人教版八年级上册英语Unit4知识点梳理及语法讲义（学生版）

八年级上册英语Unit4知识点与语法精讲精练词汇梳理词汇梳理（一）完成单词梳理：名词：1.戏院；剧场2.座位；坐处3.银幕；屏幕4.票；入场券5.歌；歌曲6.记者7.接待；服务8.菜单9.表演者；演员10.天资；天赋11.魔术师12.作用；职能；角色13.获胜者；优胜者14.奖；奖品；奖金15.早（或午、晚）餐；一餐所吃的食物16.实例；范例动词：1.选择；挑选2.提供；给副词：1.便宜地；低廉地2.细致地；小心地；谨慎地3.舒服地；舒适地4.美好地；漂亮地5.严肃地；严重地；认真地代词：1.每人；人人；所有人形容词：1.使人舒服的；舒适的2.（在空间、时间上）接近3.新鲜的；清新的4.有创造力的；创造性的5.贫穷的；清贫的6.人多的；拥挤的；挤满的兼类词：1.（adj/adv）（bad和badly的最高级）最差（的）；最坏（的）；最糟（的）2.（adj/adv）（bad和badly的比较级）更差（的）；更坏（的）；更糟（的）3.（adv）相当；十分；很（adj）漂亮的4.（v）扮演（n）表演者(二)词汇变形小结：1.fortable(adj.使人舒服的)—(adv.舒适地)—(反义词：不舒服的)—(反义词：不舒服地)2.bad/badly(adj/adv.糟糕的；糟糕地)—(比较级)—(最高级)3.cheaply(adv.便宜地)—(adj.便宜的)4.choose(v.选择)—(过去式)—(n.选择)5.carefully(adv.小心地)—(adj.小心的)—(反义词：粗心地)—(反义词：粗心的)6.report(v.报告)—(n.记者)7.act(v.扮演)—(n.演员)—(n.动作；行动)8.creative(adj.有创造力的)—(v.创造)9.talent(n.天资；天赋)—(adj.有才能的)10.magician(n.魔术师)—(adj/n.有魔力的；魔术)11.beautifully(adv.漂亮地)—(adj.漂亮的)12.winner(n.获胜者)—(v.赢；赢得)13.service(n.接待；服务)—(v.服务；接待)14.performer(n.表演者；演员)—(v.表演)15.seriously(adv.严重地)—(adj.严肃的)16.give(v.提供；给)—(过去式)【练一练】用所给词的适当形式填空Let’sgotoDanny’s.Thefoodthereis___________(cheap)intown.IlikethemovietheaterMoviePalacebestbecauseIcansit____________(fortable).TheradiostationOldies102.1FMisprettybad.It’s____________(bad)thanAllTalk970AM.Hisbrotherisa____________(report).It’stimeforclass.Thestudentsshouldtaketheir____________(seat).Herfriendwantstobea_____________(perform)whenshegrowsup.IthinkLiuQianisthemostexciting_____________(magic).YoumusttakethisEnglishtest_____________(serious).The____________(win)isan8yearoldgirlinthedancingpetition.Whocansingsongsthemost_____________(beautiful)inyourfamily?(三)短语攻关：离……近 到目前为止 没问题 才艺表演 世界各地 寻找 各种各样的 有相同特征是……的职责；由……决定发挥作用；有影响 编造（故事、谎言等） 例如 认真对待…… 实现 因……而感谢 幸亏；多亏知识点梳理知识点梳理1.Thanksfortellingme.谢谢你告诉我。【易混辨析】thanksfor与thankstothanksfor因……而感谢thanks相当于thankyou，for后接名词、代词或动词ingThanksforlendingmeyourumbrella.谢谢你借给我雨伞。thanksto幸亏；多亏thanks不可以改为thankyou，to后接感谢的对象Thankstothedoctor,Iamwellagain.多亏这位医生，我的身体康复了。【即学即用】Thanksfor(invite)metoyourbirthdayparty.2.Noproblem.不客气。【用法详解】noproblem相当于“you’rewele”或“notatall”，意为“不客气”，此时常用来回应别人的感谢。Eg.—Thankyouforyourhelp.感谢你的帮助。—Noproblem.不客气。【拓展延伸】noproblem还可表示乐于相助或事情容易做，意为“没问题；小事一桩”。Eg.—Couldyouhelpmewithmymath?你能帮我学习数学吗？—Noproblem.没问题。—Canyoumakeakitebyyourself?你能自己制作一个风筝吗？—Noproblem.没问题。【即学即用】—Tom,thanksfortellingmethewaytothelibrary.—.OfcourseB.NotreallyC.GoodideaD.Noproblem3.—Howfarisitfromyourhome?它离你家有多远？—10minutesbybus.坐公共汽车10分钟。【用法详解】重点：“HowfarisitfromAtoB?”意为“从A到B有多远？”，常用来提问距离或路程。ItIt’s+具体距离It’s+基数词+minutes’(minute’s)/hours’(hour’s)...+ride/walk/driveIt’s+时长+交通方式常用的回答方式有：Eg.—Howfarisitfromyourhometoschool?从你家到学校有多远？—It’s3kilometers.3千米。—It’s15minutes’ride.骑车15分钟。—It’s15minutesbybike.骑车15分钟。【即学即用】1.—isitfromLanzhoutoLhasa?—It’sabout2,160kilometers.A.Howoften B.Howfar C.Howlong D.Howmany2.—_________isitfromHaikoutoSanya?—It'saboutthreehours'drive.A.Howsoon B.Howlong C.HowfarD.Howmuch3.—________canyoufinishthisEnglishexamination?—Inaboutoneandahalfhours.A.Howfar B.Howoften C.Howsoon D.Howlong4.It’salwaysinterestingtowatchotherpeopleshowtheirtalents.看别人展示他们的才艺总是很有意思。【用法详解】看到某人做某事【易混辨析】watchabdosth与watchsbdoingsthwatchsbdosth“看到某人做某事”强调看到某人动作经常发生或看到某人做某事的全过程Iwatchedhimgo,andthenIwenthome.我看到他离去，然后我回了家。watchsbdoingsth“看到某人正在做某事”强调看到某个动作正在进行IwatchedhimplayingfootballasIpassedby.我路过的时候看见他正在踢足球。5.Talentshowsaregettingmreandmorepopular.才艺表演正变得越来越流行。【用法详解】（1）此处get作系动词，意为“变得”，后接形容词作表语。与get用法类似的词还有bee,go等。（2）“moreandmore+形容词/副词原级”表示“”，此处的形容词/副词指的是多音节或部分双音节词。单音节或部分双音节形容词或副词表示“越来越……”时，用“”结构。Eg.EnglishisbeingmoreandmorepopularinChina.在中国英语正变得越来越流行。Ourcountryisgettingstrongerandstronger.我们的国家正变得越来越强大。【拓展延伸】“moreandmore+名词”表示“越来越多的……”Eg.MoreandmoreforeignersetovisittheGreatWall.越来越多的外国人来参观长城。【即学即用】1.Farmersarebeing__________inourhometown.A.moreandmorerich B.richerandricher C.morerichandmorerich D.richandrich2.Don’tworry.Yourmotherwillget____________.A.wellandwell B.betterandbetter C.wellandbetter D.goodandwell6.Whenpeoplewatchtheshow,theyusuallyplayaroleindecidingthewinner.当人们看这样的节目时，通常承担着决定优胜者的角色。【用法详解】（1）playarole为固定短语，role作名词，意为“作用；职能；角色”，playarolein...意为“在某事或某方面起到作用/承担某个角色”，in后接名词、代词或动词ing形式。Eg.Everyoneshouldplayaroleintheenvironmentalprotection.每个人都应该在环保方面发挥作用。（2）winner作名词，意为“获胜者；优胜者”，其动词形式为，“赢；赢得”。Eg.LiMingwasthewinnerofthepetition.Hewonthetennismatch.李明是比赛的胜利者，他赢得了网球比赛。【注意】如果间接宾语和直接宾语都是代词【注意】如果间接宾语和直接宾语都是代词，只能用givesth.teg.Thebabylikesthetoy.Pleasegiveittohim.这个小宝宝喜欢这个玩具，请把玩具给他。【用法详解】give作动词，其过去式为，give后可接双宾语，即givesbsth=givesthtosb“给某人某物”（sb.为间接宾语，sth.为直接宾语）Eg.Couldyougivemesomewater?=Couldyougivewatertome?你能给我一些水吗?etrue为不及物动词短语，意为“”，其主语往往是表示梦想、愿望、目标等的词sth.e(s)truesth.e(s)true……实现了Weshouldstudyhardtomakeourdream.A.eoverB.ebackC.etrueD.eup课堂小测一、单项选择’sGotTalentisbeing__________.A.moreandmorecreative B.creativerandcreativerC.morecreativeandmorecreative D.mostcreativeandmostcreative2.Allthesetalentshowshaveonething__________mon.A.on B.in C.at D.for3.Inthesupermarketpeoplecanbuyeverything________,somanypeoplegoshoppingthereeverydaytosavesomemoney.4.Toavoid（避免）makingmistakes,pleasereadthequestions_________beforeyouanswerthem.5.Ioftenliketowatchmygrandfather__________chess.A.playsB.playingC.toplayD.play6.—WouldyoulikesomeIndianfoodorChinesefood?—________It’sallthesametome.A.Ihopeso. B.I'msure. ’suptoyou. ’mafraidnot.7.ShenHui__________ushistalentinthetalent__________yesterday.A.show;show B.showed;showC.shows;shows D.showed;showed8.Theteacheraskedthestudentsto__________astoryaboutatriptothemoon.A.giveup B.turnup C.cutup D.makeup’sillness（疾病）isvery__________.Youmusttakehisillness__________.A.serious;seriouslyB.serious;serious C.seriously;seriously D.seriously;serious10.Thecustomersarepleasedwiththe__________oftherestaurant.11.—__________isDreamClothesStorefromyourhouse?—It’s10minutesbybus.A.Howlong B.Howsoon C.Howfar D.Howmany12.—How__________yoursofafeels!—Isitlikeasoftbed?Ioftenlieonitforashortbreakatnoon.13.Ourteamleaderplayedanimportantrole__________thesoccergame.A.inwinning B.towin C.bywinning D.atwinning14.—Alex,whatdoyouthinkoftheshowNationalTreasure（《国家宝藏》）?—___________.Iliketowatchit.HaveagooddayB.It’sgreat C.Thatwillbeverynice D.I’mafraidIhavenotime15.Maryhelpedmebuyaticket.She___________anhourago.A.gaveittome B.givesmeit C.givesitme D.gavemetoit二、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Mikeisa(talent)soccerplayer.2.Youcanbuyoldbikesquite(cheap)inthestore.3.The___________(magic)actedverywell,thoughhewasinpoorhealthyesterday.4.Youwillknowthe___________(win)ofthepetitionthisafternoon.5.It'sraining.Youmustdrive___________(careful).6.Youshouldtakethebasketballgame___________(serious).7.IlikethemovietheaterswithbigscreensandIcansit___________(fortable),too.8.Wouldyouliketogotothemovieswithme?Ihavetwo___________(ticket).9.Myfriends___________(give)measurpriseatmybirthdaypartylastweek.10.Therearedifferent___________(kind)ofbooksinthereadingroomatschool.三、汉译英：单词/短语1.我觉得汤姆和保罗没有任何相同之处。Idon'tthinkTomandPaul_________anything__________________.2.上周我们班许多男孩子，例如马克和戴尔，经常看足球比赛。Lastweeklotsofboysinourclass,__________________,MarkandDaleoftenwatchedsoccergames.3.到现在为止我有五个好朋友。__________________Ihavegotfivegoodfriends.4.你可以待在家里或者去参加聚会，由你来决定吧。Youcanstayathomeorgototheparty.It___________________________you.5.智能在我们的日常生活中起着很重要的作用。Smartphones_________averyimportant__________________ourdailylife.6.我们的国家正变得越来越美丽。Ourcountryisbeing____________________________________.7.在我的空闲时间，我喜欢看各种各样的电影。Ienjoywatching___________________________moviesinmyfreetime.四、完形填空Doallofushaveatalent?Orisitpossible(可能的)thatsomeonehasnotalent?Everyoneislookingfortheirtalent.1wantstobetalentedbecauseitcanmakethemfeelgreat.Moreoftenpeople2theyaregoodatsomethings,butnottalentedinthem.3youareoneofthosepeople,justdevelopthethingsyou'regoodatintoyourtalents.Ifyouhaveno4ofwhatyouaregoodat,youshould5newthings,suchastakingsomespecialclasses,doingsomethingnew6afriend,etc.Afteryoutry,youmayfindyourself7cooking,drawing,writingorplayingsports.Youmay8findthatyou'renotonlygoodatonething.Thendevelopthesethingsyou'regoodatintoyour9.Soeveryonehasatalentandit'simpossiblethatsomeonehasnotalent.Butthereisonethingto10—talentsdon'tetoyou;youfindthem.（）1.A.SomebodyB.AnybodyC.Everybody D.Nobody（）2.A.think B.make C.decide D.wonder（）3.A.And B.Though C.Because D.If（）4.A.plan B.story C.problem D.idea（）5.A.find B.try C.expect D.love（）6.A.as B.with C.about D.for（）7.A.boredwithB.famousforC.goodat D.afraidof（）8.A.even B.always C.only D.again（）9.A.activities B.differencesC.hopes D.talents（）10.A.ask B.touch C.remember D.do语法精讲语法精讲形容词和副词的最高级一、语法概述形容词、副词的最高级用于三个或三个以上的人或事物之间的比较；常用of/in来说明比较的范围；形容词和副词前要加定冠词，副词最高级前的the有时可省略。二、比较级的构成单音节和部分双音节词一般在词尾加esttall→high→以字母e结尾的词加stfine→nice→重读闭音节词词尾只有一个辅音字母时（辅元辅），先双写该辅音字母，再加est口诀：“大红胖瘦适合湿热”（biggest,reddest,fattest,thinnest,fittest,wettest,hottest）以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，变y为i再加esteasy→funny→多音节和部分双音节词在词前加mostfortable→carefully→【特别提醒】由“动词+ed”或“动词+ing”构成的形容词变最高级时，通常在该形容词前加most→mostinterestingrelaxed→mostrelaxedboring→mostboringgood/wellgood/well（好的）→__________（最好的）bad/badly/ill（糟糕的）→__________（最糟糕的）many/much（多的）→__________（最多的）little（少的）→__________（最少的）old（老的）→__________/__________（最老的）far（远的）→__________/__________（最远的）【即学即用】写出下列单词的最高级形式big→__________2.small→__________3.heavy→__________ fine→__________5.cheap→__________6.happy→__________close→__________8.fresh→__________9.fortable→__________creative→__________11.bad→__________12.carefully→__________13.good/well→___________14.many/much→__________15.fat→__________ 三、最高级的常用句型1.主语+be+the+形容词最高级+in/of短语意为“……是……中最……的”主语+实义动词（+the）+副词最高级+in/of短语意为“……在……中最……”Eg.Mymotheristhebusiestoneinmyfamily.妈妈是我家最忙碌的人。Tomworks(the)hardestinClass3.在3班汤姆学习最努力。2.“主语+be+oneofthe+形容词最高级+可数名词复数+in/of短语”，意为“...是...中最...的...之一”（重点）Eg.TheHighSpeedRailisoneofthenewestinventionsinChina.高铁是中国最新的发明之一。3.“疑问词+be+the+形容词最高级，A、BorC?”，用于三个或三个以上的人或事物之间的比较“疑问词+助动词+主语+动词原形（+the）+副词最高级，A、BorC?”Eg.Whoisthetallest,Tom,KateorBill?汤姆、凯特和比尔，谁最高？Whichcitydoyoulikebest,Beijing,ShanghaiorGuangzhou?你最喜欢哪个城市，北京、上海还是广州？4.“主语+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+可数名词单数+in/of短语”，意为“……在……中是第几……的……”Eg.TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黄河是中国第二长河。【即学即用】1.Fishingisoneof________activitiesamongthemiddle—agedmenlikemyuncles. B.morepopular C.mostpopular D.themostpopular2.Amyhasreadmanyhistorybooks,soshelearnshistory________ofallthesubjects.语法小测一、单项选择1.Ofthethreepens,theboychose________one.A.lessexpensive B.themostexpensive C.thelessexpensive D.moreexpensive2.—IthinkMoonTheaterhas________seatsinmytown.—Iagreewithyou.Iusuallygotherewithmyfriends.A.morefortable B.worseC.themostfortable D.theworst3.Stayingwithfamilyandfriendsisoneof________thingsintheworld.A.thehappiest B.happier C.thehappy D.happiest4.—DidCindywinthefirstprizeinthelongjump?—Yes.Shejumped_______ofalltheplayers. C.thefarther D.thefarthest5.Whichis________waytotravel,byplane,bytrainorbybus?A.lessexpensiveB.morecheaper6.YangtzeRiveris________longestriverintheworld.ItrunsacrossChinafromthewesttotheeast.A.thethird C.thethree 7.IliketheBigScreenplexbecauseithas________screen.A.bigger B.theworst C.thebiggest D.worstdoyouthinkis________,Mary,JimorWangLin?A.moretalented B.talenteder C.themosttalented D.talentedest9.Xi’anisoneof________capital________inChina.A.older;city B.theolder;cityC.oldest;cities D.theoldest;cities10.—Ofthetwoshirts,whichonedidMombuy?—Sheboughtthe________onebecauseshecouldsavesomemoneyforacap.A.cheapest B.cheaper C.moreexpensive D.mostexpensive二、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Ithinkoneofthe(easy)waystomakeyoustrongistoexercisemore.2.Heisthe(bad)studentinhisclass.3.MostofthestudentsthinkHuangBoisoneofthe

(popular)moviestarsinChinanow.4.Whoisthe(thin),Amy,AliceorAnn?5.Sometimeswalkingis(fast)thandrivingduringthebusytraffic(交通)time.三、词语运用阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。方框中有两个词是多余的。talentseriouspopularprizemonmagicianfortablewatchkinddecidewinnercreativeNowtherearemany1showsattheTVstation,andtheyaregettingmoreandmore2inourlives.Andtheshowshavesomethingin3.Theytrytolookforthebestsingers,thetalenteddancers,themostexciting4andsoon.All5ofpeoplecantakepartintheshows,includingteachers,doctors,workersandfarmers.That’suptoyoutodecide.Andeveryonecanplayarolein6the