情态动词虚拟语气

情态动词和虚拟语气1.can表示有能力做某事，只有现在式和过去式beableto表示通过努力，克服困难做成某事。Mostofthebighotelswerefullatthistimeofyear,butfinallywe findaroominoneofthosesmallguesthousesnearthestation.A.oughtto.couldC.wereabletoD.might2.can表示推测用于肯定句时表示“有时候会”（湖南）someaspectsofpilots'job beboring,andpilotsoften workatinconvenienthours.A.can;havetoB.may;canC.haveto;mayD.oughtto;mustMayIusethisdictionary? Yes.please./I'mafraidnot.MayIswiminthislake?No,youmustn't.It'stoodangerous.4Mustwefinishtheworktomorrow?No,youneedn't（don'thaveto）,butyoumustfinishitinthreedays.must侧重说话人的主观看法“必须”，而haveto则表示客观需要“不得不”。Imuststudyhard./Ihavetogiveitupbecauseofillness.must表示推测用于肯定句.Hemustbesleepingnow.Hemustbeathomenow.Tommusthavegonetoseeyouyesterday.IIGrammarLearning情态动词用法例句can/could表能力“能够；能；会”，包括本能，体能,智能,技能.could表示过去的能力Icaneasilytellmyfather'sstep.IcoulddriveacarbeforeIleftschool.表示可能性在肯定句中表示“有时候会”，疑问句中表示“可能,会”，否定句中与否定词一起表示“肯定不会；不可能”Wuhancanbeveryhotinsummer.Ifthepenisn'tyours,whoseelsecanitbe?Itcan'tbeourteacher;heismuchtaller.may/might表示许可允许别人做某事或征求对方的许可.MayItroubleyoutopassmethebook?表示可能性可以对现在，过去或将来的情况进行推测.might所表示的可能性比may更小一些.Johnisabsent.Hemay/mightbeill.Let'shurry.Theymay/mightbewaiting.will/would表示意愿自愿做某事或主动提出做某事.would用于过去的情况Iwillhelpyouifyoumeetwithtrouble.Shesaidshewouldtryherbesttohelpme.与you连用时表示请示或要求.would比will更客气，委婉.Willyoucomethisway,please?Wouldyouopenthewindow,please?表示习惯或特性.will用于现在，would用于过去，带有主观性Thedoorwon'topen.Thestrangemanwillsitthereforhours.Wewouldsitatfire,listeningtohisstories.shall表示征求意见或请求•用于第一，三人称疑问句中Whatshallwedothisevening?我们今晚做什么？ShallTomgotherewithmetomorrow?表命令，警告，许诺，威胁，决心等•用于第二，三人称.Youshallgetanicepresentfrommetoday.（允诺）YoushalldoasIsay.按我说的做。（命令）Youshallhavemyanswertomorrow.你明天可以得到我的答复。（允诺）Heshallbesorryforitoneday,Itellyou.有一天他会后悔的，我告诉你。（警告）Nothingshallstopusfromcarryingouttheplan.什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划（决心）表示义务或规定中“应，必须”用于第三人称.Membersoftheclubshallwearsuits.should用于征求对方意见.用于第一,三人称.Mr.Leeaskedifheshouldgethisvisa.表示义务,职责等“应该”Childrenshouldlearntorespecttheold.表示说话人惊奇,愤怒,失望等•“竟然”Youshouldhavedonesuchathing!表示语气较强的假设“万一”Shoulditraintomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.表示可能性、推测“该，可能”，按常理推断应该It's4:30.TheyshouldbeinnewYorkbynow.如此。用在虚拟语气中Hesuggestedthatwe(should)hurryup.must表示“必须”主观上认为应该做某事Wemustkeepourword.表示“命令,禁止”指说话人主观的命令或强烈的劝告.Youmustn'tleaveyourbooksabout.--MustIdoit?-No,youdon'tneed/haveto表示偏偏，硬要，非得ThecarmustbreakdownjustwhenIwasabouttostart.我正要出发时车偏偏抛锚了。need的基本用法：need作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。如Heneedn'tworryaboutusnow.need也可作实义动词，用于肯定句、否定句和疑问句中，其后可接名词、代词、动名词或带to的动词不定式作宾语。如Youneedtopractisereadingaloudeveryday.dare的基本用法：dare作情态动词时，主要用于否定句和疑问句中。如Darehebreakthetrafficregulationsagain?dare作实义动词，其用法与其他实义动词相同。Youneedtopractisereadingaloudeveryday.dare的情态动词有过去时形式。Hedarednotgooutlastnight.oughtto1)表义务，意为“应该”(因责任、义务等该做)，口气比should稍重。Youarehisfather.Yououghttotakecareofhim你是他父亲，应当管他。2)表推测，暗含很大的可能，语气较弱。HanMeioughttoknowhistelephonenumber.韩梅该知道他的电话号码。usedto表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在不复发生或存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。Heusedtoliveinthecountryside,butnowhelivesinthecity他过去住在乡下，现在住在城里。Thereusedtobeabuildingatthestreetcorner,butithasbeenpulleddown.街道拐角处过去有座楼房，现在拆了。Iusedn't(didn'tuse)tosmoke.我过去不抽烟。Usedyou(Didyouuse)togotoschoolonfoot?你过去常步行去学校吗？虚拟语气 (一)1・if条件句中虚拟语气的形式(1)从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有二种不P同的形式。时间从句谓语形式主句谓语形式将来动词过去式(be用were)should+动词原形wereto+动词原形would/should/might/could+动词原形现在动词过去式(be用were)would/should/might/could+动词原形过去had+动词过去分词would/should/might/couldhave+动词过去分词(2)有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时，须区别对待。①从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如:Ifithadnotbeenrainingtoomuch,thecropswouldbegrowingmuchbetter.②从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：Ifhewerefreetoday,wewouldhavesenthimtoBeijing.如他今天有空的话，我们会已派他去北京了。当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时，if可省略，而将were,should,had等词置于句首。如:Shouldheagreetogothere,wewouldsendhimthere.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。Wereshehere,shewouldagreewithus.如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Hadhelearntaboutcomputers,wewouldhavehiredhimtoworkhere.有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。如：Iwouldhavecometoseeyou,butIwastoobusy.我本该来看你了，然而我太忙了。Iwastoobusy,otherwise/orIwouldhavehelpedyou.Butforhishelp,wewouldbeworkingnow.要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。Withoutyourinstruction.Iwouldnothavemadesuchgreatprogress要没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。2.英语中，wish之后的宾语从句，其虚拟语气的结构为：表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构发生在主句动作之前had+过去分词；would/could/might/should+have+过去分词与主句动作同时发生过去时（be用were）发生在主句动作之后would/could/might/should+原形动词3.英语中，wouldrather之后的宾语从句，其虚拟语气的结构为:表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构过去had+过去分词；现在过去时（be用were）将来过去时（be用were）例如：I'dratheryouhadseenthefilmyesterday.我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。I'dratheryouwereherenow.我倒想你现在在这儿。We'dratheryouwenttheretomorrow.4.asif,asthough引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的结构为:表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构发生在主句动作之前had+过去分词与主句动作同时发生过去时（be用were）发生在主句动作之后would/could/might/should+原形动词例如：Theybegantotalkwarmlyasiftheyhadknowneachotherforlong..Ifonly...!真希望……!若是……那该多好啊!谓语动词用过去式表现在：例：IfonlyIknewhisname!要是我知道他的名字就好了。谓语动词用过去完成时表过去Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!我们要采纳你的意见就好了。(3)谓语动词用could/would表将来：例：IfonlyIcouldseehimagain!Ifonlyshewouldacceptmyinvitation!Itis(high/about)timethat+主语+动词的过去式ItistimethatIwenttopickupmydaughteratschool.我该去学校接我的女儿了。(二)1.英语中，如：require.demand,desire.urge,order,command,ask,request,recommend,advise.proposesuggest(建议),insist(坚决要求)等表示要求、命令、请求、推荐、建议或坚持等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：(should)+原形动词。如：Theteacheradvisedthatweshouldmakegooduseofeveryminutehere.ThePartyaskedthatweshouldservethepeoplewithourheartandsoul党要我们全心全意地为人民服务。但是，当insist的意思为：坚决认为，坚持说；suggest的意思为：表明，暗含，暗示等时，宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。如：Tominsistedthathehadn'tstolenthewatch.汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。Hissmilesuggestedthathehadsucceededinthisexam.他的微笑表明他在考试中成功了。2.Itisdisappointing/surprising/important/strange/necessary/natural/essential….that...should+原形动词Itisimportantthatweshoulddowellinourlessonsfirst.我们先把功课学好很重要。Itisstrangethatheshouldnotcome.很奇怪，他竟没有来。3.Itisapity/ashamethat.Itisapitythatweshouldnotmeetlastnight.真遗憾我们昨天晚上没有见过面。Itis(high/about)timethat+主语+should+动词原形。如：Itishightimeyoushouldgotowork.一、用适当的情态动词填空1.—Nowadayschildrenhavemorefreedom.—Iagree.They dowhattheylike.2.—Pleasedon'ttellanybody.—I .Ipromise.3．WhenIlivedwithmyroommatesintheuniversity，we oftentalkintothenight.4．—WheredidyougetTheFrogwrittenbyMoYan?—Ipickeditupfromabookshoponlineifyou know.5．Students remainintheirseatsuntilallthepapershavebeencollected.6．Iknowthatitwillbedifficulttopickhimoutinsuchacrowd，butifyou___happentoseehim，givehimthispacket.7．—WhydoesThomasspeakthrougheverydiscussionbutneverlistentotheothers?—That'swhathe do.Weusedtohatethat，butareusedtoitnow.8．Wecan'tuseittotiethegoodsbecauseit bebrokenattheweakestposition.9．—MayIsmokehere?—Ifyou ，chooseaseatinthesmokingsection.10．—Canyoukeepasecret?—You worry—I'mnotgoingtomentionittoanyone.二.完成句子（利用情态动词完成句子）1．Judgingfromthebrightsmileonhisface，he （一定已经成功了）inpassingthejobinterview.2．Ifeltsurprisedthatanyoneofhisintelligence （竟然没有通过）suchaneasytest.3．You （本不必来）inperson；atelephonewouldhavebeenenough.4． （如果我收到）youremail，Iwouldhavesetofftwodaysago.5．Weallknowthatwe （本应该减少）ourcarbonfootprint，butIsuspectthatmanypeoplewouldn'tbepreparedtogoasfarasJoanPick，aretiredscientistlivinginsouthLondon.6．Thesleepingbabywouldbescared （如果有）asuddenloudnoise.7．Therewassomethingwrongwiththenetwork，ortheemail （本可以被发出）earlier.8．Forthoseofyouwho （也许已经错过了）afewverypopulararticlesthatcameoutlastweek，checkoutthismail.9．We （本来能够到达）hereontimebutwewerecaughtinatrafficjam.10．Ifyou （没有离开）homewithoutaword，yourparentswouldn'tbesoworriednow.三用适当的情态动词填空W:Adam，howisyourkneetoday?Isitstillgivingyoutrouble?M:No，itfeelsalotbettertoday.IfIhadnotruntoofast，I__1__nothavebeeninjured.Iwenttothedoctorandhetoldmeitwasnotserious，butI__2__nottakeanystrongactivityinafewdays.W:Great!ButIadviseyou__3__takeiteasytoday.Maybejustpracticethrowing.You__4__notdoanyrunninganymore.M:OK.__5__IhaveanynewsaboutMichiganandwhat__6__weexpectinSaturday'sgame?W:Yes，Ihavesomefilms，showingMichiganinthelastthreegames.Theyareinmyoffice，ifyou__7__seethemafterpractice，youcan.M:Oh，that__8__begreat.I'dliketoseewhatweareagainst.TheyareoneofthetopbasketballteamsinthecountrynowsincetheybeatIowalastweekend.Cometothinkofit，whydon'tyougoaheadandcheckoutthegamefilmsrightnow?Andjustrestthatkneethisafternoon.Iwishyou__9__recoversoon.W:Michiganhasastrongteam.Weareinforatoughone.M:Allright，I__10__bebacktomorrowforfullpractice.四语法填空OnThursdayMrs.Clarkelockedthedoorandwenttothewomen'scl