carereform

[B]helppoorFmiliesgetbetteroff

[C]Improvelocaleducationsystems

[D]lowerdeforestationrales

27.

[A]

：B]

：C]

[D]

28.

[A]

：B]

[C]

[D]

29.ThestudybasedonanareainMexicoexcitedtoshow

that.

cattleraisinghasbeenamajorlivelihoodfbrthepoor

CCTprogramshavehelpedpreservetraditionallifestyles

antipoveilyeftbrtsrequiretheparticipationoflocal

flirmers

economicgrowthtendstocauseenvironmentaldegradat