2023学年完整公开课版infinitiveandvingform

Unit1Module5GrammarandusageTo-infinitiveandVerb-ingformasanounPart1To-infinitive表语主语宾语不定式宾语补足语定语状语1.todoasasubject

Thecatsaid,“totakerollercoaster

isterrible”.Thecatsaid,“It’s

terribletotakerollercoaster.”Howlongdidittakeyoutotakerollercoaster?Howterribleitistotakerollercoaster!不定式短语作主语时,可以直接放在句首,但在很多情况下,尤其是在疑问句和感叹句中,往往放在谓语之后,而用先行代词it作形式主语。It作形式主语,不定式作真主语常见句型:

a)Itis+adj.(easy,important,difficult…)+不定式Itisdifficulttolearnanewlanguage.b)Itis+n.(apity,apleasure,one’sduty,ashame…)+不定式It’smydutytoteachyouhowtolearnEnglishwell.c)Ittakes/needs/requires+sometime(hours/months/days/patience…)+不定式Itrequirespatiencetobeagoodteacher.从下列句子中可以看出不定式和动名词有什么区别吗？1.Tocompletesuchahighbuildinginoneyearwasquiteadifficulttask.2.Todothatimpliestakingresponsibility.3.Studying/TostudyEnglishwellneedspatience.要点：不定式做主语既可以表示一般的状态，（这点和动名词相同);又可以表示具体的某次动作,这一点和动名词不一致。2.todoasapredicativeOurmostimportanttasknowistomakeaplan.当句子的主语是aim,idea,policy,question,suggestion,wish,task,duty,job,purpose,intention等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时，后面用不定式做表语当不定式充当表语的时候,表示具体动作或是将来要发生的动作。如:1.Mywishistobeadoctor.2.Whatshewantstodois(to)tellyoua secret.3.Hisplanistogoabroadandcontinue hisstudies.1.Hisjobisdeliveringtheletterstotheirdestinations.2.MyjobistolookafterthesisterwhenMomiscooking.PS:而动名词则表示抽象的一般行为。注:

作表语的不定式都带to,但当主语部分有实义动词do时,to可以省略。Nowtheonlythingwecan

do

is(to)wait.3.Todoasanobject

Thecatsaid“Remembernottotakeitnexttime!”(Tips:不定式否定为not/neverto)可以直接用不定式作宾语的动词很多,如agree,afford,tend,ask,decide,determine,expect,fail,hope,learn,intend,manage,offer,plan,promise,refuse,want,wishliketo和likedoing的比较:IlikeplayingfootballbutIdon’tliketoplayfootballtoday.要点：不定式常常表示具体的某次动作。2005年天津卷12题：Idon’twant___likeI’mspeakingillofanybody,butthemanager’splanisunfair.A.tosoundB.tobesoundedC.soundingD.tohavesoundedb)只有少数介词如but,except等后面可以跟不定式作宾语。一般情况下作介词宾语的不定式都带to，但如果but或except所在句子里的谓语动词含有do,does,did时，通常省略to。Wehavenochoicebut

towait.Cf.Wecan

do

nothingbut

wait.有些动词如want,need,require等，当它的主语为不定式的逻辑宾语时，后接不定式和v-ing都可以，但必须注意的是，v-ing须用主动式，不定式须用被动式Theflowersneed_______________.tobewateredTheflowersneed________whenitisdry.wateringThecatfelt

it

terrible

totakerollercoaster.当不定式短语有宾补时,往往将不定式放到宾补后,而用先行代词it作形式宾语,常用动词有feel,think,find,believe,consider,make等。4.

todoasanobjectcomplementYoushouldgetthemtohelpyou.(Theywillhelpyou.)(常用谓语动词有:

get,ask,force,order,tell,invite,allow,wish,want,like,expect,advise,beg,cause,persuade,teach,warn,hate,permit,forbid,encourage等。)通常这样的动词用在以下的结构里:Verb+sb/sth+todosth2005全国卷(I)No.18Whilewatchingtelevision,______.A.thedoorbellrangB.thedoorbellringsC.weheardthedoorbellringD.weheardthedoorbellrings2005福建卷No.23IfanyonehappenstodropinwhileI’mout,_____himorherleaveamessage.A.haveB.getC.askD.tellTips:有些动词后面须接不带to的不定式做宾语补足语,常用的动词有:make,let,have,see;hear,watch,notice,feel;lookat,listento;observe

等,但是句子变成被动语态后,不定式成为句子的主语补足语,需带to。Theboss

made

her

work

longhours.

主语谓语宾语

宾补She主语wasmade

谓语towork

主补longhours(byherboss).Iwouldrather___(go)swimming.Youhadbetter____(tidy)yourbedroom.Whynot____(visit)yourcousininJapan?Tips:有些特殊句型后面须接不带to的不定式。gotidyvisitShetoldme_____(be)cheerfuland_____(look)onthebrightside.Wehadnothing_____(do)but_____(watch)TV.Tips:

当and,or,expect,but,than或ratherthan连接两个不定式时，

第二个不定式符号省略。tobelooktodowatch5.todoasanattributeHehasnotkepthispromise_________(write)tohisparentsregularly.Shemadeadecision______(go)abroadforayear.不定式可以在句子充当后置定语,修饰名词。以下几类情况常用不定式作定语:towritetogo①能带不定式作宾语的动词,其同源名词可以带不定式作定语。常见的有attempt,decision,promise,plan等Hemadeanattempttoopenthedoor,butfailed.②常与不定式搭配的形容词,其同源名词一般可以用不定式作定语。常见的有ability,determination,anxiety,eagerness等Weknowforsurethathehastheabilitytofinishthetaskintime.

③序数词,形容词最高级或被only,last,next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。Shewastheonlypersontosurviveaftertheearthquake.1.Therearefivepairs_____,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.A.tobechosenB.tochoosefromC.tochooseD.forchoosing2.Thechairlooksratherhard,butinfactitisverycomfortableto_______.A.sitB.sitonC.besatD.besaton不定式作定语时，与被修饰词之间常因为某种逻辑关系需要在不及物动词后酌情添加一个介词。6.todoasanadverbial不定式可以作状语,表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。2005年辽宁卷22题：Allthesegiftsmustbemailedimmediately__intimeforChristmas.A.inordertohavereceivedB.inordertoreceiveC.soastobereceivedD.soastobereceiving①soasto(不能放句首),to,inorderto作目的状语Hehurriedtothestationonly___thatthetrainhadgone.tofindB.findingC.foundD.tohavefound②在so…asto,such…asto,onlyto…结构中不定式作结果状语,其中onlyto…用于表示意想不到的结果。Shegotupatsixo’clock,onlytofindhisparentshadalreadygonetothefield.7.作插入语,用来说明说话人的态度、看法、对整个句子进行解释,如tobefrank/honest(坦白地说),tobesure(确实),tomakethematterworse(更糟糕的是)等。

Totellyouthetruth,Ihateyou.8.不定式的时,态不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式

Somestudentspretended

tobereading

English

whentheteachercamein.

①不定式的进行式：tobe+V-ing,用来表示谓语动词动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行。2005年江苏卷No.25---IsBobstillperforming?---I’mafraidnot.Heissaid__thestagealreadyashehasbecomeanofficial.A.tohaveleftB.toleaveC.tohavebeenD.tobeleft②不定式完成式:tohave+V-ed构成,用来表示动作发生在谓语动作之前。2006年四川卷No.26TheChineseareproudofthe29thOlympicGames___inBeijingin2008.A.holdB.holdingC.heldD.tobeheldThebookissaid

tohavebeentranslated

intomanylanguages.③当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时,不定式要用被动语态。不定式的被动式分为一般式被动tobeV-ed和完成式被动tohavebeenV-edThequestionisdifficult

toanswer.Heishard

togetalongwith.Tips:当句式为:主语+be+adj.+todo时,且todo的逻辑宾语是句子主语时,todo不用被动语态。“疑问词＋todo”结构“疑问词＋不定式”结构在句中可以充当主语、表语、宾语及宾补，高考中考查其作宾语的例子较多。NoonecantellmewheretofindJohn.Whentotaketheexamisstillunknown.Theproblemishowtogetenoughmoney.Tips:连接代（副）词+不定式（包括whether,what,which,whom,where,when,how)在句中起名词作用，通常跟在tell,know,show,decide,learn,wonder,explain等动词后作主、宾或表语。1.Robertissaid_____abroad,butIdon'tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.A.tohavestudiedC.tobestudyingB.tostudyD.tohavebeenstudying2.Iwouldlove______tothepartylastnightbuthadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.togo B.tohavegone C.going D.havinggone3.Youweresillynot____yourcar.A.tolock B.tohavelockedC.locking D.havinglocked4.Doletyourmotherknowthetruth.Sheappears_______everything.A.totellB.tobetoldC.tobetellingD.tohavebeentold

5.Mrs.Smithwarnedherdaughter______afterdrinking.A.nevertodriveB.toneverdriveC.neverdrivingD.neverdrive6.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_____.A.nottoB.nottodoD.notdoitD.donotto7.Thenewsreportershurriedtotheairport,only______thefilmstarshadleft.A．totell B．tobetoldC．telling D．told8.I'veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat________inmynewjob.A．expectedB．toexpect

C．tobeexpectingD．expects9.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_____.itwhattodowithB.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithitD.todowhatwithit10.Themotherdidn’tknow______toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.whoC.howB.whenD.what11.It’squiteclever______you______withthematterthatway.A.for,todealB.of,todealC.for,dealingD.of,dealing12.It’snecessary_____us_____aforeignlanguageinthemodernworld.A.for;tolearnB.ofus;tolearnC.for;learningD.ofus;learning13.Noteverybodyhastheability_____inpublic.A.ofspeakB.speakingC.spokenD.tospeak14.Maryisalwaysthefirststudent______theteacher’squestionsinclass.A.answeringB.toanswerC.tobeansweredD.answeredPart2Verb-ingformasanoun1.动名词的句法功能:动名词由动词加ing构成,与现在分词的形式相同。动名词主要起名词作用,在句中担任主语、表语、宾语和定语。Seeingisbelieving.(眼见为实)Collectingstamps

is

agoodhobby.

①作主语,可以直接放在句首,但在某些习惯表达法中也可以用先行代词it作为形式主语,而把动名词后置,如:Itisnouse(good)+动名词:做某事没用(不好)It’snousecryingoverspiltmilk.(覆水难收)It’snogoodsmokinginpublic.②作表语:通常是说明主语的内容,注 意它与谓语动词进行时的区别Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.可改为:Collectingstampsishishobby.Cf.Heiscollectingstamps.(iscollecting是谓语动词进行时，此句为SVO结构)不能改为:Collectingstampsishe.2006年北京卷No.35.Ican’tstand__withJaneinthesameoffice.Shejustrefuses__talkingwhilesheworks.working;stoppingB.towork;stoppingC.working;tostopD.Towork;tostop2005年上海卷No.32Hegotwell-preparedforthejobinterview,forhecouldnotrisk____thegoodopportunity.A.toloseB.losingC.tobelostD.beinglost2006年江苏卷N0.32---Thereisastoryhereinthepaperabouta110-year-oldman.---Mygoodness!Ican’timagine__thatold.A.tobeB.tohavebeenC.beingD.havingbeen③作宾语A.作及物动词的宾语(stand,admit,dislike,imagine,delay,consider,mind,understand,avoid,enjoy,practise,miss,finish,keep,suggest,appreciate,escape,miss,risk,deny,allow,forbid等)I

likeswimming

butIdon’t

liketoswiminwinter.

Ipreferto

drive

ratherthanbedriven.I

prefer

driving

to

riding.Tips:有些动词(continue,prefer,begin,hate,like,start,love)后面既可以接不定式作宾语，也可以接动名词作宾语,意义差别不大。通常认为用动名词泛指一般的行为或状态,用不定式则表示特定或具体某一种动作。2005年北京卷No.30Whenaskedbypolice,hesaidthatheremembered____atheparty,butnot___.A.toarrive,leavingB.toarrive,toleaveC.arriving,leavingD.arriving,toleave有些动词,如forget,remember,regret等,后面接动名词表示的动作先于谓语动词动作，不定式表示的动作后于谓语动词。B.作介词的宾语

2005年浙江卷No.3Thepresidentspokeatthebusinessmeetingfornearlyanhourwithout______hisnotes.A.bringingupB.referringtoC.lookingforD.tryingonbeusedtodoing

习惯于做;lookforwardtodoing

盼望做;devoteone’slifetodoing

致力于做;feellikedoing

欲想做;leadto导致;insiston坚持要做;objecttodoing反对;succeed/besuccessfulin

成功地做了havesomedifficulty/trouble(in)doing

bebusy(in)doing

忙于做;2005年江苏卷No.23EverybodyinthevillagelikesJackbecauseheisgoodattellingand___jokes.A.turningupB.puttingupC.makingupD.showingup④作定语动名词可作前置定语,表示所修饰的词的用途或目的,可用for改写;而现在分词作定语时,可用定语从句改写。swimmingpool,waitingroom,walkingstickasleepingcar=acarforsleepingasleepingchild=achildwhoissleepingThat’sthequeen’sfull-timejob,layingeggs.

⑤作同位语这就是蚁后的专职工作——产卵。2.动名词的逻辑主语Doyoumindmysmokinghere?①人称代词做逻辑主语时应用所有格,即形容词性物主代词。②在口语中,动名词如果不在句首，可以用名词普通格或人称代词宾格作逻辑主语。2005年安徽卷No.34Ireallycan’tunderstand___herlikethat.A.youtreatB.youtotreatC.whytreatD.youtreating

Hewasawakenedbysomeoneknockingatthedoor.There’snoneedforthatbeingdone.③逻辑主语是不定代词或指示代词时,很少用所有格,而用普通格。④逻辑主语是名词时,用所有格,但是如果名词为无生命物体时，则用普通格。Mary’slaughingmadeTomangry.Thereisnohopeofthefactorymakingprofit.3.动名词的完成式(havingdone)、一般式被动(beingdone)和完成式被动(havingbeendone)。After

havingfinished

hiswork,hewenthome.Heattendedthemeetingwithout

beingasked.Shenevertoldmeabouther

havingbeeninterviewed

bythepolice.1.LastSundaymorningIsetoutearlytocallforJoan,only____herseriouslyillinbed.A.finding