专业英语八级(听力)模拟试卷364(题后含答案及解析)

专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷364(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.LISTENINGCOMPREHENSIONPARTILISTENINGCOMPREHENSIONSECTIONAMINI-LECTUREInthissectionyouwillhearamini-lecture.Youwillhearthemini-lectureONCEONLY.Whilelisteningtothemini-lecture,pleasecompletethegap-fillingtaskonANSWERSHEETONEandwriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachgap.Makesuretheword(s)youfillinis(are)bothgrammaticallyandsemanticallyacceptable.Youmayusetheblanksheetfornote-taking.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthegap-fillingtask.听力原文：Maslow’sHierarchyofNeedsGoodmorning,everybody.Today’slectureisaboutAbrahamMaslow’shierarchyofneeds.Thisseemslikeapsychologicaltopic.Actually,itissomethingpsychological.AbrahamMaslowisapsychologist,andhe’sespeciallyknownforhistheoryofhumanneeds.OK,firstofall,whatisaneed?Here,wecansimplydefineitasapersonalrequirement.Maslowbelievedthathumansare“wanting”beingswhoseektofulfillavarietyofneeds.Accordingtohistheory,theseneedscanbearrangedinanorderaccordingtotheirimportance.ItisthisorderthathasbecomeknownasMaslow’shierarchyofneeds.Inthishierarchyofneeds,atthemostbasiclevelarephysiologicalneeds.Fundamentally,humansarejustonespeciesofanimal.Weneedtokeepourselvesalive.Physiologicalneedsarewhatwerequireforsurvival.Theseneedsincludefoodandwater,shelter,andsleep.Atthislevel,forushumans,Maslowalsoincludestheneedforclothing.Howaretheseneedsusuallysatisfied?Itismainlythroughadequatewages.Then,whatisthenextlevelofneeds?Atthenextlevelaresafetyneeds,thethingswerequireforphysicalandemotionalsecurity.Physicalsecurityiseasytounderstand.Everybodyneedstokeephisbodysafefrominjury,illness,etc.Then,whatisemotionalsecurity?Well,that’smaybethepointinthishierarchyofneedswherehumansbegintodifferfromotheranimals.Wearethinkinganimals.Wehaveworries.WhatifIlostmyjob?WhatifIwerestruckdownbyaseveredisease?Besidesphysicalsecurity,weneedtothinkwearesafefrommisfortunesbothnowandintheforeseeablefuture.Howcantheseneedsbemetthen?AccordingtoMaslow,safetyneedsmaybesatisfiedthroughjobsecurity,healthinsurance,pensionplans,andsafeworkingconditions.Afterthisstagecomethelevelsofneedsthatareparticulartohumanbeings.Theimmediatelyfollowinglevelsarethesocialneeds.Underthiscategory,Maslowputsourrequirementsforloveandaffectionandasenseofbelonging.Weneedtobeloved.Weneedtobelongtoagroup,notjustthefamily,inwhichwecansharewithothersacommoninterest.InMaslow’sview,theseneedscanbesatisfiedthroughtheworkenvironmentandsomeinformalorganizations.Certainly,wealsoneedsocialrelationshipsbeyondtheworkplace,forexample,withfamilyandfriends.Next,thelevelofesteemneeds.Whatareesteemneedsthen?Theyincludeboththeneedofself-esteemandtheneedofesteemofothers.Self-esteemisasenseofourownachievementsandworth.Weneedtobelievethatwearesuccessful,wearenoworse,ifnobetter,thanothers.Theesteemofothersistherespectandrecognitionwegainfromotherpeople,eitherthroughworkorouractivitiesinothersocialgroups.Thewaystosatisfyesteemneedsincludepersonalmotiontomoreresponsiblejobs,varioushonorsandawards,andotherformsofrecognition.Whatfollowsisthetoplevelofthishierarchyofneeds.Thesearetheself-realizationneeds.Inotherwords,theyaretheneedstogrowanddevelopaspeople,theneedstobecomeallthatwearecapableofbeing.Theyarethemostdifficultneedstosatisfy.Whetheronecanachievethislevelornotperhapsdetermineswhetheronecanbeagreatmanorjustanordinaryman.Ofcourse,itdependsondifferentpeople.Themeansofsatisfyingthemtendtovarygreatlywiththeindividual.Forsomepeople,learninganewskill,startinganewcareerafterretirementcouldquitewellsatisfytheirself-realizationneeds.Wellforotherpeople,itcouldbebecoming“thebestthereis”incertainareas:itcouldbebecomingthePresidentoftheIBM.Anyway,being“great”orordinaryiswhatothersthink,whileself-realizationislargelyindividual.Maslowsuggestedthatpeopleworktosatisfytheirphysiologicalneedsfirst,thentheirsafetyneeds,andsoonupthe“needsladder.”Ingeneral,theyaremotivatedbytheneedsatthelowestlevelthatremainunsatisfied.However,needsatoneleveldonothavetobecompletelysatisfiedbeforeneedsatthenexthigherlevelcomeintoplay.Ifthemajorityofaperson’sphysiologicalandsafetyneedsaresatisfied,thatpersonwillbemotivatedprimarilybysocialneeds.Butanyphysiologicalandsafetyneedsthatremainunsatisfiedwillkeepplayinganimportantrole.OK,that’sthegeneralpictureofMaslow’shierarchyofneeds.Justtosumup,I’vebrieflyintroducedtoyouMaslow’stheory.Maslowthinkstherearefivekindsofhumanneeds,witheachonebeingmoreimportantthantheprecedingone.Ihopethatyou’vefoundhisideasinteresting.Maslow’sHierarchyofNeedsAbrahamMaslowhasdevelopedafamoustheoryofhumanneeds,whichcanbearrangedinorderof【T1】______.【T1】______Physiologicalneeds:themost【T2】______onesforsurvival.They【T2】______includesuchneedsasfood,water,etc.Andthereisusuallyonewayto【T3】______theseneeds.【T3】______【T4】______needs:needsfora)physicalsecurity:【T4】______b)【T5】______security.【T5】______Theformermeansno【T6】______,whilethelatterisconcernedwith【T6】______freedomfrom【T7】______,misfortunes,etc.Theseneedscanbemet【T7】______throughavarietyofmeans,e.g.jobsecurity,【T8】______plans,and【T8】______safeworkingconditions.Socialneeds:humanrequirementsfora)【T9】______:【T9】______b)asenseofbelonging.Therearetwowaystosatisfytheseneeds:a)formationofrelationshipsatworkplace:b)formationofrelationshipsoutsideworkplace.Esteemneeds:a)self-esteemi.e.one’ssenseofachievementb)esteemofothers,i.e.others’respectasaresultofone’s【T10】______.【T10】______Theseneedscanbefulfilledby【T11】______,etc.【T11】______Self-realizationneeds:needstorealizeone’spotential.Waystorealizetheseneedsareindividually【T12】______.【T12】______Featuresofthehierarchyofneeds:a)Social,esteemandself-realizationneedsareexclusively【T13】______needs.【T13】______b)Needsaresatisfiedinafixedorderfromthebottomup.c)【T14】______forneedscomesfromthelowestun-metlevel.【T14】______d)Differentlevelsofneedsmay【T15】______whentheycome【T15】______intoplay.1．【T1】正确答案：importance解析：跟据马斯洛的理论，人类的需要是按照他们重要性的顺序来分类的，原文中此处的表达是accordingtotheirimportance，所以空格处填入importance或者theirimportance。知识模块：听力2．【T2】正确答案：basic／／fundamental解析：原文在谈到physiologicalneeds时说到“在人的需要层次中，生理需要是最基本的层次。”因此这里应该填basic或者填它的同义词fundamental。本句介绍5种需要中的第一种，有最高级themost修饰，basic为此句的要点，应在笔记中记下。即使此词未能记下，也可根据上文(inorderofimportance)和句意将此空填出。知识模块：听力3．【T3】正确答案：satisfy解析：在谈到生理需要时，录音提到，这些需要通常是如何被满足的呢，主要是通过足够的工资，原文中是被动句，用了satisfied，空格处为主动用法，所以答案为satisfy。知识模块：听力4．【T4】正确答案：Safety解析：根据原文，第二个层次的需求是对安全的需要，原文中提到Atthenextlevelaresafetyneeds。因此这里应该填入Safety。注意S要大写。知识模块：听力5．【T5】正确答案：emotional／／mental解析：根据原文，对安全的需要包括“身体安全”和“情感安全”的需求，因此这里应该填入emotional。原文在谈到safetyneeds时提到2种安全需要，physicalsecurity和emotionalsecurity，后文紧接着对这2种安全需要予以解释。这些要点应当记录下来。考生也可依据physicalsecurity推导出与其对应的“精神安全”。知识模块：听力6．【T6】正确答案：illnessorinjury解析：身体上的安全很容易理解，每个人都需要使身体免受伤害以及疾病等等，theformer指的是physicalsecurity．所以答案为原文中from之后的injury，illness，etc．也可以为同义表达illnessorinjury。知识模块：听力7．【T7】正确答案：worries／／worry／／diseases／／uneasiness／／illness／／unhappiness／／pressure／／anxiety(ies)／／sadness／／misery(ies)／／predicament解析：在解释情感需求的时候，原文提到：“我们有各种担心，要是我丢掉了工作该怎么办?要是我突然病了怎么办?”因此这里应该填入worries。录音原文提到了worries和disease，除此之外，考生可依靠常识和试题中的关键词(misfortunes)填入一个合适的同义、近义词。知识模块：听力8．【T8】正确答案：pension／／insurance／／retirement解析：原文在谈到如何满足对安全的需求时提到，“马斯洛认为，安全需求可以通过安稳的工作、健康保险、养老计划和安全的工作条件等来得到满足”，因此这里应填入pension。知识模块：听力9．【T9】正确答案：loveandaffection解析：在社会需要方面，人类有爱和喜爱的要求，所以答案为loveandaffection。知识模块：听力10．【T10】正确答案：performance／／work／／activities／／success／／achievement(s)／／effort解析：原文谈到“尊重的需要”时提到：“他人的尊重指我们在别的社会群体中的工作或者行动得到别人的尊敬和认可。”因此这里应填入work或activities。还可根据句意填入其他词，即别人对自己的尊重是因为自己的工作表现、业绩、成功等等。知识模块：听力11．【T11】正确答案：achievement，promotion，honours解析：实现尊重的需要包括个人的成就，升到责任更重大的工作，许多奖励，以及其他的实现形式，原文中列举的项目比较多，空格处可以选几项，答案为achievement，promotion，honours。知识模块：听力12．【T12】正确答案：different／／varied／／dissimilar解析：原文在谈到自我实现的需求时提到：“这取决于不同的人，人们满足自我实现需要的方法因人而异。”因此这里应该填入different或varied,dissimilar。知识模块：听力13．【T13】正确答案：human／／individual／／spiritual解析：短文说明了各种需要与人的关系，即：生理需要适用于包括人在内的一切动物；人与动物都有安全需要，但需要的内容已有不同；其他3类需要都仅仅是人类才有的需要。作者说这些需要是particulartohumanbeings，即是exclusivelyhumanneeds。也可根据social，esteem和self-realization判断这些是精神层次的需要，独为人类所特有，从而填入适当词语。知识模块：听力14．【T14】正确答案：Motivation//Desire//Drive//Demand//Longing//Urge//Craving解析：原文指出：“总的来说，人们的动机来自他们未被满足的最低层的需求。”因此这里应该填入Motivation，注意M要大写。也可以填入它的近义词。知识模块：听力15．【T15】正确答案：overlap／／meet／／mix／／co-exist／／interact／／combine／／concur解析：原文提到，不必等到某一层次的需求完全得到满足，更高层次的需求就已发挥作用。因此这些需求是共同存在的，此处应该填co-exist或其同义词。知识模块：听力SECTIONBINTERVIEWInthissectionyouwillhearONEinterview.TheinterviewwillbedividedintoTWOparts.Attheendofeachpart,fivequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.BoththeinterviewandthequestionswillbespokenONCEONLY.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeaten-secondpause.Duringthepause,youshouldreadthefourchoicesof[A],[B],[C]and[D],andmarkthebestanswertoeachquestiononANSWERSHEETTWO.YouhaveTHIRTYsecondstopreviewthequestions.听力原文：M:Well,Iseefromyourresume,MissGreen,thatyoustudiedatUniversityCollege.Howdidyoufinditthere?W:Ihadagreattime.TheteachingtherewasgoodandImadealotoffriends.ThePsychologyDepartmentwasagreatplacetobe.M:Howcomeyouchosepsychology?W:Well,atfirstIdidn’thaveanyclearideaofwhatIwantedtodoafteruniversity.IguessI’vejustalwaysbeeninterestedinpeopleandthewaytheyact.Iwantedtoknowwhypeoplethinkandactthewaytheydo.It’safascinatingarea.M:Andwhatwasthecourselike?W:Good.Theteacherswereallreallyniceandtheyhadthisspecialapproachtoteaching.Youknowtheydidn’tjustgiveuslecturesandtellustoreadbooksliketheymightdoinsomemoretraditionalplaces.Thewholecoursewasbasedonaproblem-solvingapproach.Youknowthey’ddescribeaparticularsituationtousandwe’ddiscusswhatmighthappen.Andafterthatwedosomereadingandseeifitconfirmedourownideas.ThatiswhatIlikedbest:thereallypracticalorientationofthecourse.Ilearntverywellwiththatstyle,soformeitwasjustgreat.M:Iseefromyourresumethatyougraduatedaboutfouryearsagoandafterthatletmesee...W:IgotajobwiththeDepartmentofEmploymentItwasonlyatemporarythingforaboutfivemonths.Iwasaresearcherinthedepartment.Wedesignasurvey,goouttothefactoriesandaskallthequestionstotheworkersandthemanagement,thengobacktotheoffice,analyzeallthedataandproduceareport.ItwasquiteinterestingandIguessthepsychologycourseatcollegehelpedmealot.M:Andafterthatyouworkedforthreeyearsinanadvertisingagency.ThatmusthavebeenabitofchangefromtheDepartmentofEmployment,wasn’tit?W:Well,notreally.Isupposetheofficefurnishingswereabitmoresophisticatedbuttheworkwasquitesimilar.Iwasbasicallystilldoingthesamething:designingquestionnaires,goingout,askingquestionsandwritingreports.TheonlydifferencewasthatthistimeIwasn’taskingpeopleabouttheirwork.Iwasaskingthemwhatkindofshampoothey’dboughtandiftheypreferredbrandXtobrandY.ThenI’dmakeupareportandtheagencywouldusetheinformationintheiradvertisingcampaigns.Ienjoyedmyworkalot.1.WhatdowelearnaboutMissGreen’suniversitydays?2.WhydidMissGreenchoosepsychology?3.WhatdidMissGreenthinkofthepsychologycourse?4.What’sNOTpartofherjobwiththeDepartmentofEmployment?5.AccordingtoMissGreen,what’sthemaindifferencebetweentheDepartmentofEmploymentandtheadvertisingagency?16．A．Shefeltbored.B．Shefeltlonely.C．Shecherishedthem.D．Thesubjectwaseasy.正确答案：C解析：面试的开头部分谈到了MissGreen的大学时光，根据原文关键词agreattime，good，madealotoffriends，agreatplace等知，MissGreen很喜欢大学时光，对课程很满意。故应选C项。知识模块：听力17．A．Shejustfollowedthecrowd.B．Someoneelsegavehertheadvice.C．Shewasinterestedinthatarea.D．Sheconcededtoherparents’thoughts.正确答案：C解析：面试者在问MissGreen为何选择心理学时，MissGreen说最初自己也不知道想学什么，觉得自己对人们和其行为方式感兴趣，并且觉得这是一个吸引人的领域。据此，A项“从众”、B项“别人建议”和D项“顺从父母想法”均与此不符。C项为答案。知识模块：听力18．A．Theteachersjustgavelecturesandaskedstudentstoreadbooks.B．Theteacherswereexcellentandtheyhadaspecialteachingmethod.C．Theteachersdescribedaparticularsituationandtoldstudentswhatmighthappen.D．Theteachersaskstudentstodosomereadingandconfirmteachers’ideas.正确答案：B解析：在MissGreen说了选择心理学课之后，面试者问她觉得心理课程怎么样，MissGreen说老师都很好，而且他们的教学方法特别。与B项意思一致。故选B项。知识模块：听力19．A．Doingsurveysatworkplace.B．Analyzingsurveyresults.C．Designingquestionnaires.D．Takingapsychologycourse.正确答案：D解析：在谈到就业部的工作时，MissGreen说，“我们设计了一个调查，来到工厂问了工人和管理人员所有的问题。然后回到办公室，分析所有的数据并写出报告。”可知A项“调查”、B项“分析问卷结果”和C项“设计问卷表”都包括在工作之中，只有D项未被提及。故选D项。知识模块：听力20．A．Thenatureofwork.B．Officedecoration.C．Officelocation.D．Workprocedures.正确答案：B解析：面试官问MissGreen：“从就业部到广告公司，你的工作一定有所改变，不是吗?”MissGreen说：“我想办公室装修是要豪华些，但工作内容是相当类似的。”比较她在两个部门的工作，都是设计问卷——外出调查——收集资料——撰写报告，从工作程序到工作性质，均无什么区别。所以答案是B项。知识模块：听力听力原文：M:Sowhydidyoudecidetoleave?W:Threeyearsisalongtimetobeaskingpeoplethosesortofquestionsaboutshampooanddrinks.No,seriously,aftertwoyearsIwasinchargeoftheResearchDepartmentoftheagencyandIhadoneassistantresearcher.IguessaftertwoyearsofdoingthatIsupposeIfeltyouknow,IcandothiswellandnowIwanttodosomethingelsethatisalittledifferent.Andtherewasnowhereformetogoinsidethecompany.Itjustwasn’tchallengingformeanymoreandbecauseIneededachallenge,Idecidedtomoveon.WhenIheardaboutthepositionofseniorresearcherhere,Ithoughtthat’sexactlywhatIwant:thechancetocombinemymanagementskillsandmyresearchinterestsworkinginamuchlargerdepartmentwithmorevariedwork.M:Andyoufeltthejobdescriptionsinouradvertisementwouldofferyouthekindofchallengeyou’relookingfor?W:Exactly.Yes.AsIsaid,managementinalargerorganizationandresearchcombined.Also,tobehonestwithyou,Iheardaboutthejobbeforeitwasadvertised.Afriendofmine,whoworkshere,MarkAustin,toldmeafewweeksagothatyouwerelookingforsomeonetotakeoverthejob.HedescribedthepositiontomeinquiteabitofdetailandIthought,well,that’sexactlywhatIamlookingfor.SoreallyI’dwrittenmyletterofapplicationbeforethejobwasevenadvertised.M:Ishouldtellyouthatwiththepresentcutbackswehaveonlygotonefull-timeadministrativeassistantinthesection.Howwouldyoufeelaboutdoingyourownwordprocessing,photocopying,thatsortofthing?W:Oh,Iamusedtothat.Ihavedoneallmyownwordprocessingforages.It’stheonlywaytowrite,really,isn’tit?Icantypewell,about60wordsaminute.IdidasecretarialcourseafterIleftschool,soIlearnttypingandshorthand.ThenafewyearslaterIboughtaPCandIlearnthowtodowordprocessingtoo.M:Well,that’shandy.Nowinthepositionyou’veappliedforyou’dhavefiveassistantresearchersresponsibletoyou.That’sconsiderablymoreresponsibilitythanyou’vehadbeforesoyouareobviouslyambitiousandasyousaidyoulikeachallenge.Iwaswonderingwhatyouseeyourselfdoingin,say,fiveortenyearsdownthetrack?W:Oh,thatisadifficultquestion.Letmetrytoansweryourquestionthisway.Iamparticularlyinterestedinexperimentaldesignandalsointeaching.I’dliketocontinuetheorganizationandplanningsideofresearchbutdosometeachingtoo.Iknowthatyouhavelecturersherewhodojustthatsortofthing:somepracticalwork,andsomeundergraduateandpostgraduateteaching,sothat’swhatI’dreallybeaimingfortobealecturerhereaswell.M:Well,that’scertainlyacareerpaththatwe’dencourageyoutofollow,butofcourseitm