(完整版)大学英语四级阅读理解试题及答案

Asthepaceoflifecontinuestoincrease,wearefastlosingtheartofrelaxation.Onceyouareinthehabitofrushingthroughlift,beingonthegofrommorningtillnight,itishardtoslowdown.Butrelaxationisessentialforahealthymindandbody.

Stressisannaturalpartofeverydayliftandthereisnowaytoavoidit.Infact,itisnotthebadthingitisoftensupposedtobe.Acertainamountofstressisvitaltoprovidemotivationadngivepurposetolife.Itisonlywhenthestressgetsoutofcontrolthatitcanleadtopoorperformanceandillhealth.

Theamountofstressapersoncanwithstanddependsverymuchontheindividual.Somepeoplearenotafraidofstress,andsuchcharactersareobviouslyprimematerialformanagerialresponsibilities.Othersloseheartatthefirstsignsofunusualdifficulties.Whenexposedtostress,inwhateverform,wereactbothchemicallyandphysically.Infactwemakechoicebetween"fight"or"flight"andinmoreprimitivedaysthechoicemadethedifferencebetweenlifeordeath.Thecriseswemeettodayareunlikelytobesoextreme,buthoweverlittlethestress,itinvolvesthesameresponse.Itiswhensuchareactionlastslong,throughcontinuedexposuretostress,thathealthbecomesendangered.Suchseriousconditionsashighbloodpressureandheartdiseasehaveestablishedlinkswithstress.Sincewecannotremovestressfromourlives(itwouldbeunwisetodosoevenifwecould),weneedtofindwaystodealwithit.

1.Peoplearefindinglessandlesstimeforrelaxingthemselvesbecause_____.

a.theydonotknowhowtoenjoythemselves

b.theydonotbelievethatrelaxationisimportantforhealth

c.theyaretravellingfastallthetime

d.theyarebecomingbusierwiththeirwork

2.Accordingtothewriter,themostimportantcharacterforagoodmanagerishis________.

a.notfearingstress

b.knowingtheartofrelaxation

c.highsenseofresponsibility

d.havingcontroloverperformance

3.Whichofthefollwingstatementsisture?

a.Wecanfindsomewaystoavoidstress

b.Stressisalwaysharmfultopeople

c.Itiseasytochangethehagitofkeepingoneselfbusywithwork.

d.Differentpeoplecanwithstanddifferentamountsofstress

4.InParagraph3,"suchareaction"refersbackto_______.

a."makingachoicebetween'flight'or'fight'"

b."reactiontostressbothchemicallyandphysically"

c."respondingtocrisesquickly"

d."losingheartatthesignsdifficulties"

5.Inthelastsentenceofthepassage,"doso"refersto______.

a."exposeourselvestostress"

b."findwaystodealwithstress"

c."removestressfromourlives"

d."establishedlinksbetweendiseasesandstress"

答案：dadbc

Inthe1960s,manyyoungAmericansweredissatisfiedwithAmericansociety.TheywantedtoendtheVietnamWarandtomakeallofthepeopleintheU.S.epual.Someofthemdecidedto"dropout"ofAmericansocietyandformtheirownsocieties.Theyformedutopiancommunities,whichtheycalled"communes,"wheretheycouldfollowtheirphilosophyof"doyourownthing."AgroupofartistsfoundedacommuneinsouthernColoradocalled"DropCity."FollowingtheideasofphilosopherandarchitectBuckminsterFullertheybuiltdomeshapedhousesfrompiecesofoldcars.Othergroups,suchasauthorKenKesey'sMerryPranksters,thefollowersfoSanFranciscopoetSteveGakin,andagroupthatcalleditselftheHogFarm,livedinoldschoolhusesandtraveledaroundtheUnitedStates.TheHogFarmbecomefamouswhentheyhelpedorganizetheWoodstockRockFestivalin1969.SteveGaskin'sfollowerstriedtosettledownonafarminTennessee,buttheyhadtoleavewhensomemembersofthegruopwerearrestedforgrowingmarijuana.

Notallcommunesbelievedinthephilosophyof"doyouownthing,"however.TwinOaks,acommunefoundedinVirgianiainthelate1960s,wasbasedontheideasofpsychologistB.F.Skinner.ThepeoplewholivedatTwinOakswerecarefullycontrolledbySkinner's"conditioning"techniquestodothingsthatweregoodforthecommunity.In1972,ItalianarchitectPaoloSoleribegantobuildArcosanti,autopiancityArizsonawhere2500peoplewilllivecloselytogetherinonelargebuildingcalledan"archology"Soleribelievesthatpeoplemustlivecloselytogethersothattheywillallbecomeone.

1.WhydidsomeyoungAmericansdecideto"dropout"ofscoietyduringthe1960s?

a.TheywerenotsatisfiedwithAmericansociety.

b.Theywantedtogrowmarijuana.

c.TheywantedtogototheVietnamWar.

d.Theydidnotwantallpeopletobeequal.

2.WheredidthemembersoftheHogFarmcommunelive?

a.Indome-shapedhouse

b.Inoldschoolhuses

c.OnafarminTennessee

d.InanarchologyinArizona

3.WhogavethepeopleofDropCitytheideatobuliddome-shapedhouse?

a.PaoloSoleri

b.B.G.Skinner

c.SteveGaskin

d.BuckminsterFuller

4.WhatwastheTwinOakscommunebaseon?

a.Thephilosophyof"doyourownthing"

b.Virginaiainthelate1960s

c.Theideasofpsychologist

d.Thebeliefthatpeoplemustlivecloselytogerher.

5.Whatisan"archology"?

a.Apersonwhostudiesarchaeology

b.Alargebuildingwherepeoplelivecloselytogether

c.AcityinArizona

d.Atechniquetocontorlpeople

答案：abdcb

Therearetwofactorswhichdetermineanindividual'sintelligence.Thefirstisthesortofbrainheisbornwith.Humanbrainsdifferconsiderably,somebeingmorecapablethanothers.Butnomatterhowgoodabrainhehastobeginwith,anindividualwillhavealoworderofintelligenceunlesshehasopportunitiestolearn.Sothesecondfactoriswhathappenstotheindividual—thesortofenvironmentinwhichheisreared.Ifanindividualishandicappedenvionmentally,itislikelythathisbrainwillfailtodevelopandhewillneverattainthelevelofintelligenceofwhichheiscapable.

Theimportanceofenvironmentindetermininganindividual'sintellingencecanbedemonstratedbythecasehistoryoftheidenticaltwins,PeterandMarkX.Beingidentical,thetwinshadidenticalbrainsatbirth,andtheirgrowthprocesseswerethesame.Whenthetwinswerethreemonthsold,theirparentsdied,andtheywereplacedinseparatefosterhomes.Peterwasreatedbyparentsoflowintelligenceinanisolatedcommunitywithpooreducationalpooprtunities.Markwasrearedinthehomeofwell-to-doparentswhohadbeentocollege.Hewasreadtoasachild,senttogoodschools,andgiveneveryopportunitytobestimulatedintellectually.Thisenviromentaldifferencecontinueduntilthetwinswereintheirlateteens,whentheyweregibentesetstomeasuretheirintelligence.Mark'sI.Q.was125,twenty-fivepointshigherthantheaverageandfullyfortypointshigherthanhisidenticalbrother.Givenequalopportunities,thetwins,havingidenticalbrains,wouldhavetestedatroughlythesamelevel.

1.Thisselectioncanbestbetitled_________.

a.MeasuringYourIntelligence

b.IntelligenceandEnvironment

c.TheCaseofPeterandMark

d.HowthebrainInfluencesIntelligence

2.Thebeststatementofthemainideaofthispassageisthat_____.

a.humanbrainsdifferconsiderably

b.thebrainapersonisbornwithisimprotantindetermininghisintelligence

c.environmentiscrucialindeterminingaperson'sintelligence

d.personshavingidenticalbrainswillhaveroughlythesameintelligence

3.Accordingtothepassage,theaverageI.Q.is_____.

a.85

b.100

c.110

d.125

4.Thecasehistoryofthetwinsappearstosupporttheconclusionthat_______.

a.individualwithidenticalbrainsseldomtestatsamelevel

b.anindividual'sintelligenceisdeterminedonlybyhisenviroment

c.lackofopportunityblocksthegrowthofintelligence

d.changesofenviromentproducechangesinthestructureofthebrain

5.Thispassagesuggeststhatanindividual'sI.Q.______.

a.canbepredictedatbirth

b.staysthesamethrouthouthislife

c.canbeincreasedbyeducation

d.isdeterminedbyhischildhood

答案：bcbcc

Asshewalkedroundthehugedepartmentstore,EdithreflectedhowdifficultitwastochooseasuitableChristmaspresentforherfather.Shewishthathewasaseasytopleaseashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume

Besides,shoppongatthistimeoftheyearwasamostdisgreeableexperience:peopletrodonyourtoes,pokedyouwiththeirelbowsandalmostknockedyouoverintheirhastetogettoabargainaheadofyou.

Partlytohavearest,Edithpausedinfrontofacounterwheresomeattracivetieswereondisplay."Theyarerealsilk,"theassistantassuredher,tryingtotempther."Worthdoubletheprice."Buteditknewfrompastexperiencethatherchoiceoftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.

Shemovedonreluctantlyandthenquitebychance,stoppedwhereasmallcrowdofmanhadgatheredroundacounter.Shefoundsomegoodqualitypipesonsale-----andthepriceswereveryreasonable.Edithdidnothesitateforlong:althoughherfatheronlysmokedapipeoccasionally,sheknewthatthiswasapresentwhichwasbundtopleasehim.

Whenshegothome,withhersmallwell-chosenpresentconcealedinherhandbag,herparentswerealreadyatthesuppertable.Hermotherwasinanespeciallycheerfulmood,"Yourfatherhasatlasttodecidedtostopsmoking."Sheinformedherdaughter.

1.Edith'sfather_______.

a.didnotlikepresent

b.nevergotpresent

c.preferredties

d.wasdifficulttochooseapresentfor

2.TheassistantspoketoEdithbecausesheseemed_______.

a.attractive

erestedinties

c.tired

d.inneedofcomfort

3.Edithstoppedatthenextcounter_________.

a.purosely

b.suddenly

c.unwillingly

d.accidentally

4.Edith'sfathersmokedapipe_______.

a.whenhewasobliged

b.onsocialoccasions

c.fromtimetotime

d.whenhewasdelighted

5.Shoppingwasverydisagreeableatthattimeoftheyearbecause_______.

a.coustomerstrodoneachother'stoes

b.coustomerspokedeachotherwiththeirelbows

c.customersknockedeachother

d.customersweredoingtheirshoppinginagreathurry

答案：dbdcd

Ifthepopulationoftheearthgoesonincreasingatitspresentrate,therewilleventuallynotbeenoughresourceslefttosustainlifeontheplanet.Bythemiddleofthe21stcentury,ifpresenttrendscontinue,wewillhaveusedupalltheoilthatdrivesourcars,forexample.Evenifscientistsdevelopnewwaysoffeedingthehumanrace,thecrowdedconditionsonearthwillmakeitnecessaryforlustolookforopenspacesomewhereelse.Butnoneoftheotherplanetsinoursolarsystemarecapableofsupportinglifeatpresent.Onepossiblesolutiontotheproblem,however,hasrecentlybeensuggestedbyAmericanscientist,ProfessorCarlSagan.

Saganbelievesthatbeforetheearth'sresourcesarecompleetelyexhausteditwillbepossibletochangetheatmophereofVenusandsocreateanewworldalmostaslargeasearthitself.ThedifficultisthatVenusismuchhotterthantheearthandthereisonlyatinyamountofwaterthere.

Saganproposesthatalgaeorganismsthatcanliveinextremelyhotorcoldatmospheresandatthesametimeproduceoxygen,shouldbebredinconditionsimilartothoseonVenus.Assoonasthishasbeendone,thealgaewillbeplacedinsmallrockets.SpaceshipwillthenflytoVenusandfiretherocketsin