英语状语从句用法分类详解

中考英语状语从句用法分类详解中考英语状语从句用法分类详解一、状语从句的概念用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。二、状语从句的分类根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。三、状语从句的句法功能1.时间状语从句（主句将来时从句现在时）1)时间状语从句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等连词来引导。例如：Itwasraininghardwhengottoschoolyesterday.Whilehewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang.Ashewalkedalongthelake,hesanghappily.HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.Afterhefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkinafactory.易混引导词while,when的区别：when既可以指"时间点",与瞬间动词连用，也可以指"时间段"，与延续性动词连用（=while）。While表示时间段,因此，while从句的谓语动词要用延续性动词。练习：用while或when填空1.Pleasedon'ttalksoloud______othersareworking.2.______hecamein,hismotherwascooking.3.______wewereatschool,wewenttothelibraryeveryday.Keys:1.while2.when2.While2)在时间状语从句里，通常不用将来时态，用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。练习：1.I’llringyouupassoonasI______（get）toNewYork.2.Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhe______(come)back.3.Hewon’tbelieveituntilhe______(see)itwithhisowneyes.Keys:1.get2.comes3.sees结论:主将从现的原则3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里，如果主句用肯定式，其含义是“一直到……时”，谓语动词只能用延续性动词。如果主句用否定式，其含义是“直到……才……”,“在……以前不……”,谓语动词可用瞬间动词。例如：（注意粗体单词）11.Theyoungmanreadtillthelightwentout.12.Let’swaituntiltherainstops.13.Wewon’tstartuntilBobcomes.14.Don’tgetoffuntilthebusstops.2.条件状语从句（主句用将来时从句用现在时）1)条件状语从句通常由if,unless引导。例如：Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?Don’tleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.2)在条件状语从句里，谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。练习：1.I’llhelpyouwithyourEnglishifI______(be)freetomorrow.2.He______(not)belateunlessheisill.Keys:1.am2.willnot3)“祈使句+and(or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。例如：Hurryup,or（其中文意思是什么）you’llbelate.=Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llbelate.Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.批注：需要让学生理解祈使句也是个句子，只是省略主语的句子，汉语中也较多此类句型，可以类比讲解。3.原因状语从句1)原因状语从句通常由because,since（因为）,as（因为）引导。例如：Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.Asitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo.Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion,I’llasksomeoneelse.2)because表示直接原因，语气最强。Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。回答由why提出的问题，只能用because。As和since语气较弱，一般用来表示明显的原因。由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。例如：------Whyaren’tgoingthere?------BecauseIdon’twantto.Ashehasnocar,hecan’tgetthereeasily.Sincewehavenomoney,wecan’tbuyit.3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。4.结果状语从句1)结果状语从句由so…that,such…that,sothat引导。练习：1.Heis______poorthathecan’tbuyabikeforhisson.A．soB.suchC.muchD.too2.Sheis______goodteacherthateverybodylikesher.A.suchaB.soaC.asoD.asuchKeys:AA2)so…that语such...that可以互换。例如：在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中，so是副词，与形容词连用。其结构是:“...so+形容词（副词）+that+从句”。例如：Hewassogladthathecouldn’tsayaword.Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中，such是形容词，它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词，也可以是不可数名词；名词前面可以带形容词，也可不带。如果是单数可数名词，前面需加不定冠词a或an。例如：Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-term.有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。练习：（选出划线部分的近义选项）1）Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.AsowonderfulafilmBsoawonderfulfilm2）Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.AsoanimportantmatchBansoimportantmatchCsoimportantamatchKeys:AC(3)如果名词前由many,much,little,few等词修饰时，只能用so,不用such。练习：Soontherewere______manydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.Keys:AAsoBsuchCmuch总结：总结：①so+形容词或者副词+that…②such+(形容词)+可数名词或者不可数名词+that③such+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数=so+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数④so+little/many/much/few+名词5.比较状语从句比较状语从句通常由as…as,比较级+than…等连词引导。例如：TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.批注：这里需要强调两个as后面接的词性是不同的，且第一个as后面接的必须是形容词和副词的原级，这是考试的重点；与此不同的是，than前面必须是形容词和副词的比较级形式。6.目的状语从句1)目的状语从句通常由sothat,inorderthat引导。例如：Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.Hestudieshardsothathecouldworkbetterinthefuture.Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.2)sothat既可引导目的状语从句，又可引导结果状语从句。区别这两种从句的办法有两个：目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can,could,may,might等。从意思上看，目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。例如：Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.(目的状语从句)Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.(结果状语从句)批注：这里主要引导学生从意思的角度进行区分，比如第二个句子，生病的目的不可能是为了休息，不符合正常的逻辑。7.让步状语从句1)让步状语从句通常由although,though，eventhough，evenif，nomatter，however等连词引导。例如：1.Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.2.Although／Though／Eventhough／Evenifyoudon’tlikehimyoucanstillbepolite．尽管／即使／纵然／即使你不喜欢他，你仍可有礼貌一些。3.Nomatterwhatyoudo(Whateveryourdo)，don’ttouchthisswitch．无论怎样，都别碰这个按钮。4.Howeverrichpeopleare(=Nomatterhowrichpeopleare)，theyalwaysseemanxioustomakemoremoney．无论人们多么富有，他们似乎总还渴望赚到更多的钱。5.Howevercarefullyyoudrive，youwillprobablyhaveanaccidenteventually．无论你开车多小心，最后你大概还会出车祸。6.Whateveryoudo，don’ttellhimthatItoldyouthis．无论如何，别跟他说这件事是我告诉你的。2)although(though)和but不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说：Thoughitwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.应该说：Thoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentout.或Itwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.批注：这是英语和汉语说话习惯不同的地方，需要重点讲解。另外，可以类比地讲解“因为和所以不能出现在同一个句子中”。8.地点状语从句地点状语从句常常由where来引导。例如：Gowhereyoulike.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.批注：这属于比较难的知识点，学生理解即可。实例解析实例解析1.Youwillstayhealthy_______youdomoreexercise,suchasrunningandwalking.A.ifB.howC.beforeD.where该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，从句应是一个条件状语从句，在这四个选项中只有if能引导条件状语从句，所以选A。答案：A。2.---Shallwegoonworking?---Yes,_________Iprefertohavearest.A.whenB.ifC.becauseD.though该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。从意思上看，只有选though才能说得通。答案：D。3.Noneofusknewwhathadhappened_________theytoldusaboutit.A.whenB.untilC.afterD.though该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词选择。本句的意思是“在……以前我们没人知道这件事。”要表达着一意思应用“not…until”这一句型。答案：B。4.---Ihopeyou’llenjoyyourtrip,dear!---Thankyou,mum.I’llgiveyouacall_________Igetthere.A.untilB.assoonasC.sinceD.till该题考查的是引导状语从句的从属连词的选择。本题的意思是“一到那里，我就给你打电话。”要表达这个意思应选用assoonas。答案：B。专项练习：练习一：一．单选题1._______he’sold,hecanstillcarrythisheavybag.A.ThoughB.SinceC.ForD.So2.---Doyouknowifhe_______toplaybasketballwithus?---Ithinkhewillcomeifhe______freetomorrow.A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willbe3.Inthezooifachild_____intothewaterandcan’tswim,thedolphinsmaycomeup______him.A.willfall;tohelpB.falls;tohelpC.willfall;helpD.falls;helping4.Idon’tremember________heworkedinthatcitywhenhewasyoung.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.who5.Wewillstayathomeifmyaunt________tovisitustomorrow.A.comesB.comeC.willcomeD.iscoming6.Thepoliceaskedthechildren_______crossthestreet________thetrafficlightsturnedgreen.A.not;beforeB.don’t;whenC.notto;untilD.not;after7.Iwaslateforclassyesterday_______therewassomethingwrongwithmybike.A.whenB.thatC.untilD.because8.I’llgoswimmingwithyouifI________freetomorrow.A.willbeB.shallbeC.amD.was9.Intheexam,the________youare,______the_______mistakesyouwillmake.A.careful;littleB.morecareful;fewestC.morecareful;fewerD.morecareful;less10.Youshouldfinishyourlessons_______yougoouttoplay.A.beforeB.afterC.whenD.while11.Ihurried_____Iwouldn’tbelateforclass.A.sinceB.sothatC.asifD.unless12.Whenyoureadthebook,you’dbettermakeamark_______youhaveanyquestions.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.though13.Theteacherraisedhisvoice_______allthestudentscouldhearhim.A.forB.sothatC.becauseD.inorder14.Hetookoffhiscoat_______hefelthot.A.becauseB.asC.ifD.since15.Itis______thatwe’dliketogooutforawalk.A.alovelydayB.toolovelyadayC.solovelyadayD.suchlovelyaday16.Maryhad______muchworktodothatshestayedatherofficeallday.A.suchB.soC.tooD.very17._______Ifeltverytired,Itriedtofinishthework.A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.AsD.Asif18.______thedaywenton,theweathergotworse.A.WithB.SinceC.WhileD.As19.______wellyoucandrive,youmustdrivecarefully.A.SolongasB.InorderthatC.NomatterhowD.Themoment20.Writetomeassoonasyou________toBeijing.A.willgetB.getC.gettingD.go二.根据中文意思完成下列英语句子1.不管他跟我开什么玩笑，我都不生气。Iamnotangrywithhim,____________________jokeshe______onme.2.布鲁斯太太对学生非常亲切，以至于学生把她当作母亲。Mrs.Brucewas_______kindtoherstudents______they______her_____theirmother.3.只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。Ourparentswillbepleasedwithourperformance________________wetryourbest.4.你一到上海就给我打个电话好吗？Willyoupleasecallme__________________yougettoShanghai.5.这个七岁的女孩酷爱钢琴，以至于他已经坚持练习两年了。Theseven-year-oldgirllikesplayingthepiano__________________shehaskeptpracticingfortwoyears.6.虽然她很忙，他还坚持自学英语。___________________________,shekeptonlearningEnglishbyherself.7.他长大后相当一名记者。Hewantstobeajournalist___________________________.8.无论刮风下雨，我们的老师总是第一个到校。______________windyorrainy,ourteacherisalwaysthefirsttogettoschool.9.如果人人为保护环境做出贡献，世界将会变得更美好。______________________________toprotectingtheenvironment,theworldwillbecomemuchmorebeautiful.10.李明昨天没来上学，因为他病了。LiMingdidn’tcometoschool__________________________.练习二：选择合适的连接词，完成下列句子。1.Jimspendsalotofmoneyonbooks______heisnotrich.2.Katefellintosleep______shewaslisteningtothemusic.3.----IsDavidatschooltoday?

----No.Heisathome______hehasabadcold.4.Wewon'thavesupper______mymothercomesback.5.Speaktohimslowly______hemayunderstandyoubetter.6.______shedoesn'tcomeonSunday,I'llgofishingbymyself.7.Itisfouryears______Ihadleftthatsmallvillage.8.______theairmoves,itiscalledwind.9.Wewillgotothepark______itdoesn'traintomorrow.10.______littleboysdid______muchwork.11.Therearefewnewwordsinthepassage______wecan'tunderstandit.12.Goback______youcomefrom.13.Hereachedthestation______thetrainhadleft.14.----Doyouhaveaswimmingpool?

----No,wedon't.Atleast,not______big______yours.15.Givemeyourpaper______youhavefinishedit.16.Itisraininghard,______wehavetostayathome.17.______youworkharder,you'llneverpassthefinalexam.18.Lookafterthechildren______Iamout.19.Thevillageis______faraway______Ican'tgetthereonfoot.20.Thatis______aninterestingbook______Ican'tstopreadingit.参考答案练习一：一.1.A2.C3.B4.C5.A6.C7.D8.C9.C10.A11.B12.C13.B14.A15.C16.B17.A18.D19.C20.B二.1.nomatterwhat;plays2.so;that;regarded;as3.aslongas4.aslongas5.somuchthat6.Thoughshewasbusy7.whenhegrowsup8.Whetherit’s9.Ifeveryonemakesacontribution10.becausehewasill练习二：1.though

2.while

3.because

4.until

5.sothat6.Evenif

7.since

8.when

9.if

10.Such,do

11.but

12.where

13.before

14.as(so),as

15.after

16.so

17.unless18.while

19.so,that

20.such,that二、英语书面表达专项训练2．亚洲文明对话大会近期在北京召开，你的印度朋友Danny收看了大会相关报道，对华夏文明产生了浓厚的兴趣，来信向你了解中国文化。假设你是李华，请根据以下内容提示用英语写一封回信给Danny。要点内容历史文化历史悠久，文化各异；传统节日，多彩习俗（举一例）文明行为相互尊重，以礼相待；互学共鉴，共同成长（或自拟）身边文明校园文明（自拟一点）注意：1.词数90词左右，开头和结尾已经写好，不计入总词数。2.回复必须包括所以要点，可是当发挥，是短文连贯，通顺。3.文中不得提及真实的人名、校名等相关信息。参考词汇:civilized文明的DearDanny,I’mgladtoreceiveyourletter.Sinceyouareinterestedincivilization(文明)ofChina,Iwouldliketosharesomethingwithyou.IhopeyoucancometoChinasomedaytoexperiencetheancientcultureofChina.Lookforwardtohearfromyousoon.Allthebest,LiHua【答案】DearDanny,I’mgladtoreceiveyourletter.Sinceyouareinterestedincivilization(文明)ofChina,Iwouldliketosharesomethingwithyou.Chinesecivilizationisoneoftheoldestandlongestcivilizationsintheworld.Chinaisacountryof56nationalities.Differentnationshavedifficultcultures.Inmycountry,wehavemanytraditionalfestivals,suchas,theSpringFestival,Mid-AutumnFestivalandtheDragonBoatFestival.Theyarealsocalled“threemajorChineseholidays”inChina.HerearethecustomsofeatingZongziandracingdragon-boatontheDragonBoatFestival.Chinaisanationofetiquette(礼仪).Chinesepeoplecanrespect,trustandhelpeachother.Wealllearnandgrowtogether.Everyoneinmyschoolshouldprotectthewholepublicenvironment.Climbingthetrees,pickingtheflowersandthrowinggarbageatrandomarenotallowedthere.IhopeyoucancometoChinasomedaytoexperiencetheancientcultureofChina.Lookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.Allthebest.LiHua【解析】【分析】本文要求给你的印度朋友Danny写一篇关于华夏文明的回信。【详解】文章需要介绍下中国的文化。表格中列举了三个要点，写作时注意不要漏写。平时注意多多积累句型、短语。细心检查避免疏漏。以图表展示的作文要以“读”为主，首先要认真读懂图表中的要求，对所给信息加以分析、推断、筛选、概括，去粗取精；在写作时目的要明确，要注意内容的准确性和严肃性。【点睛】写作中注意语义通顺，符合逻辑关系，上下文之间可以适当使用连接词。如but,so,then等。可以适当使用高分句子。本篇文章写的好的句子有：Chinesecivilizationisoneoftheoldestandlongestcivilizationsintheworld．中华文明是世界上最古老、最悠久的文明之一。Chinaisanationofetiquette(礼仪)，中国是一个礼仪之邦。3．手机在生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色，许多中学生沉迷于手机无法自拔，比如你的好友Miller.请根据以下提示点写一篇短文：1.去年，Miller对手机游戏非常入迷，而且花大量时间用手机聊天看电影；2.Miller与家人和朋友交流甚少，离开手机会很焦虑；3.昨天还因为走路看手机被自行车撞了，膝盖受伤；4.你的建议……参考词汇：mobilegames手机游戏anxious焦虑becrazyabout对……入迷要求：1字数80-100个2开头已经给出不计入总词数3要点齐全，行为连贯，适当发挥Todaymoreandmorepeopleareaddictedto(沉迷）playingthemobilephones.Lastyear,MyfriendMillerwas【答案】Todaymoreandmorepeopleareaddictedto(沉迷）playingthemobilephones.Lastyear，MyfriendMillerwascrazyaboutmobilegamesaswell.Hespenttoomuchtimeinchattingandwatchingfilmsonthephone.Millerhardlytalkedwithhisfamilyandfriends.Helivedinhisownworld.Hefeltveryanxiouswithoutmobilephones.Yesterdayhewashitbyabike,becausehewaswatchinghisphoneatthatmoment.Asaresult,hehurthiskneesbadly.Inmyopinion,Ithinkwecan’tusethemobilephonesforalongtime,Imean,nomorethanhalfanhouraday.Don’ttakemobilephonestoschool.Amobilephoneisjustakindoftool,notourwholelife.【解析】【详解】这是一篇给材料作文。首先认真审题，看清题目中的要求和要点；然后根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达；再紧扣要点，动笔写作，可适当发挥。在写作时，注意连句成篇，保持文章的连贯性，要层次清楚，要点分明，中心突出。同时要注意语言的表述应该符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯；尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，最好不要写太长的复合句；尽量选取简单的易拼写的单词，确保正确率；词汇、句式要丰富多样，可以为文章增色添彩。最后要细心复核检查，确保正确无误。4．临近毕业，学校在学习小组内开展了初中阶段自评和组评活动，假设你是Moonlight小组的组长，请根据下面表格中的信息和提示，为你的组员Tommy进行综合素质的评价，写一份素质报告．NameTommyCharacteristics聪明、大方（各举一例）Hobbies喜欢看书，认为看书有很多好处（请列举

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个好处）Honour他在家帮助做家务。在学校和同学相处融洽。上学途中遵守交通规则（举

一例）。今年，学校授予了他优秀学生奖（AwardforBestStudent）Problems面临考试，遭受压力痛苦，他没有充足的睡眠．Yoursuggestions（根据实际情况提

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点建议）…要求：1、表达清楚、语法正确、上下文连贯；2、要点必须包括所有相关信息，并作适当发挥；3、词数：100词左右；4、不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等TommyisamemberofmyteamcalledMoonlight.【答案】TommyisamemberofmyteamcalledMoonlight.Heiscleverandheisgoodatallhislessons.Heissogenerousthatheshareseverythingwithhisfriends.Helikesreadingbecausehethinkshecangetmuchknowledgeandlearnmoreabouttheworldbyreading.Andreadinghasagoodeffectonchildren’sgrowth.Athome,hecanhelphisparentsdosomehousework.Atschool,hegetsonwellwithhisclassmates.Onthewaytoschool,heobeysthetrafficrules.Hecrossestheroadwhenthelightisgreen.OurschoolpresentedhimwithAwardforBestStudentthisyear.However,Tommyisstressedwhentheexamcomes.Andhedoesn’thaveenoughsleep.Ithinkheshouldgooverwhathehaslearnedbeforeexams.It’sbetterforhimtomanagehistimewiselysothathecanhaveenoughtimetorest.【解析】这篇作文要求我们按照表格里的内容介绍一下Tommy的情况，为Tommy写一篇综合素质的评价报告。在表格中有非常详细的关于Tommy各方面的内容，我们需要用正确的英语把这些内容有条理的表达出来。表格中涉及的内容较多，写作时要注意表达的条理性。这篇作文应主要使用第三人称来写。在最后要给Tommy提一些建议，这一部分应该用第一人称。同时注意表达的准确性，尤其是表格中的第五项和第六项内容。【亮点说明】这是一篇比较优秀的范文。这篇作文内容完整，包含了表格中的所有内容，没有遗漏要点。表达准确，注意了被动形式的使用，如Hewasrewardedbyourschoolthisyear.。写作时注意了条理性，使文章具有层次感，条理清楚。短文注意到了长短句的结合，并恰当的使用了一些连词，使文章表达的连贯。如Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers.、Henotonlylikesreadingdetectivenovelsbutalsolikeswatchingprogramsaboutsportsnews.、Heisgoodatrunning.Hewonthefirstplaceinourschoolsportsmeetingthisyear.等。5．假设你是Beth,前段时间曾向英语校刊投送一篇题为MyEnglishTeacherMissZhang的短诗。近日，又至毕业季，师生们忙着互致临别赠言。为此，编辑部策划开“ALettertoMyTeacher”专栏，邀请你以信件的形式重新投稿。短诗如下：MyEnglishTeacherMissZhangThereisateacher,MissZhang,Whoisfriendly,patientandhelpful.Alwaysencouragingustotry,Sheleadsustoaworldof"why".Weallrespectandadmireher.注意事项：1.稿件内容须根据短诗展开合理想象，不得抄写短诗原文：2.要求语句通顺、意思连贯、符合情境。3.词数在70个左右，稿件的首尾已在答题卡上给出，不计入总词数：4.稿件必须写在答题卡指定的位置上。_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】DearEditorialOffice,IamwritingtorecommendasTheMostPopularTeacher．SheisMissZhang.SheismyEnglishteacher．Sheisinherforties．Hersmallroundglassesmakeherlooksmart．Sheoftenworkstohighstandardsandiswillingtoworkextrahours．Sheiskindandhelpful，too．Shealwayshelpsuswithourstudy．Shelovesjogging，soshelookshealthy．Tomysurprise，shehasdonatedbloodmanytimessince2001．Shehasalsodecidedtodonateherbodyformedicalresearchafterherdeath．IreallyloveherandIwanttobeateacherlikeherinthefuture．IthinkMissZhangisthemostsuitablepersontobetheMostPopularTeacher．Ihopethatyouagreewithme．Yourssincerely，Beth,【解析】【详解】本文是一篇给材料作文。根据编辑部策划开“ALettertoMyTeacher”专栏，邀请你以信件的形式重新投稿。文章时态用一般现在时，人称主要为第一人称。本文所给材料比较详细，考生要做的就是用正确的英语把这些内容表达出来。动笔前要认真阅读材料，不可遗漏要点，并可适当发挥。在写作时，注意紧扣主题，连句成篇，要层次清楚，要点分明，中心突出。同时要注意语言的表述应该符合语法的结构，造句应该符合英语的表达习惯；尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，最好不要写太长的复合句；尽量选取简单的易拼写的单词，确保正确率；词汇、句式要丰富多样，可以为文章增色添彩。最后要细心复核检查，确保正确无误。【点睛】点睛：首先认真审题，看清题目中的要求和要点；然后根据提示内容，列出写作要点及每个要点中可能要用到的表达；然后紧扣要点，动笔写作，在写作过程中，要注意句与句、段与段之间的过渡，必要时可适当运用表示转折、因果、并列、比较等关系的连词，使文章过渡平稳，自然流畅；最后，要仔细检查有无单词拼写错误、标点符号误用等，还要检查语法结构是否合理，有无重复、啰嗦的语言，大小写是否正确，词数是否符合要求等。6．为提升南京城市形象，我市已启动老小区出新改造工程。假设你是Tim，请根据下面表格内容的提示，用英文向你的外国笔友Jack做简单的介绍。PurposeimprovetheenvironmentChangestopeople‟slifebeautifulbuildings,…Problemslotsofnoise,rubbishYouradvice…注意：1.文中不得出现你的真实姓名和学校名称；2.语言通顺，意思连贯，条理清楚，书写规范；3词数80左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。Hi,Jack!IamTim.TodayIwilltellyousomethingabouttheproject“Renovationoftheoldcommunities”inNanjing.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】Hi,Jack!IamTim.TodayIwilltellyousomethingabouttheproject“Renovationoftheoldcommunities”inNanjing.Thisprojectisaimtoimprovetheenvironment.Afterthisproject,therewillbemorebeautifulbuildings,someparksandabigshoppingstore.Ourlifewillbemoreconvenient.Buttherearesomeproblemswhichinfluenceourlife.Forexample,lotsofnoiseisaroundusalldaylong,andwecanseethebuildingrubbishanywhere.Inmyopinion,theprojectteamonlyworkindaytimeandthebuildingrubbishcanbeputatafixedplace.Ofcourse,everyoneintheoldcommunitiescandowhattheycandotorenovateourcommunities.【解析】【分析】这篇书面表达是描述老社区改造工程，话题较新。【详解】这是篇材料作文，所给的内容要点给的比较零碎，不完整，所以考生需要结合实际情况补充完整，是文章内容充实。在写作时，首先要选择自己熟悉的短语或者句型，在能力范围之内，选择句式时要赋予变化，这样才可以更好的驾驭。同时也要选择合适的连接词，把各个要点组织成一个完整的整体。7．假如你是李华，请你根据以下提示用英语写一封保护大象的倡议书。提示：陆地上最大的哺乳动物，可以活到80岁。目前数量在减少，因为：1）人们砍伐森林，大象渐渐失去家园；2）人们捕杀大象，获取象牙。3）应如何保护它们(不少于三条)。要求：1）恰当运用比较级和最高级；2）80词左右。倡议书的结尾已给出，不计入总词数。参考词汇：哺乳动物mammal;象牙ivoryDearclassmates_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Ibelieveeveryone'scontribution(贡献)canmakeabigdifference.Yours,Lihua【答案】Dearclassmates,Elephantsarethelargestmammalsonthelandandtheycanliveuptobeeightyyears.Butnowthenumberoftheelephantsisdecreasingbecauseofthefollowingreasons.Firstly,peoplecutdowntreesintheforest,soelephantsarelosingtheirhomes.Secondly,peoplealsokillelephantsfortheirivory.Asaresult,weneedtodosomethingtohelpthem.First,weshouldplantmoretreestobuildthehomesforelephants.Second,wecanputuppostonthestreettotellpeoplethatitisagainstthelawtokillelephants.Orwecanalsoholdsomeactivitiesinsomepublicplacestospreadtheideaofprotectingtheelephants.Ibelieveeveryone'scontribution(贡献)canmakeabigdifference.Yours,Lihua【解析】【详解】本文是一封倡议书,倡议大家保护大象。文章共分为三个方面的内容，首先描述大象想在所处的现状，然后说明出现这种状况的原因，最后为了保护的大象我们应该如何去做。时态主要为一般现在时。提出倡议时可以使用Wecan/Weshould/Let’s/We’dbetter的表示建议的句子。写作时注意不要使用太复杂的句型，以免出现语法错误，为使句子具有连贯性，可以适当使用连词。本篇文章内容完整，符合材料要求，Elephantsarethelargestmammals…,及First,weshouldplantmoretrees也使用到了比较级和最高级；Firstly,….Secondly,…等词的使用使文章具有层次性，条理清晰。并且一些连词的使用，比如so,or,but等也使文章具有连贯性，是一篇不错的文章。8．写作:81.目前，很多高中都开设了特色课程，涵盖烘焙、舞蹈、钢琴、跆拳道、足球等内容，很大程度上增加了校园生活的趣味性，但也有人持不同的看法。作为即将升入高中的你，对于特色文化课程有何看法？请根据下表的提示完成一篇短文并阐述你的观点。ViewsonSpecialCourses赞同1.有助于增加我们的技能；2.有利于培养我们不轻易放弃的精神；3.……不赞同1.过多占用学生时间，耽误学习；2.需要投入更多的钱，增加家庭压力；3.……你的观点1.……2.……要求：1.表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯；2.必须包括表格中所有相关信息，并适当发挥；3.词数：100左右（文章开头已给出，不计入）4.不得使用真实姓名、校名和地名等。ViewsonSpecialCoursesNowadays,manyseniorschoolcarryonsomespecialcoursesintheirnormalsubjects.Butdifferentpeoplehavedifferentideas.__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】ViewsonSpecialCoursesNowadays,manyschoolcarryonsomespecialcoursesintheirnormalsubjects.Butdifferentpeoplehavedifferentideas.Somestudentsliketoattendtheseclasses.Firstofa