非谓语动词1：不定式的句法功能课件-2024届高三英语一轮专题

非谓语动词1：不定式(todo)的句法功能bylily塔三2023高中英语语法Ineedsomebody_________我需要有人治愈Somebody_________有人倾诉Somebody___________有人陪伴Somebody________有人相拥It'seasy_________这知之非难Butit'sneverthesame却行之不易tohealtoknowtohavetoholdtosay动词不定式的基本语法功能有哪些？动词不定式Todothatsortofthingisfoolish。Iwanttoseeyouthisevening.Allyouhavetodoistofinishitquickly.Wefoundahousetolivein.ShecameheretostudyEnglish.

Iwarnedthepatientnottoeatcoldwater

aftertheoperation.

主语

宾语表语

定语

状语

宾补作主语Togiveupsmokingisright..放弃吸烟是对的。ItisrighttogiveupsmokingIttakesmeanhourtogotoschoolbybikeeveryday.

每天，骑自行车去上学花费我一个小时。Togotoschoolbybiketakesmeanhoureveryday.作宾语Freddidn’thaveanymoney,sohedecidedtolookforajob.1.Fred没有钱，所以他决定(decideto)找一份工作。2.当句子中有宾语补足语时，it作形式宾语，todo不定式作真正的宾语Ithinkithardtoanswerthequestioninonego.我发现一下子回答出这个问题很难。作表语MyjobistoteachEnglish.Toseeistobelieve.1.我的工作是教英语。2.眼见为实。作定语

1.Betty是第一个知道这真相的人

Bettywasthefirsttoknowthetruth2.当被修饰词是序数词或最高级或者被序数词或最高级修饰时，非谓语动词作定语需要用不定式形式Heisalwaysthefirststudenttocometotheclassroom.他总是第一个到教室的学生。Hewasthebestman

todothejob.他是做这个工作最好的人选。3.当被修饰词是抽象名词时，非谓语动词作定语需要用不定式形式Ihaveachancetostudyabroad.我有一个出国留学的机会。作定语作状语1）作目的状语Tosucceed,youshouldtryyoubest.为了成功，你必须尽全力。Inordertopasstheexam,hehasbeenpreparedfortwoweeks.为了通过这次考试，他已经准备了两周。作状语2）做结果状语Hewokeuponlytofindthathewasaloneinthehouse.他醒来后发现，这个屋子里竟然只有他一个人onlytodo...：竟然......，表示出乎意料的结果。Hegotupsoearlyastocatchthefirstbus.他起的如此早，以致于赶上了第一趟公交车。Sheissucharesponsibledoctorastoearnallthepatients'respect.她是如此负责任的医生以致于赢得了所有病人的尊敬。so/such...astodo...：如此......以致于......Thisboxistooheavytoraiseup.这个箱子太沉了以致于抬不起来。too...todo...：如此......以致于......，此句型中的todo表示否定含义作状语3）做原因状语Weallaresurprisedtoseehisrapidprogress.看到他取得如此快速的进步，我们都很惊奇。Iamnicetomeetyou.见到你，我很高兴。作宾补Heoftenreminds

me

tokeepearlyhours.他经常提醒我早睡早起。Wearewaitingfor

James

toarrive.我们等着詹姆斯到来。PleaseallowmetointroduceMr.Whitetoyou.请允许我给你们介绍Mr.White本领最多不定式，主、表、宾、补、定和状。样样成分都能行，只有谓语它不做。

有时它把句型改，作主宾用“it”,置后把身藏。。SUMMARY不定式语法功能口诀A.有些动词后面的不定式不带to，如feel（一感）hear,listento（二听）make,have,let（三让）

see,watch,notice,observe（四看）.但在被动语态时to要还原Iheardthemsingapopsong.Theteachermademeanswerthequestion.Wewatchedthemplayfootball.七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开

不定式的特殊用法动词不定式的时态1.Iopenedthedoortoentertheroom.2.Mr.Smithisgoingtoattendthemeetingtobeheldtomorrow.㈠.

一般式(todo).不定式的一般式所表示的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或之后发生。㈡.进行式(tobedoing)1.Iamverygladtobeworkingwithyou.2.Heissaidtobecoming.谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式所表示的动作正在进行。动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态㈢.完成式（tohavedone)1.Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingsolong.2.YouseemedtohavereadthenovelwrittenbyMr.Smith.谓语表示的动作发生在不定式之后。动词不定式的语态㈠.主动式(todo/tobedoing/tohavedone)WewanttolearnEnglishwell.22.Robertissaid____abroad,butIdidn’tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.madeD.tomake当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者时.动词不定式的语态㈡.被动式(tobedone/tohavebeendone)Hedidn’tliketobelaughedat.24.Heclaimed____inthesuppermarketwhenhewasdoingshoppingyesterday.beingbadlytreatedB.treatingbadlyC.tobetreatedbadly

D.tohavebeenbadlytreated.当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时.2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷Toeatone,youhavetodecidewhether____37____(bite)asmallholeinitfirst,releasingthestreamandriskingaspill(溢出)...【答案】tobite【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decidetodosth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面toput并列作宾语，故填tobite。2023新高考全国Ⅰ卷Nanxiangaside,thebestXiaolongbaohaveafineskin,allowingthem____41____(lift)outofthesteamerbasket...【答案】tobelifted【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allowsb.todosth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语liftout与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式tobelifted。故填tobelifted。2023年2月四省联考Oneagency,____37____(base)inWoodbridge,isexpected____38____(receive)$1.5million.【答案】37.based【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一家机构，总部在Woodbridge，预计将获得150万美元。分析句子可知，“(base)inWoodbridge”作定语，base与Oneagency是被动关系，故用过去分词，故填based。【答案】38.toreceive【解析】考查不定式。句意同上。beexpectedtodosth.“被预计……”，用不定式作主语补足语，故填toreceive。Anagreement

tomorrowwilldogoodtoeveryoneofus.A.tobesignedB.beingsignedC.signedTheplan

forthetripbyourteachernextweekisveryimportant.A.madeB.tobemadeC.beingmade动词不定式的否定式只须在to前加not.Myfatherdecidednottotakeupthejob.Theteachertoldusnottobelateagain.Inorder____,hehidhimselfinacave.A.nottofindB.tobenotfoundC.nottobefoundD.tonotfindTheteachertoldthem_____makesomuchnoise.

A.don“t

B.not

C.willnot

D.notto不定式的疑问：在动词不定式to前加疑问词，

句法功能相当于todoMr.Linwillteachushowtousethecomputer.Canyoutellmewheretogetthebook?Thereisn’tanydifferencebetweenthetwo.Ireallydon"tknow_____A.wheretochooseB.whichtochooseC.tochoosewhatD.tochoosewhich"Haveyoudecidedwhen_____?“"Yes,tomorrowmorning."

A.toleaveB.tobeleaving

C.willyouleaveD.areyouleaving

真题解析(2022年新高考全国Ⅱ卷)Ericwokeupalittlelaterwhenheheardchildrenplayingoutside.Hepushedachairontothebalcony,andclimbedup___39___(see)them.【答案】tosee考查非谓语动词。句意：过了一会儿，艾瑞克听到孩子们在外面玩耍的声音，醒了过来。他把一把椅子推到阳台上，爬上去看他们。句中的climbup为谓语动词，设空处应该使用谓语动词。根据句意，他要爬到阳台去看他们（外面玩闹的孩子们。），故应该使用todo不定式作目的状语。故填tosee。真题:(2020课标全国Ⅰ,66)ChineseresearchershopetousetheinstrumentsonboardChang’e-4

(find)andstudyareasoftheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.【答案】tofind

(2020课标全国Ⅱ,68)Theyareeasy

(care)forandmakegreatpresents.【答案】tocare

(2020课标全国Ⅲ,67)Thenextmorninghehiredaboatandsetout

(find)t