镁条和铝片在常温下就能和空气中的氧气发生氧化反应51

金属的化学性质镁条和铝片在常温下就能和空气中的氧气发生氧化反响。金属与氧气的反响4Al+3O2=2Al2O32Mg+O2=2MgO铜片和铁丝在高温时能与氧气反响2Cu+O2加热2CuO3Fe+2O2点燃Fe3O4金不能和氧气反响铁丝在氧气中燃烧高温炼金讨论1：从以下方程式你能得到哪些信息？〔1〕4Al+3O2=2Al2O3〔2〕2Cu+O2加热2CuO〔3〕2Mg+O2=2MgO〔4〕Au+O2→不反响〔5〕3Fe+2O2点燃Fe3O4综合上述信息可知：1.大多数金属都能与_______反响，反响剧烈程度________(相同，不相同〕2.金属的活动性：说明_______较活泼,________次之,

______很不活泼Au氧气不相同Al、MgFe、Cu〔1〕铝在常温下能与氧气反响，那么我们用的铝制餐具是怎么回事呢？金属在常温下发生缓慢氧化：4Al+3O2=2Al2O3；2Mg+O2=2MgO形成一层致密的氧化物薄膜，从而阻止铝的进一步氧化，因而铝具有较好的抗腐蚀性。〔2〕为何不宜用钢刷来擦洗铝制餐具呢？假设用钢刷擦洗铝制品，容易把氧化薄膜除掉，从而起不到保护作用。思考：金属和酸的反响在试管中分别参加少量镁带、锌粒、铜片、铁粉，再分别加少量稀盐酸或硫酸，观察各组物质是否反响，有没有气泡，有没有放热现象，反响速度如何，完成反响方程式。反应物反应现象反应速度反应方程式稀盐酸或稀硫酸镁锌

铁

铜很快较快较慢不反响Mg+H2SO4==MgSO4+H2↑Mg+2HCl==MgCl2+H2↑Zn+H2SO4==ZnSO4+H2↑Zn+2HCl==ZnCl2+H2↑Fe+H2SO4==FeSO4+H2↑Fe+2HCl==FeCl2+H2↑剧烈反响，产生大量气泡剧烈反响，产生大量气泡反响缓慢，有气泡产生，溶液由无色变为浅绿色不反响讨论:(1)哪些金属能与盐酸、稀硫酸发生反响？反响后生成了什么气体？哪些金属不能与盐酸、稀硫酸发生反响？铁钉和稀盐酸镁和稀盐酸锌和稀盐酸铜和稀盐酸(3)由此推出，金属活动性顺序__________________铁、镁、锌能和稀盐酸或稀硫酸反响，反响后生成了氢气，铜不能和稀盐酸或稀硫酸反响(2)铁、镁、锌能和稀盐酸或稀硫酸反响时剧烈程度不同。____反响最剧烈其次是_____，然后是_____镁锌铁Mg、Zn、Fe、Cu金属与某些化合物溶液反响：创设问题情景：金属能跟其他化合物反响吗？提供以下药品〔硫酸铜固体、硫酸铜溶液、硝酸银溶液、硫酸铝溶液、铁钉、铜片〕进行探究。活动性强的金属能把活动性弱的金属从它们的化合物中反响出来回忆:铁和硫酸铜溶液反响的现象：铁钉外表有红色物质生成，蓝色溶液变成浅绿色铝和硫酸铜溶液反响铜和硝酸银溶液反响Fe+CuSO4==FeSO4+Cu

实验

现象

反应的化学方程式

说明光亮的铝丝浸入硫酸铜溶液中铜丝浸入硝酸银溶液中铜丝浸入硫酸铝溶液中实验一：说明___的活动性强于_____铝丝外表覆盖一层红色的铜，溶液由蓝色变成无色铜丝外表覆盖一层银白色的银，溶液由无色逐渐变成蓝色2Al+3CuSO4==Al2(SO4)3+3CuCu+2AgNO3==Cu(NO3)2+2Ag无实验二：说明____的活动性强于

_____

实验三：说明_____的活动性弱于_____AlCuCuAgCuAl结论：金属活动性顺序__________________________Al>Cu>Ag金属与化合物溶液的反响一种_____和一种______反响，生成另一种_____和另一种_____的反响叫做置换反应讨论：以下反响方程式有何共同特征？Mg+H2SO4==MgSO4+H2

↑

Zn+H2SO4==ZnSO4+H2↑Fe+2HCl==FeCl2+H2↑Fe+CuSO4==FeSO4+Cu你还能举出哪些置换反响的例子吗？

2.C

+CuO高温Cu+CO2

3.H2+CuO加热H2O+Cu1.Zn+2HCl==ZnCl2+H2

↑单质化合物单质化合物金属活动性顺序：KCaNaMgAlZnFeSnPb(H)CuHgAgPtAu试一试：想一想：1.在金属活动性顺序里：金属的位置越______,它的活动性就越强。2.通过实验一，你能得出，在金属活动性顺序里：位于____前面的金属能置换出盐酸、稀硫酸中的_____。3.通过实验二，你能得出，在金属活动性顺序里：位于_____的金属能把位于____的金属从它们的化合物的_____里置换出来。靠前氢后面溶液氢前面〔K、Ca、Na除外！〕知识结构：金属的化学性质一.金属与氧气的反响4Al+3O2=2Al2O32Mg+O2=2MgO3Fe+2O2

点燃Fe3O4二.金属与稀盐酸、稀硫酸反响〔置换反响〕Fe+2HCl==FeCl2+H2↑Fe+H2SO4==FeSO4+H2↑Zn+2HCl==ZnCl2+H2

↑

Zn+H2SO4==ZnSO4+H2

↑Mg+2HCl==MgCl2+H2

↑Mg+H2SO4==MgSO4+H2

↑三.金属与某些化合物溶液反响〔置换反响〕2Al+3CuSO4==Al2〔SO4〕3+3CuCu+2AgNO3==Cu(NO3)2+2Ag四.置换反响：由单质和化合物反响，生成单质和化合物的反响五.金属活动性顺序：KCaNaMgAlZnFeSnPb(H)CuHgAgPtAu

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