2024年高考英语复习跳出题海自然环保（模拟篇）（原卷版）第一辑

优点英语英语教材·单元主题语境专题训练自然环保—模拟篇（原卷版）【湖南省大联考雅礼十六校2022届高三第一次联考】Earth'slongestartificialstructureisusuallysaidtobetheGreatWallofChinawhilethesecond-longestisnotawall,butafence.Itstretchesfor5,614kmacrosseasternAustraliaandisintendedtostopthecountry'swilddogs,thedingoes,fromhuntingsheep.Australia'sdingofencedoesnotstandalone.Millionsofkilometresoffenceswraptheworld.Someareintendedtolimitthemovementofanimals,somethemovementofpeople,andsomemerelytomarkthetheboundary.Untilrecently,dataontheeffectsoffencesonwildlifehavebeeninadequate.ThathaschangedwiththepublicationofareportbyprofessorAlexMcInturff.Onediscoveryhehasmadeisthatmorethanhalfofpublishedfenceresearchfocusesonjustfivecountries-America,Australia,Botswana,ChinaandSouthAfrica.Asecondisthatonlyathirdofthesestudiesexaminedtheimpactoffencesonanythingotherthanthetargetspeciesinvolved,meaningtheanimalspurposelyintendedtobekeptinorout.Non-targetspecies,however,areoftenthosethathavetheirfortunesmostgreatlyreshapedbytheappearanceofpolesandwire.Australianfencesintendedtokeepoutdingoesarealsobarrierstolong-neckedturtles,whichtravelgreatdistancesoverlandwhenmovingbetweennestingsites.InBotswanafencesbuilttosparecattlefromwildlife-bornediseaseresultinseriousinterferencewithwildebeest(角马)migrations.Noteverycreaturefaresbadly.Hawks(鹰)inMontanagladlysitonnewlybuiltlivestockfencestohuntsmallanimals,whilefence-basedspidersinSouthAfricaoutperformtheirtree-basedcousinswhenitcomestocatchinginsects.Often,though,thewinnersarecreaturesthatcausetroubleforexistingecosystems.KeepingdingoesoutoflargepartsofAustraliahasallowedaggressiveredfoxestomultiply.Nativerodents(啮齿类动物)havesufferedasaresult.Somehavebeenbroughttotheedgeofextinction.1.Whichisapurposeofbuildingfences?A.Toexpandtheboundaryofacountry.B.Toprotectlivestocklikesheepandcattle.C.Tostopwildanimalsfrombeinghunted.D.Tohelppeoplemovearoundfreely.2.Whatcanwelearnaboutthestudiesonfences?A.Dataontheimpactoffenceshavebeenproved.B.Previousresearcheswerecompleteandsystematic.C.Abouttwo-thirdsofthestudiesfocusonthetargetanimals.D.Notallstudiesexaminedtheeffectoffencesonwildlife.3.Whichanimalsunexpectedlybenefitfromfences?A.CattleinBotswana.B.WildebeestinBotswana.C.RedfoxesinAustralia.D.NativerodentsinAustralia.【2022届湖南省高三普通高中名校联考信息卷（一）】Withover4.1billionpeople,oraround55percentoftheworld’spopulation,livinginurbanareas,citiesandtownsworldwidearegettingincreasinglycongested.Inadditiontospendingmanyhoursstuckintraffic,residentsarealsoexposedtohighairpollutionlevelscausedbytransportationemissions.Now,SaudiArabiahopestorevolutionizeurbanlivingwith“TheLine”—acitydesignedaroundnature,withoutcarsandroads!“TheLine”isdesignedbySaudiCrownPrinceMohammedbinSalman(MBS).LocatedinNEOM—a10,000-square-milehigh-techplanneddevelopmentontheRedSeacoastinthenorthwesternSaudiprovinceofTabu—TheLinewillbethecornerstoneofMBSsSaudiVision2030.TheplanaimstodiversifySaudiArabia’soil-dependenteconomyintoothersectors,liketourism,andcreateexcitingjobopportunitiesforitscitizens.The105-mile-longcity,expectedtocostbetween$100billionand$200billion,willbebuiltalongastraightlineandismadeupofseveralself-sustainingcommunities.Toensureallservicesarewithinashort,five-minutewalk,eachcommunitywillfeatureathree-layerinfrastructure(基础设施).Thetop“pedestrianlayer”willbevoidofcarsandroads,allowingresidentstofreelywalkandbikeinthesurroundinggreenspaces.Thesecond“servicelayer”,willincludeallessentialdailyservices,suchasschools,leisurefacilitiesandgrocerystores.Thethird“spinelayer”willhousehigh-speedsubwayandautonomousvehiclescapableoftransportingresidentsacrosscommunitiesinlessthan20minutes.Theentirecitywillbepoweredwithrenewablecleanenergysourcessuchassolarandwind,andpossiblyevenhydrogen.Ifallgoesaccordingtoplantconstructionofthiscomplexprojectwillstartbeforethe1stquarterof2021.Inadditiontoprovidinguptoamillionresidentswithacleanandstress-freelivingenvironment,TheLineisexpectedtocreate380,000newjobs,starteconomicdiversification,andcontributeanastounding$48billiontoSaudiArabia’sGrossDomesticProduct(GDP)by2030.Moreimportantly,MBSbelievesitwillprovidegovernmentsworldwidea“blueprintforhowpeopleandplanetcanco-existinharmony.”1.Wecaninferthat“TheLine”willbe_________.A.temporary B.primitive C.eco-friendly D.conventional2.WhatisTheLinemeanttoresultin?A.Lowcrimerates. B.Highunemployment.C.Supercommunities. D.Diverseeconomicsectors.3.Whatcanbefoundonthesecondlayer?A.Medicalclinics. B.Busstops.C.Undergroundtrains. D.Cyclinglanes.4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?A.SaudiArabiaHasCreatedAGreenCityWithNoCarsOrStreetsB.“TheLine”WillBeTheCornerstoneOfMBS'sSaudiVision2030C.“TheLine”—BlueprintOfPeopleAndAnimalsCo-existingInHarmonyD.SaudiArabiaAnnounces“TheLine”—ALowCarbonCityWithoutCars【江苏省镇江市、南通市（通州区、启东市）2021~2022学年高三上学期期末质量监测，D】Humanisstrugglingtocontaintwomajorcrises:Skyrocketingglobaltemperaturesanddeep-divingbiodiversity(生物多样性).Butpeopletendtosolveeachproblemonitsown,forinstancebyusinggreenenergiesandcarbon-eatingmachines,whilesurroundingecosystemstopreservethem.Butanewreportarguesthattreatingeachcrisisinisolation(孤立地)meansmissingoutonsolutionsthatresolveboth.Humancan'tsolveonewithoutalsosolvingtheother.Sowhatmightthesesolutionslooklike?Say,forinstance,youturnaheavilyloggedforestintoanationalpark.Asthetreesgrowback,theywouldprovidehabitatforthereturnofanimals.Lettingaforestcomebacknaturally,ratherthanplantingasinglespeciesoftreetobalanceupsomecorporation'scarbonemissions(排放),makesitrecoverfaster.Thisisknownasanature-basedsolution,acampaignthatbothabsorbcarbonandprovidesanextraecologicaloreconomicbenefit.Stoppinghuman'sattacksonecosystemscanalsohelpfightclimatechange,thestudy'sauthorswrite.Evencitiescangetinontheaction,thereportnotes.Urbanareasturninto"heatislands"becausetheyabsorbthesun'senergyduringthedayandslowlyreleaseitatnight.Theyarethereforemuchhotterthansurroundingruralareas.Plantingmoretreescoolscitiesandprovideshabitatsforbirdsandshadeforhumans,whichwillbeevenmorecriticalasglobaltemperaturesrise.Thebigthreat,theauthorsstress,isthatnature-basedsolutionsalonecan'tstopclimatechange.Astemperaturesclimbanddroughtsgetmoresevere,it'llbeharderforforests,wetlands,andmangrovestosurvive,evenwithourhelp.Firstandforemost,humanhastodramaticallyreduceitsgreenhousegasemissions.“Natureisnotgoingtosaveus.”theauthorssay.“Wecanonlyusenaturetosupportefforts.”“Still,governmentsandcorporationsarebecomingmoreconsciousoftheimportanceofmaintainingbiodiversitywhilealsofightingclimatechange,”saysBeymer-Farris,fromtheUniversityofKentucky.“Imyself,asaprofessorwhohasbeenworkinginthisfor20years,Iseealotofhope,becauseIseealotofchangeonthehorizon.”1.Howshouldpeopledealwiththetwocrises?A.Byusingcarbon-eatingmachines.B.Bygivingprioritytooneofthem.C.Bytacklingtheminthemeanwhile.D.Byestablishingmorenaturereserves.2.Whatisthemosteffectivewaytostopclimatechangeaccordingtotheauthor?A.Plantmoretreesinurbanareas.B.Adoptnature-basedsolutions.C.Sendoutlessgreenhousegas.D.Providehabitatsforanimals.3.WhatisBeymer-Farris'sattitudetothefutureoftheecology?A.Optimistic. B.Doubtful. C.Critical. D.Concerned.4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhywecareaboutclimatechangeB.HowtoliveinharmonywithnatureC.Whyurbanareasbecome“heatislands”D.Howtoprotectspeciesandsavetheplanet【2022届山东省菏泽市高三一模，D】Aroundoneheartattackin50inrichEuropeancountriesiscausedbylongexposuretoloudtraffic,accordingtotheWorldHealthOrganization.Theill-effectsofnoisepollutioninsuchcountriesaresecondonlytothosefromdirtyair.Long-termexposurecancausehormonal(荷尔蒙的)imbalancesaswellasmental-healthproblems.Roadsidebarrierscanhelpdecreasethenoise,buttheyareexpensive—upto$600,000perkilometer.Besides,theyworklesswellonwindydaysandareimpracticalalongcitystreets.Happily,thereisanotheroption.Byaddingrubberpowders,recycledfromusedtyres,tothebitumen(沥青)andbrokenstonesusedtomakeasphalt(柏油路),engineersaredesigningquieterstreets.Firstusedexperimentallyinthe1960s,thisrubberized,softerasphaltcutstrafficnoisebyaround25%.Evenbetter,italsolastslongerthanthenormalsort.Notsurprisingly,rubberizedasphaltiscatchingon.Rubberizedasphaltkeepsthenoisedowninacoupleofways.Gapsbetweenthestonesinstandardasphaltmustbesmall,becauseiftheyaretoobigthebitumenbinding(粘合剂)cannotdoitsjobproperly.Addingrubberthickensthebitumen.Thatallowsbiggergaps,whichhelptotrapandspreadsoundwaves.Therubberizedbitumenitselfisflexible,whichenablesittoabsorbmoreunwantedsoundenergy.Bitumenismadefromoil,whichmeansitspricehasrisenoverthepastdecadealongsidethatoftheoil.Thrown-awaytyres,bycontrast,arecheapandarelikelytogetcheaper.NowadaysenoughtyresarerecycledinAmericaeachyeartoproduce20,000milesofthestuff,enoughtorebuildabout0.5%ofAmerica'sroads.RubberroadsarealsopopularinChina,Brazil,SpainandGermany.Theirpopularitycouldspreadfurther,sinceitisnowpossibletomakerubberizedasphaltlessexpensivelythanthetraditionalsort.1.Whatdothefirsttwoparagraphsmainlytalkaboutconcerningnoisepollution?A.Itdoesmoreharmthanairpollution.B.Itbecomesthemaincauseofheartattack.C.Itmaycausehealthproblemsinthelongrun.D.Itcanbegotridofbyputtinguproadsidebarriers.2.Howdoestherubberworkwhenaddedtothebitumentoreducenoise?A.Byabsorbingsoundenergy. B.Byallowingbiggergapsinthebitumen.C.Byholdingthebrokenstonestogether. D.Bytrappingandspreadingsoundwaves.3.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetorubberizedasphalt?A.Favorable. B.Objective. C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.4.Whatisonereasonwhytherubberroadisgettingpopularworldwide?A.Ithasagoodrecycling. B.Ithasalowercost.C.Ithasahighstandard. D.Ithasanunwantedflexibility.【广东省汕头市2022届普通高考第一次模拟，D】Comparedwiththeobviousenvironmentalissueswehearabouteveryday,litteringoftentakesabackseat-butit’smorepressingthanwemaythink.Somemaysaythatabananapeeloutofyourcaralongthemotorwaywouldbeaharmlessaction.Actually,theyarewrong.Abananapeelcantakeuptotwoyearstodecompose(分解),andwithathirdofmotoristsadmittingtolitteringwhiledriving,that’sawholelotofdiscardedbananapeels,ormuchworse.Anorangepeelandacigarettebutthasasimilarbiodegrading(生物降解)termtothatofabanana,buttinandaluminiumcanslastupto100years,andplasticbottleslastforever,sodoglassbottlesandplasticbags.Despitethefactthatlonger-lastingmaterialswillservetodamagetheenvironmentanditsanimalsforlonger,wecan’tonlymeasuretheseverityofacertaintypeofrubbishbyitslifetime.Forexample,despitehavingafairlyshortbiodegradingspan,morethan120tonsofcigarette-relatedlitteristhrownawayintheUKeveryday.Similarly,ourregularlitteringhereandtherehascausedtheUK’smousepopulationtoincreaseby60million.Thissuddenlyisn’tsomysteriouswhenyouconsiderthatsincethe1960sourannuallitteringhasincreasedbyanamazing500percent.It’snotacheaphabiteither:UKtaxpayersspentf500milliononkeepingthestreetsclean.So,it’snotsurprisingthatifcaughtfly-tipping,youcouldfacea￡20,000fine.Regardlessofhowseverethepunishmentmightseem,however,amongthereportedcasesonly2,000werepunishedoutof825,000,sowestillhavesomewaytogoinmakingsurepeopleobservetherules.Totakebackourbeautifulcities,weneedtodomorethansimplynotleavingrubbishwhereitoughtnottobe.Weneedtocaremoreabouttheworldaroundus.1.Whichofthefollowingiseasiesttodecomposecomparatively?A.Anorangepeel. B.Aplasticbag.C.Analuminiumcan. D.Aglassbottle.2.WhatcanweknowfromPara.3?A.AnnuallitteringhasincreasedalittleinUKsincethe1960s.B.Shorter-lastingmaterialswillbelessharmfultotheenvironment.C.Cigarette-relatedlitterisasevereenvironmentalprobleminUK.D.RegularlitteringhascausedtheUK’smousepopulationtoreach60million.3.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeUK’spunishmentonlitteringaccordingtoPara.4?A.Everylittlehelps. B.Adropinthebucket.C.Nopains,nogains. D.Morehaste,lessspeed.4.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Rubbishcollection,anurgenttask. B.Environmentissue,abigconcern.C.Littering,asurprisinglybigissue. D.Long-lastingmaterial,ahiddendanger.【2022届山东省潍坊市高三下学期三月份高考模拟试题，C】Beingtakenofftheendangeredspecieslistdoesn'tguaranteeacarefreefutureforwhales.RecentresearchestimatesthatthepopulationofPacificgraywhalesoffNorthAmerica'sWestCoasthasdwindledbyalmostaquartersince2016.Startingin2019,alarmingnumbersofdeadgraywhaleswerespottedonbeachesandfloatingoffshorethroughouttheirhabitat,fromMexicotoAlaska.TheNationalMarineFisheriesServicedefineditasan“UnusualMortalityEvent”.UMEsaredeclaredwhena“significantdie-off”occursandwheninformationiscollectedtoclarifywhyitoccurs.TheArctichashistoricallylowlevelsofseaiceinrecentyears,upendingthedelicateecosystemthatsustainsgraywhales.Likeothermigrators,theydon'tfeedontheirwinterbreeding(繁殖)groundsoralongtheirmigration,andmustgainweightduringthesummertosustainthemselvesthroughtherestoftheyear.ObserversusingairphotographynotedthewhaleslookedskinnierandarrivedinMexicoinpoorcondition,whichsuggestedtheywerenotfindingenoughfoodduringthesummer.Thisdie-offisalarminglysimilartotheeventsof20yearsago,whenanotherUMEresultedinasignificantdropinthegraywhalepopulation.Althoughthecausewasultimatelyundetermined,it'sthoughtthatthepopulationreached“carryingcapacity”—itgrewtoolargefortheenvironmenttosupportit.Althoughthatideahasbeensuggestedforthisdie-offaswell,it'smorelikelyblamedonthechangingconditionsoftheArctic.Graywhales,huntedalmosttoextinctionbythemid-20thcentury,wereoneofthefirsttobeprotectedfromhunting.TheEasternNorthPacificpopulationreboundedwithoutpressurefromwhalingandwastakenofftheEndangeredSpeciesList;theWesternNorthPacificpopulationisstilllistedasendangered.Thisdie-offisareminderthat“delisting”doesn'tindicateapopulation'ssecurefuture.Newthreatsarise,climatechangeupendshabitats,andcontinuedmonitoringisneededincaseacrashcomes.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dwindled”inparagraph1mean?A.Increased. B.Bounced.C.Multiplied. D.Dropped.2.Whatwillgraywhalesusuallydoinwinter?A.Consumefewcalories. B.Travelsouthtobreed.C.MarchbacktoAlaska. D.SeekfoodintheArctic.3.WhatmightbethemaincauseofthecurrentUME?A.Seriousillnesses. B.Seapollution.C.Environmentalchanges. D.Limitedcarryingcapacity.4.What'stheauthor'sattitudetothe“delisting”?A.Favorable. B.Concerned.C.Intolerant. D.Regretful.【2022届福建省莆田市高中毕业班第二次质量检测，D】EffortstopreservetheAmazonrainforestaregrowingevermoreurgentastheecosystem’sdestructionaccelerates.Arecentstudyshowsthatanewprogramcombiningon-the-groundmonitoringwithsatellitedataandsmartphonetechnologycouldhelpputthebrakesonAmazondeforestation(毁林)—andpotentiallythatofforestselsewhere.Thescientistscooperatedwith76localcommunities,36ofwhichparticipatedinusingsatellite-based“earlydeforestationalerts”,anearly-alertsystemonasmartphoneapp,towatchovertheforestandtoinspectforestsanddocumentdamage.Overthenexttwoyearstheparticipantswerepaidtoworkasforestmonitorsandreceivedmonthlyalertsviatheappwhensatellitedataindicatedlocalforestlosses.Monitorsinvestigatedalertsandinspectedfordeforestationintheareas.Theyreportedconfirmedlossesbacktotheircommunities,whichdecidedwhethertodealwiththeaffairsontheirownorinformstateauthorities.Theresearchersanalyzedthesameforest-losssatellitedatafromthegiventimeperiodinall76communities.Theyfoundtheprogramreducedforestlossby8.4hectares(公顷)inthefirstyear—a52percentreductioncomparedwiththeaveragelossinthecontrolcommunities,saysTaraSlough,aneconomistatNewYorkUniversity.“Thisreductionindeforestationwasconcentratedincommunitiesfacingthelargestthreatofforestloss”,sheadds.Resultsfortheprogramwerelessstrikinginitssecondyear,whenforestlosswasreducedbyonly3.3hectarescomparedwiththatincontrolcommunities.TheresearchersexplainthataPeruviangovernmentcampaignagainstcocaplantingthatyearmayhavediscourageddeforestationinbothexperimentalandcontrolcommunities,narrowingdifferencesbetweenthetwogroupsintheprogram.ExpertssaythisapproachtodealingwithAmazoniandeforestationlookspromising.Localgroupsmaycontinuetheworktheystartedintheprogram.“Wewanttoapplythisinothercommunities.Indoingso,wearemakingacontributiontotheworld,”wroteFrancisco,acommunitymemberinvolvedintheresearch.1.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewprogram?A.Itappliestoalltheforests. B.Itadoptsmultipletechnologies.C.Itinvolvesnohumanparticipation. D.Itsolvestheproblembeforehand.2.Howdidtheresearchersconductthestudy?A.Byanalyzingthedata. B.Bysurveyingthemonitors.C.Byobservingthearea. D.Byinvestigatingthedamage.3.Whatdotheresearchersthinkoftheeffectoftheprogram?A.Stable. B.Positive. C.Unconvincing. D.Discouraging.4.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.AmazonProtectingtheRainforest B.ExpertsTestingEarly-alertSystemC.CommunitiesDealingWithDeforestation D.SmartphoneWatchingOvertheForest【湖北省八市2021-2022学年高三3月联考，D】FromthelushgreenhillyoucanseeLjubljana,thecapi