高考英语虚拟语气课件

虚拟语气Subjunctive

Mood2023/9/301语气概念：谓语动词用不同的形式表示说话人的不同意图，这种形式称为语气。陈述语气：用来陈述一个事实，或提出一种看法，有肯定、否定、疑问、感叹等形式。He

is

late

forclass.He

is

not

interested

in

classical

music.祈使语气：用来表示请求、邀请、命令、警告或劝告等（动词常用原形）Don’t

be

late！虚拟语气：表示说话人所说的不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。2023/9/302如果上天能够再给我一次机会,我会对那个女孩说：“我爱你”。If

I

had

one

more

chance,

I

would

say

to

the

girl

“I

loveyou”.2023/9/3032023/9/304If

I

had

time,Iwould

attend

themeeting.

现在If

he

had

hurried,he

could

have

caught

thetrain.

过去If

I

were

to

goabroad,I

would

go

to

America.

将来一、虚拟语气在

if非真实条件句中虚拟条件从句(If)主

句与现在事实相反的假设主语+did/were主语+should/would/could/might+do与将来事实相反的假设did/were主语+shoulddowere

to

do主语+should/would/could/might+do与过去事实相反的假设2023/10/3主语+had

done主语+should/would/could/might+havedone52023/10/36如果我是你，我会接受他的建议。If

I

were

you,

I

would

accepthisadvice.如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。If

it

rained/

should

rain/

were

to

rain

tomorrow,I

would

stay

at

home.如果你以前好好学习，你会通过考试的。If

you

had

studied

hard

before,

youwould

have

passedthe

exam.Youdidn’tletmedrive.Ifwe

inturn,you

D.sotired.drove;

didn’t

getdrove;

wouldn’t

getwere

driving;

wouldn’t

gethad

driven;

wouldn’t

have

got2023/10/372023/10/38语气一致性如果明天下雨，我会待在家里。If

it

rained/should

rain/were

to

rain

tomorrow,rainsI

would

stay

at

home.willstayunlessIf

it

doesn’t

rain

tomorrow,

I

will

go

hiking.Unless

it

rains

tomorrow,

I

will

gohiking.注意：3.错综时间虚拟语气当从句主句所表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。If

you

had

followed

(follow)

my

advice

just

now,

you2023/10/39would

be

(be)

betternow.If

you

had

studied

(study)

hard

before,you

would

be

(be)

acollege

student

now.If

you with

George

earlier,

youangry

now.sotalked;

would

not

behad

talked;

would

not

bewould

talk;

would

not

behad

talked;

would

not

havebeen2023/10/310If

we

had

taken

such

effective

measures

muchearlier,

the

river so

seriously

now.is

notpollutedwould

not

be

pollutedhad

not

been

pollutedwould

not

have

been

polluted2023/10/3114.if从句倒装从句中，有should，助动词had，were时，可省略if，并将should，had，were提至句首，用于倒装结构，否定词not不能提前。Had

I

not

seenhim

then(Hadn’t

I

seen

him

then),

Iwouldn'thave

been

very

happy.If

I

were

you,

I

would

accept

hisadvice.Were

Iyou,……If

it

rained/should

rain/were

to

rain

tomorrow,

I…….Should

it

rain

tomorrow/

Were

it

to

rain

tomorrow,…….If

you

had

studied

hard

before,

you

would

have

passed

the

exam.Had

you

studied

hard

before,……2023/10/312it

rain

tomorrow,

we

would

have

to

putoff

the

visit

to

the

Yang

Pu

Bridge.A.

WereC.WouldB.

ShouldD.

Will2023/10/3132023/10/3145.含蓄虚拟语气有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中，并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其它手段来代替条件句。常用的有

with，without，but

for，if

only,

or，but；otherwise,分词等。I

was

ill

that

day.Otherwise,

I

would

have

taken

part

inthe

sportsmeeting.=

If

I

hadn’t

been

ill

that

day,

I

would

have

taken

part

in

thesports

meeting.If only

I

had

followed

youradvice.2023/10/315He

telephoned

to

inform

me

of

your

birthday,

or

I

wouldhave

known

nothing

about

it.I

should

have

given

you

more

help,but

I

was

too

busy.What

would

you

do

with

a

million

dollars?Without/

But

foryour

help,

we

couldn’t

havefinishedthe

work

ahead

of

time.=

If

it

had

not

been

for

your

help,

…Born

in

better

times,

he

would

have

been

ascholar.Without

electricity,

human

being

lifedifferent

today.quiteiswill

bewould

havebeenwould

be2023/10/316But

for

his

help,

I

.should

not

have

succeededhave

not

succeededdid

notsucceedhad

notsucceeded2023/10/317He

hesitated

for

a

moment

before

kicking

the

ball,otherwise

he a

goal.had

scoredscoredwould

scorewould

have

scored2023/10/318Why

didn’t

you

buy

it?I but

I

didn’t

have

the

money.wouldwould

havehad

hadhad

bought2023/10/3192023/10/3206.情态动词+have

donecould

have

done

本来可以做，而实际上未做---

might

have

done

本来可能/可能做过---

should/ought

to

have

done

本来应该做---shouldn’t/ought

not

to

have

done

本不该做--

would

have

done

本来会去做----我没有足够的钱．否则我会买那本书的．I

didn’t

have

enough

money,

otherwise

I

wouldhavebought

that

book.你本不应该告诉她真相。You

shouldn’t

have

told

her

the

truth

.2023/10/321needn’t

have

done

本不必做而实际做了---

didn’t

need

to

do

没必要做也没有做---我没必要擦窗户。我兄弟做了I

didn’t

need

to

clean

the

windows.My

brother

did

it.I

needn’t

have

cleaned

the

windows,

but

I

was

too

bored.注：情态动词+have

done

还可以用于对过去发生事情的推测The

road

is

wet.

It

must

have

rainedlast

night.路是湿的，昨晚一定下雨了。She

couldn’t

have

missedthe

good

chance

because

she

waslooking

for

a

job.她一定不会错过这个好机会因为她在找工作。二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中1.wish+宾语从句与现在事实相反与过去事实相反与将来事实相反did/werehad

done（或用could

have

done）could/would/might+doI

wish

(that)he

would/

could/

might

visit_(visit)

us

tomorrow.I

wish

(that)he

visited

(visit)us

today.I

wish

he

had

visited/

could

have

visited

(visit)

us

yesterday.2023/10/3222.

as

if

/

as

though

+

表语/

方式状语从句与现在相反

did/were与过去相反

had

done与将来相反

would/could/might+

doHe

looks

as

if

hewere

an

artist.He

talked

about

the

accident

as

if

he

had

seen

it.注意：as

if也可以用陈述语气Look

at

the

black

clouds.

It

looks

as

if

it

is

going

torain.2023/10/323When

a

pencil

is

partly

in

a

glass

of

water,

itlooks

as

if

it

.A.

breaksB.

hasbrokenC.

were

brokenD.

had

been

broken2023/10/3242023/10/3253.

在wouldrather+宾语从句中与现在或将来事实相反与过去事实相反did/werehaddone即：would

rather

sb

did/had

doneI

would

rather

you

came

(come)

heretomorrow.I

would

rather

you

hadn’t

told

(not

tell)

me

thetruth.4.

It

is

(high/about)

time(that)sb

didsb

should（不可省略）

+do该是某人做某事的时候了。It

is

high

time

that

you

got

up/

shouldget

up.I’m

getting

tired;

it’s

time

we

home.A.

goC.

wentB.

aregoingD.

should

be

going2023/10/3265.建议、命令、要求建议(advise/suggest/propose/recommend)命令(order/command)要求(demand/require/request/desire)坚持(insist)等词：（should）+do2023/10/3272023/10/328主要用于下列四种句型（以advise为例）：我建议他立刻去那里。I

advised

that

he

(should)go

there

at

once.(宾语从句)That

he

(should)gothere

at

once

was

advised.(主语从句)It

was

advised

that

he

(should)go

there

at

once.(He

was

advised

to

go

there

atonce.)My

advice

is

thathe

(should)go

there

at

once.(表语从句)I

made

a

piece

ofadvice

that

he

(should)

go

there

at

once.(同位语从句)区别：This

is

the

advice

that/which

he

made

at

the

meeting.(定语从句)The

officer

gave

the

order

that

nothingthe

peoplearrived.didn’t

touchtouchedbetouchedtouchuntil2023/10/3292023/10/330注意：suggest:表明，暗示建议陈述语气虚拟语气Her

pale

face

suggested

that

she

was

(be)

illand

Isuggestedthat

she

(should)

be

sent

(send)

to

hospitalimmediately.insist：坚持说，坚持认为（某观点）坚持主张，坚持要求（某动作）陈述语气虚拟语气He

insisted

that

he

hadn’t

stolen(not

steal)

the

money

andinsisted

thathe

(should)

be

set

(set)

free.2023/10/3316.

主语从句中的虚拟语气（主要是it作形式主语）Itis/was＋形容词/名词＋that主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气,表达一种要求,命令或者责备,但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情,完全可以用一般的陈述语气.It

is

necessary

/

important

/

natural

/

strange

/

funny/surprising/

a

pity

/

a

shame/

no

wonder

that

sb

(should)

+

doIt

is

strange

that

he

(should)

have

treated

his

parents

like

that.It

is

a

pity

that

Lucy

(should)

be

socareless.注意：以上句式也可用于陈述语气It

is

strange

that

he

didn’t

come

yesterday.It

is

a

pity

that

she

can’tsing.It

is

strange

that

the

lazy

boypass

the

exam.A.

hasC.

wouldB.

shouldD.

might2023/10/332233虚拟语气与高考我们在做语法填空题时，一旦判断所给动词在句中作为谓语后，就考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等。短文改错中，可能出现动词形式的错误。1.It

is

strange

that the

little

boylanguages.speak

twoforeignA.

could B.

can C.

should D.

wouldHegaveordersthattheexperiment

A

before

5:30pm.A.

be

finished B.

will

finish C.

must

be

finishedHe

A

youmorehelp,eventhoughhewasverybusy.A,

might

have

given

B.

might

give C.

may

have

givenC灵活运用

一、单项选择342023/10/3235IfI

were

(be)

you,

I

would

do

it

in

a

different

way.与现在事实相反If

you

had

followed

my

advice

just

now,

youwould

be(be)

fine

now.与现在事实相反He

hesitated

for

a

moment

before

kicking

the

ball,

otherwise

hewould

have

scored

(score)a

goal.与过去事实相反If

I

had

(have)

a

million

dollars,

I

would

first

donate

some

of

themoney

to

poor

children

in

remote

mountainousareas.与现在事实相反二、单句填空2365.

The

doctor

ordered

that

she(should)

stay(stay)

in

bed

for

a

fewdays.It

is

very

important

that

you

(should)

master(master)

the

skills

ofcomputer.English

teachers

give

advice

that

we

(should)

make

(make)

gooduse

of

every

chance

to

speak

English.It

is

high

time

that

we

took/should

take

(take)

some

measures

toprotect

the

wildanimals.How

I

wish

every

familyhad

(have)

a

large

house

with

abeautifulgarden！Jane’s

pale

face

suggested

that

shewas

(be)

ill,

and

her

parentssuggested

that

she

should

have(have)

a

medical

examination.三、单句改错How

I

wish

there

are

28

hours

a

day

so

that

I

had

more

time

forfun.are→were

与现在事实相反或不可能实现的愿望，故用一般过去时。Had

he

worked

hard

years

ago,

he

would

have

become

very

richtoday.删除have

前句相当于If

he

had

worked

hard

years

ago,与过去事实相反的假设,主句是对现在事实的假设。属于错综情况。句意：如果他几年前就努力工作，他现在一定就变得富有了。237238If

I

were

a

boy

again,

I

will

remember

that

a

good

skaternever

tries

to

skate

in

two

directions

atonce.will→would

虚拟条件句是与现在事实相反的情况，主句谓语用would

do。But