热点06大数据与数字经济-备战2023年中考英语热点话题解读关键能力(题型)强化专练(通用版)

备战2023年中考英语热点话题解读+关键能力(题型)强化专练热点06大数据与数字经济什么是大数据大数据（bigdata），是指无法在可承受的时间范围内用常规软件工具进行捕捉、管理和处理的数据集合。在维克托·迈尔-舍恩伯格及肯尼斯·库克耶编写的《大数据时代》中大数据指不用随机分析法（抽样调查）这样的捷径，而采用所有数据进行分析处理。大数据的4V特点：Volume（大量）、Velocity（高速）、Variety（多样）、Value（价值）。对于“大数据”（Bigdata）研究机构Gartner给出了这样的定义。“大数据”是需要新处理模式才能具有更强的决策力、洞察发现力和流程优化能力的海量、高增长率和多样化的信息资产。根据维基百科的定义，大数据是指无法在可承受的时间范围内用常规软件工具进行捕捉、管理和处理的数据集合。大数据技术的战略意义不在于掌握庞大的数据信息，而在于对这些含有意义的数据进行专业化处理。换言之，如果把大数据比作一种产业，那么这种产业实现盈利的关键，在于提高对数据的“加工能力”，通过“加工”实现数据的“增值”。（来源：）数字经济发展方兴未艾，更多企业迈上“云端”（中国经济网北京9月26日讯）国家统计局26日发布的《新动能茁壮成长新经济方兴未艾——党的十八大以来经济社会发展成就系列报告之九》显示，我国深入实施数字经济发展战略，不断完善数字基础设施，激活数据要素潜能，大力推进数字产业化和产业数字化，数字经济发展实现重大突破，为经济社会持续健康发展提供了强大动力。2020年，我国数字经济核心产业增加值占GDP的比重达7.8%，数字经济总量跃居世界第二位。信息基础设施建设全球领先，已建成全球最大5G网。2021年末，我国累计建成并开通5G基站142.5万个，占全球60%以上。数字技术与各行业加速融合，电子商务蓬勃发展，共享经济、平台经济日益壮大。《中国共享经济发展报告（2022）》显示，2021年我国共享经济交易规模约36881亿元，比上年增长约9.2%。工业数字化转型提速，工业企业生产设备数字化水平持续提升，更多企业迈上“云端”。目前，全国已培育100个以上具有行业特色和区域影响力的工业互联网平台，连接工业设备数量超过7600万台（套），平台汇聚的工业APP突破59万个。（来源：《潇湘晨报》，2022-09-26）圾邮件spam屏幕保护screensaver桌面desktop黑客hacker木马（一种黑客程序）TrojanHorse病毒virus博客blog写博客的人blogger播客podcast点击量clickrate浏览量/访问量pageview漏洞bug语音视频voiceandvideochat网络课堂onlineclass群聊groupchat导航栏navigationbar一级页面homepage/mainpage二级页面secondarypage/subordinatepage搜索引擎searchengine自动搜索autosearch手动搜索manualsearch站点管理员sitemanager宽带broadband带宽bandwidth服务器server浏览器browser认证授权certificateauthority域名系统DNS--(DomainNameSystem)域名domainname以太网ethernet常见问题回答FAQ(frequentaskedquestions)防火墙firewall互联网上的激烈争论flamewar局域网，本地网LAN--(LocalAreaNetwork)邮件发送清单maillist网络礼节netiquette端口port网关gateway安全认证securitycertificate远程登陆telnet论坛BBS(BulletinBoardSystem)/forum论坛版块board版主moderator用户user管理员administrator发贴post回帖reply提交贴子submitpost预览preview重置reset主题topic/thread加精addtodigest置顶stick移动move删除delete刷新refresh登陆logon/login注销logout一、阅读理解1FiveyearsisarathershorttimeinthelonghistoryofChina.Butfordigital(数字的)development,alotofchangeshavetakenplaceinmanyaspectsofourlife.Nowadays,it’snormalforpeopletocommunicateonWeChat,themostpopularmobilesocialmediaplatforminChina.Peopletakelesscash(现金)withthembecausemostofthestoresandhotelsacceptWeChatPayandAlipay.InChina,holdingamobilephonemeanshavingtheworldinyourhands.Youcanshop,travel,communicate,havefunbyusingamobilephone,andallofthesetaskscanbecompletedwithafewfingertaps.Withoutmobilephones,lifewouldseemdull.Bytheendof2016,therewere695millionmobilephoneusersinChina,anincreaseof12percentonyear-on-yearbasis.TheaveragemobileInternetdatatrafficreached172megabytespermonth,whichwasfarmorethantheglobalaverage.Atthetwosessions(两会),PremierLiKeqiangpointedoutthatin2017thespeedofmobilenetworkwouldbeincreasedandthecostwouldbereducedgreatly.Mobileratesfordomesticroaming(国内漫游)andlongdistancecallswouldbecancelled(取消).Meanwhile,theTD-LTE4GcommunicationtechnologydevelopedmainlyinChinahasbeenacceptedandwidelyusedacrosstheworld.In2020,China’s5Gnetworkisinservice.IthelpsChina’smobiletelecommunicationovertake(反超)theinternationalcommunity’s.1.Peopletakelesscashwiththembecause________.A.cashisn’tusefulanymore B.it’seasiertouseonlinepaybymobilephoneC.manystoresrefusecash D.onlinepayisusedinallstoresandhotels2.Byusingamobilephone,youcandomanythingsEXCEPT________.A.orderingsomethingtoeat B.chattingwithfriendsC.playinggames D.cookingsomethingdelicious3.Accordingtothepassage,weknowthat________.A.ThecostofusingmobilephonesislowerB.thespeedofmobilenetworksloweddownC.ChineseuserswillmakephonecallsforfreeinthefutureD.theusingofmobilephoneswascancelled4.Whichoneistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Peoplecan’tlivewithoutmobilephones.B.Thespeedofmobilenetworkandthecostwouldbeincreasedgreatly.C.TheTD—LTE4GcommunicationtechnologyisonlyusedinChina.D.China’s5Gnetworkhasalreadybeeninservice.2ChineseathletesdidagreatjobattheTokyo2020OlympicGames,winning88medalsintotal.Butdoyouknowthattherearemanycooltechnologiesbehindtheirsuccess?SuBingtian,thefirstChinesesprinter,reachedanOlympic100mfinal.Withthehelpofscientifictraining,hemadehisbreakthrough.“IttakesSu47stepstorun100metres.Eachstepcounts,”LiangDong,amemberofSu’strainingteam,toldShenzhenEveningNews.“RandyHuntington,Su’sAmericancoachandabiomechanics（生物力学）expertintrackandfield,hascollectedalotofdata（数据）onoutstandingsprintersandbuiltadatabase.HeputinallofSu’sdataandgotanear-optimal（接近最优的）model.WhenSuistraining,theteamuseshigh-speedcamerastorecordhistrainingandcomparesitwiththemodeltofindouthisweaknesses.”Technologyhasalsobroughtanewimprovementtotabletennis.OnJuly27,thesemifinalmatchbetweenChina’sSunYingshaandJapan’sMimaITOwasinfullswing（正在全力进行）attheTokyoMetropolitanGymnasium.Youwouldn’thaveguessedthatbesidesplayers,judgesandaudiences,apowerfulAIplatformwaswatchingthematch.Everyserve,swingandmovementofMimaITOwascaughtbythisAIcloudplatformsetinTokyo.Atanaveragespeedof100Mbps,thedatawassenttothetechnicalteamoftheZhejiangUniversityTableTennisIntelligentBigDataAnalysisPlatform,2,442kilometresawayfromtheTokyoMetropolitanGymnasium,accordingtoThePaper.Theplatformhasstoredthedataofmorethan8,000matchessofar.Theresearchteamhasbeenworkingonmatchsimulation（模拟）since2018.“UsingbigdataandAI,wecancorrectlysimulateandpredicthowthewinningratewillchangewhenplayerschangecertaintactics（策略）.”ProfessorWuYingcai,themaindeveloperoftheplatform,toldCCTV-2.TheTokyoOlympicGameshaveseennotonlyscientificsupportintraining,butmanycutting-edgetechnologiesinathletes’devices（设备）.Forexample,theKenyawomen’svolleyballteam’sGPSdevicesfeddataoneachplayer’sstrength,heartrateandsoontocoaches,whousedtheinformationtopreventinjury（受伤）andpersonalizetrainingplansforeachindividual,SouthChinaMorningPostreported.5.WhohelpedSuBingtianalottomakehisbreakthrough?A.Hisscientifictraining. B.Supportfromhisfamily.C.Hiscoach’sencouragement. D.Supportfromothersprinters.6.What’stheadvantageofmatchsimulationaccordingtoProfessorWuYingcai?A.Playerscanstudyotherplayers’tactics.B.Playerscanknowtheirownweaknesses.C.Ithelpsplayersimprovetheirwinningrate.D.Ithelpsjudgesmakethecorrectjudgement.7.TheGPSdevicescanhelpcoaches________.A.quicklyfindoutplayers’informationB.givepropertreatmentforsportsinjuriesC.makebetterdecisionsforfuturetrainingD.followplayers’movementduringthegame8.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?A.ThesuccessoftheTokyoOlympics.B.TheadvantagesofusingAIattheTokyoOlympics.C.ThewaysathletespreparedfortheTokyoOlympics.D.TechnologiesthathelpedathletesattheTokyoOlympics.9.Thepassageismostlikelyto________.A.beanadvertisementB.appearinatechnologynewspaperC.beaposterfortheTokyo2020OlympicGamesD.appearintheguidebookforsportsmen3Whenyoulookupatthenightsky,whatcomestomind?ForChristineYe,allshecanthinkaboutarethemysteriesoftheuniverse(宇宙).Thankstoherstudyofblackholesandneutronstars(中子星),the17-year-oldatEastlakeHighSchoolinWashington,theUnitedStates,wonthetopawardatthe2022RegeneronScienceTalentSearch.It’soneoftheoldestandbest-knownsciencecompetitionsforUShighschoolstudents.Itfocusesoncreativity,followingtherulesofscience,andaperson’spotential(潜力)tobecomealeaderinscience.Ye’sresearchisbasedondatafromtheLaserInterferometerGravitational-waveObservatory(LIGO,激光干涉引力波天文台).SheusedthedatatosolveoneofLIGO’shardestpuzzles(谜题).In2019,researchersfoundripples(涟漪)inspace-time.Therippleswerecausedbythecollision(碰撞)ofablackholewithanunknownobjectthatwas2.6timesaslargeasEarth’ssun.Byanalyzing(分析)thedata,Yeandherco-writer,NorthwesternUniversityresearcherMayaFishbach,pointedoutthattheunknownobjectcouldbeafast-spinningneutronstar.Theyalsofoundthatafast-spinningneutronstarcouldbeverylarge,butstillsmallerthanablackhole.Thankstotheresearch,Yewonfirstplaceand$250,000(about159,000yuan).“I’mtotallyinshock,”YetoldGeekWireaftertheresultscameout.“Itfeelsamazing.”ShealsosaidworkingwithscientistsatNorthwesternUniversityhasbeena“once-in-a-lifetimeexperience”.Yeplanstostudyastrophysics(天体物理学)incollege,especiallygravitational-wave(引力波)astronomy.“It’saveryyoungfield,”shesaid.“Itwouldbereallynicetogrowupwiththefieldasitdevelops.”10.WhydidChristineYewintheaward?A.Forfindinganewneutronstar. B.ForsolvingaLIGOpuzzle.C.Forbeingtheyoungestastronomer. D.Forfindingripplesinspace-time.11.Whatisthe“object”inParagraph4?A.Aripple. B.Ablackhole. C.Thesun. D.Aneutronstar.12.HowdidYefeelafterwinningtheaward?A.Shewasafraidofbeingfamous. B.Shewasmostlyhappyabouttheprizemoney.C.Shewassurprisedandexcited. D.Shedidn’tcareabouttheaward.13.Whichisthebesttitleofthisarticle?A.TeenScientistWinsBigAward B.WorkinaNewFieldC.WaystoStudyUniverse D.Ripples(涟漪)inSpace-time4Haveyounoticedyourlifebecomingalittleeasier?Now,whenyougotoacertainshoppingmall,youcanenjoyitsfreeWi-Fithere.Whenyouwanttotakeataxi,youcanbook(预定)onewithyourphone.Infact,allthesecanbeseenasthebasicpartsofasmartcity.TheideaofasmartcitywasbroughtupbyUScompanyIBMin2010.Generally,asmartcityisacitythatusesdigitaltechnologiessuchastheInternettoimprovecityplanning,savemoneyandresources,andmakeourlifeconvenient.Howsmartcanacitybe?Herearegreatexamplesthatwecanlearnfrom.In2009,DubuquebecamethefirstsmartcityintheUS.Thecityusedsmartwatermeterstotaketheplaceoftraditionalwatermeters.Theycandetect(探测)waterwasteandleakage(泄漏)andsenddatatoletthehouseownerknow.Thesamesystemisusedforothercityresourceslikeelectricityandnaturalgas.Thisway,peopleknowhowtheyusetheirresourcesandaregladtohelpreducewaste.SantanderinSpainalsogivesusalookinthefuture.Ifpeoplepointaphonetowardanearbybusstop,thephoneimmediatelyshowsallbuslinesthatservethestopaswellastheirarrivaltimes.ThegovernmentorganizedaresearchteamandprovidedanApp(应用程序)thatcollectsdataonalmosteverything:light,temperature,andthemovementsofcarsandpeople.OpeningtheAppnearasupermarketprovidesimmediateinformationonspecialoffers.14.Theunderlinedword“convenient”istheclosestinmeaningto________.A.useful B.normal C.suitable D.easy15.Comparedtotraditionalwatermeters,smartwatermetersdobetterin________.A.cleaningwater B.supplyingwater C.savingwater D.producingwater16.TheexampleofSantandershowstheuseofsmartsystemsinaspects(方面)EXCEPT________.A.business B.healthcare C.trafficcontrolling D.publictransportation17.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisRIGHT?A.Digitaltechnologiesareusedinsmartcities.B.AnEnglishcompanyfirstraisedtheideaofasmartcity.C.AsmartcityismainlymadeupoffreeWi-Fiandphones.D.Asmartcityisstillanideaandhasn’tcomeintobeing.18.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?A.Digitaltechnologieshelpimprovecityplanning.B.Smartcitieswillmakeourfuturelifebetterandsmarter.C.SmartcitiesareverycommoninbothDubuqueandSantander.D.SpainandtheUStaketheleadingpositioninbuildingsmartcities.5Facial-recognitioncamerasareeverywhere-eveninyoursmartphone.Manypeopleusethistechnologytounlocktheirphones,opendoors,ormakequickpayments.Butthereisaproblemduringtheepidemic(疫情):everyonewearsmasks.Whataheadache!Scientistsaretryingtosolvethisproblem.Forexample,EngineeringandTechnology(E&T)magazinereportsthatHanwang,atechcompanyinBeijing,hasmadeanewsystem.Itcanrecognize(辨认)95%ofpeoplewhentheywearmasks.What’sthesecret?It’sallaboutyoureyes.MariosSavvidesfromCamegieMellonUniversitystudiesfacial-recognition.Aswegetolder,hesays,ourfaceschangeshape.Buttheareaaroundoureyesdoesn’t.Itstaysthesame—evenifweputonweight.Aslongasthereareenoughdatafromtheareaofoureyes,thecamerascanrecognizeus.Tech5isanotherfacial-recognitioncompany.TheSwisscompany’sproductsscan(扫描)theshapeofyourface.Theyalsoscanyouriris,whichisthecoloredpartofyoureyes.Tech5hopestoignore(忽略)allofthefacebelowthenose.Thiskindofsoftwareismoreimportantthanjustunlockingyourphone.“Itcandiscovercriminals,evenwhentheywearmasks,”saidHuangLeifromHanwang.Hanwang’stechnologyisusedbyChinesepoliceinplaceslikesubwaystationsandairports.SimilartechnologyisusedbytheUnitedStatesAirForce.Huangpointedoutonebigweakness:itfailswhenpeoplewearbothamaskandsunglasses.“Inthissituation,allofthekeyfacialinformationislost,”LeisaidtoE&T.根据材料内容，选择最佳答案。19.Atpresent,whatcanfacial-recognitiontechnologybeusedfor?A.Takingphotos. B.Shuttingdoors. C.Payingforthings. D.Lockingsmartphones.20.Whichofthefollowingisapictureofamask?A. B. C. D.21.Whatistheproblemwiththistechnologyduringtheepidemic?A.Itdoesn’tworkwhenpeoplewearmasks. B.Itcausestroubletopeople’sfaces.C.Itbringspeopleheadachesallthetime. D.Itgivespersonalinformationtothebad.22.Whyareeyesthekeytosolvingrecognitionproblems?A.Becauseeyesnevergetold.B.Becauseeyeshavebrightcolors.C.Becausetheareaaroundoureyesdoesn’tchange.D.Becauseeyescanstorethepeople’skeyinformation.23.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A.Itisallabouteyes. B.Itisasafeway.C.Facialinformationisimportant. D.Facial-recognitionisarisk.6California’sSiliconValleyshapesourlives.Untilrecently,thatis.TheriseofTikTokhashittheheartofSiliconValley’ssupremacy(最高地位).AlongwithotherdigitalproductscomingoutofChina,TikTokhasthepossibilitytoreshapethefutureoftechnology.It’shardtooverstatejusthowmuchofaswitch(转变)thisis.AndChineseapps,platformsandservicescurrentlylookquitedifferentfromthoseintheWest.Already,thewayChinese-launchedappsinteractwithusers,andtheservicestheyofferwithintheapps,areinfluencingWesternplatforms.InChina,peopledoalotofecommerce(电子商务)andbusinessthroughtheirapps.Fromshoppingonlinetohailingtaxis,socializingwithfriendsandmeetingupwithstrangers,everythingyoucandowithinoneapp.Westerncompaniesaretakingnote.PlatformslikeFacebookhavebeguntobringvariousfeaturesandservicesunderasingleumbrella.AnotherwayinwhichChinesesocialmediaplatformsareinfluencingWesternonesisinhowtheypresentandfilter(过滤)information.FacebookandTwitterrecommendpostsbasedonwhatyourfriendsarepostingandsharingonyournewsfeed.TikTokandotherChineseappslikeittrytolearnasmuchasitcanaboutyou,andthendirectcontenttoyoutheythinkyou’lllike.UndertheChinesemodelofalgorithmic(算法的)explorationandrecommendation,usersarelessbeholden(有责任的)tothepersonalcontentcreatorstheyfollow.OnYouTube,bigpersonalitieshavebecomecelebritiesbecauseoftheirabilitytobuildaloyalfanbase(粉丝园).ButonTikTok,anyonecanbecomeastarovernightbecauseofasinglevideothatprovespopularwiththeapp’salgorithm.Thatfamecandisappearalmostasquicklywhenthenextbigvideoissurfacedthroughtheapp’scode.Givenhowpopularthatstrategyhasbeen,itcouldsignalabroaderchangeamongothersocialmediaplatforms,aswell.IfChinesecompaniescontinuetoplayanincreasinginfluentialroleintech,ouronlineworldcouldlookverydifferentby,say,2030.24.Thepassagemostprobablyappearsin________.A.atravelguide B.asciencemagazine C.aresearchreport D.aproductinstruction25.WhatistheFIRSTparagraphusedfor?A.TointroducethehistoryofCalifornia’sSiliconValley.B.ToexpresstheimportanceofChinesedigitalproducts.C.ToshowthedevelopmentofCalifornia’sSiliconValley.D.TodescribethedisadvantagesofChinesedigitalproducts.26.What’sthemainreasonforTikToktobebetterthanWesterndigitalproducts?A.ThebigmarketinChina. B.Itsloyaluserbases.C.Theadvancedalgorithmic. D.Itsdifferentfunctions.27.WhichmayNOTbethepossiblefutureoftechnology?A.Platformwouldmakecelebritieshavemoreloyalfans.B.Differentserviceswouldbeprovidedinonedigitalproduct.C.Peoplehavealargerpossibilityofbeingfamousonthoseplatforms.D.ThealgorithmicofTikTokwouldbewidelyappliedtofilterinformation.750yearsago,studentscouldlookupinformationinatextbookandbelieveittobetrue.Peoplestillhadtheirownopinionsandbiases（偏见）,buttheycouldn’tsoeasilybewellknowntothepublic,norspreadsowidely.Intoday’sworld,anybodycanpostanythingonline.Sowhenstudentshaveaquestion,aquickInternetsearchwillprovidethemwithmillionsofdifferentanswers.Andalsoinformationisbeingproducedandspreadfasterthanever.Butdostudentsreallyunderstandanythingtheyseeonline?Dotheyknowhowtotellwhat’strueandwhatisn’twhat’sthefactandwhat’stheopinion?Dotheyknowhowtocreatetheirownonlinethings?Iftheycandothesethings,thentheyare“digitallyliterate（有数字素养的）”.Teachingstudents“digitalliteracy”skillsisasimportantasthetraditionalskillsofliteracy（文学）—readingandwriting.In2017,thetheme（主题）forInternationalLiteracyDay,whichfellonSept.8,was“Literacyinadigitalworld”.In2022,thethemewas“Narrowingthedigitaldivide（缩小数字鸿沟）”,whichalsoshowedtheimportanceofdigitalskills.Whyaretheseskillsimportant?Readingandwritingteachpeoplehowtowatchtheworld.Learningdigitalskillsdoesthesamething.TheseskillscanhelppeoplestaycomfortableandfreeontheInternet,whichisimportantintheinformationage.Educationisthekeytothis,butonlyafewschoolsteachstudentshowtospotwhetherinformationisbiased.Schoolshavealargeresponsibilityinthismatter.Teacherscantellstudentssomewaystomakesurewhattheyreadistrue,suchascheckingwheretheinformationcomesfromandwhowritesit.Whileparentscanalsoplayaroleinhelpingtheirchildrennottobelieveeverythingtheyreadonline.28.Whatdidstudentsusetodowhentheyhadaquestion?A.Lookupatextbook. B.SearchtheInternet.C.Postsomethingonline. D.Createtheirownthings.29.Whatcandigitalskillsteachpeople?A.Howtoreadandwrite. B.Howtowatchtheworld.C.Howtocreateinformation. D.Howtostaycomfortableandfree.30.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spot”mean?A.Learn. B.Point. C.Separate. D.Find.31.Howdoesthewriterdevelopthethemeofthepassage?A.Bylistinghisideas. B.Bytellingstories.C.Bycomparinginformation. D.Byprovidinganswers.32.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.TheKeytoEducation B.TheTraditionalSkillsofLiteracyC.TheImportanceofDigitalLiteracy D.TheDevelopmentofDigitalLiteracy二、完形填空1Areyouhungry?Openanapp,placeyour___33___andwaitforyourfoodtobedelivered（送）toyourhome—thisis___34___manypeopleeatinChinathesedays.Accordingtothelatestdata,421millionChinesepeopleuseonlinefooddeliveryservices.That'sequaltohalfthetotalnumberofInternetusersinChina.Whichgroupofpeopleisorderingfoodonlinethe___35___?Unsurprising,it'smainly___36___people.Arecentreportshowedthat86.3percentoftheservice'susersarebetween20and34yearsold.___37___familiesdependgreatlyonfooddeliveryservices.AccordingtotheNationalBureauofStatistics(国家统计局),Chinesefamilieshavechangedin___38___overthepasttenyears.In2002,only7.7percentoffamiliesweresingle-personhouseholds.Butthisnumberincreasedto15.6percentin2017.Thepercentageoftwo-personfamiliesrosefrom18.4in2002to27.2in2017.Forthesefamilies,cookingrelatively(相对)takesmoretimeandresources.___39___orderingfoodonlinehasbecomemorepopular.TheimprovementofChina'sfooddeliveryserviceshasalsoattractedmorecustomers.AccordingtoMeituan'sreport,theaveragetimetakestomakeafooddelivery___40___from38minutesin2016to29minutesin2019.Manydeliveryplatformsarealsoofferingmoreservices,deliveringmealswithfruit,soup,medicineoreven___41___.Asitsservicescontinueto___42___,it'slikelythatthefooddeliveryindustrywillkeepgrowing.33.A.food B.order C.menu D.message34.A.why B.what C.which D.how35.A.least B.fewest C.most D.largest36.A.old B.young C.poor D.rich37.A.Small B.Big C.Traditional D.Modern38.A.shape B.kind C.age D.size39.A.And B.But C.So D.Because40.A.rose B.dropped C.increased D.turned41.A.rice B.noodle C.drinks D.flowers42.A.improve B.correct C.mend D.develop2根据短文内容，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个能填入相应空格内的最佳答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。Imagine—youarerunningtocatchatrain,onlytofindthatyouforgotyourIDcard!Youcannotgetonthetrain____43____it.Don’tworry.Inthenearfuture,youwilljustneedadigital(数字的)IDonyoursmartphone.Recently,Chinesegovernmentsaytheywillintroduceadigitalversion(版本)ofthenationalIDcardsthisyear.Oneofitspurposesistobettermeetthebasicliving____44____ofmorethan100millionpeoplewholiveawayfromtheirhometowns.Thesepeoplehavetogotoschoolorworkatdifferentplaces.Sometimesinordertoprove(证明)that“Iam____45____Iam”,theyhavetorunbackhometogettheirIDinformation.It____46____time,moneyandmanpower.ButDigitalIDcardscanallowpeopletogettheirpersonalinformationthrougha____47____scan(扫描)withasmartphone.Thisway,____48____willbedoneinjustseveralsecondsandpeoplecangetalotofconvenience(便利).Meanwhile,thegovernmentwillthinkaboutpeoplewhodonotusesmartphones,especiallyoldpeople.Theyaretryingtocomeupwithsomewaystohelpthem.Also,people’spersonalinformationwillbeprotected____49____theydon’tneedtoworrythatothersgettheirpersonalinformation.Infact,ChinastartedtheearlytryofdigitalIDsin2018.Itallowedpeople____50____Quzhou,HangzhouandFuzhoutogetthemonAlipay.DigitalIDscouldbe____51____usedtoopenbankaccounts,checkintohotelsandbuyhigh-speedrailwayticketsandsoon.China’sfirstIDcard_____52_____in1984.ThepresentIDcardisthesecond-generationversion.Withthedevelopmentofscience,webelievemoreandmorenewtechnologieswillappearinlife.43.A.with B.without C.by D.through44.A.needs B.habits C.skills D.hobbies45.A.how B.where C.what D.who46.A.saves B.changes C.wastes D.gives47.A.simple B.easy C.useful D.difficult48.A.everybody B.nobody C.everything D.nothing49.A.because B.so C.although D.but50.A.to B.on C.for D.in51.A.hardly B.carefully C.widely D.clearly52.A.cameout B.gaveout C.lookedout D.putout三、短文首字母填空根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。Howdoweknowthetime?Aclock,awatchoracellphonecanhelpus.However,manyyearsagotherewerenoclocksandknowingthetimewasnotsoeasy.Overthecenturies,peoplehavedevelopeddifferentw____53____oftellingthetime.About5,500yearsago,theEgyptiansi____54____thesunclock.Thiswasatallstonestructure.Itsshadow（影子）showedthemovementofthes____55____.Theywereabletodetermine（测定）midday.About3,500yearsago,theEgyptiansmadeasundial.Itwassmallerthanthesunclockandcouldmeasure（测量）thetimeforhalfaday.Onc____56____daysoratnightitwasimpossibletotellthetimewithasunclockorasundial.Waterclockswerethef____57____clocksnottousethesun.Theideaissimple.Waterflows（流动）fromonecontainer（容器）toa____58____.Whenthewaterreachesacertainlevel,itmovesalever（控制杆）andthisshowsthehours.TheseEgyptiansusedwaterclocksabout3,400yearsago.TheseclockswerepopularintheMiddleEastandChinabuttheyf____59____tokeepaccurate（精确的）time.Inthe13thcentury,themechanicalclockwasinvented.Thiswasmoreaccurate,b____60____itwasexpensivetomake.Overthenextfewcenturiesitwasdeveloped.Forexample,springs（发条）wereaddedaround1500.Thisi____61____accuracyandallowedclockstobesmaller.In1927,thefirstquartzclockwasdeveloped.Clocksbecamecheapertobuildandown.Peoplebegandependingonthemmoreandmoretorunbusinesses,marketsandsoon.Morerecently,in1956,camethedigitalclock.Andnowadayssatellites（人造卫星）sendourcellphonesthetimetotheexactsecond.Therehasbeenalotofprogressintimekeepingbutsomethingsneverc_______62_______.Manyofusstillhavetroublegettingoutofbedontimeandnotmissingappointment.四、书面表达63.现在科学技术日新月异，各种发明以及高科技产品成为了我们生活中不可缺少的东西，如电脑、笔记本电脑（laptop）、手机（mobilephone）、MP4、数码相机（digitalcamera）、iPad等。请以“MyFavouriteInvention”为题描述你最喜欢的一种发明，并说明理由（理由至少有两个方面）。词数在80词左右。MyFavouriteInvention____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案一、阅读理解1【答案】1.B

2.D

3.A

4.D【解析】本文介绍了中国数字化的发展，数字化给中国人民的生活带来非常大的便利，中国也在促进5G通信技术的发展。1.细节理解题。根据“Peopletakelesscash(现金)withthembecausemostofthestoresandhotelsacceptWeChatPayandAlipay.”可知，由于大多数商店和酒店接受微信支付和支付宝支付，所以人们随身携带的现金较少了。由此说明用手机在线支付更方便。故选B。2.推理判断题。根据“Youcanshop,travel,communicate,havefunbyusingamobilephone,andallofthesetaskscanbecompletedwithafewfingertaps.”可知，你可以利用手机购物，旅行，交流，娱乐，所有的活动只需用手指点击几下。文中没有提到利用手机能做饭。故选D。3.细节理解题。根据“Mobileratesfordomesticroaming(国内漫游)andlongdistancecallswouldb