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考研《英语一》上海市闸北区2023年高分冲刺试卷SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Oneafternoon,IwaswalkingwithEvanonthesecondfloor.ItalkedonandonandEvanwalked1infrontofme.Asweturnedacorner,Evan2meandsaidthetenwords.“Whyareyoutalkingtome?I’mnotyourfriend.”Thoseweretheexactwordshesaidtomethatday.Istoodthere3.Hekeptwalkingandneverlookedback.I4tomynextclasswithtearscomingupinmyeyes.We5spoketoeachotherafterthat.I6intoashell,likeaturtle,tohidefromtheworld.Fortherestofmytimeinmiddleschool,Ididn’t7myselftogetclosetoanyone.Ipushawaymostofmyfriends8beinghurtagain.Iavoidedunnecessary9.Itwasn’tuntilhighschoolthatIwasableto10myheadoutofmyshellandbegin11peopleagain.Buteventoday,Iamstill12inchoosingwhoIopenupto.Ittakesmeaverylongtimetowarmupto13.Iwastwelvethen.IwastootrustingandItookwhatEvansaid14.Maybehewashavingabadday15maybeIwastalkingtoomuch.Inmyview,whathesaidtomethatday16thecourseofmylife.butifweren’tforthat17,Iwouldn’thavemetmybestfriendsinhighschool.Iunderstandthat,inmiddleschool,wewereallyoung.I’vebeenableto18allthepeoplewhobulliedme,butforsome19Ican’tseemtoforgiveEvan.Thosewordsthatdayhurtmemorethananything.IbelievethatonedayI’llbe20enoughtoforgiveEvantoo.ButrightnowI’mstillthattwelve-year-oldrunningdownthehallwithtearsfilledwithhiseyes.1、A.silently B.carefully C.suddenly D.happily2、A.arguedwith B.shoutedat C.turnedto D.remindedof3、A.astonished B.disappointed C.frightened D.amused4、A.cameback B.gavein C.madefaces D.ranoff5、A.frequently B.willingly C.attentively D.rarely6、A.looked B.turned C.escaped D.lived7、A.wish B.allow C.expect D.force8、A.forfearof B.becauseof C.inneedof D.insteadof9、A.outings B.conversations C.lessons D.friends10、A.remain B.stick C.keep D.hide11、A.suspecting B.refusing C.admiring D.trusting12、A.cautions B.alone C.careless D.simple-minded13、A.anything B.everyone C.nothing D.someone14、A.seriously B.wrongly C.personally D.easily15、A.and B.or C.but D.so16、A.changed B.helped C.developed D.achieved17、A.accident B.argument C.incident D.fight18、A.forget B.remember C.apologize D.forgive19、A.trouble B.reason C.idea D.view20、A.warm-hearted B.clever C.mature D.determinedSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1IntheU.S.stateofWashington,aroadcalledInterstate(州际公路;州际的)90cutsthroughawildmountainousareatoreachthecityofSeattle.Forthearea'smanykindsofanimals,busyhigh-waygreatlylimitstheirmovements.Animalsneedtomovetofindfood,tofindmates,tofindnewplacestoliveastheirpopulationsexpandorjustwhenconditionschange,likeafirebreaksout.CrossingI-90–astheroadiscalled–isariskybutsometimesnecessaryact.Butsoon,animalswillhaveasaferchoice.Theywillbeabletogoaboveit.Tohelptheanimals,thestateisfinishingworkonitslargest-everwildlifebridge.The11-meter-tall,20-meter-widebridgebeginsintheforest.Itformstwoarchesabovethehighway,oneforeachdirectionoftraffic.Workersareaddingfencingantiplantstohelpguidetheanimalsacrossthebridge,Two-meter-thickwallswillhelpblocknoisefromvehiclesbelow.Scientistschosetheareabecauseitiswithinanaturalmigration(迁徙)pathforsomeanimals.TheI-90bridgeispartofagrowingnumberofwildlifecrossingsacrosstheUnitedStates.Somearefences,someareoverlandbridges,andsomeareunderpasses.Theyallaimtokeepdriversandanimalsawayfromeachother.AU.S.TransportationDepartmentstudyfoundcrashesbetweenanimalsandhumansroseyearbyyear.Theaccidentsmadeupabout5percentofallcrashesnationally,andcosttheeconomy(经济)about$8billion.Suchcostscomefromcarrepaid,emergencyroomvisitsandremovalofthedeadanimalsonroads.Collisionsbetweenanimalsanddriversarerarelydeadlytopeople.Buttheyareoftendeadlytowildlife.Thestudyalsofoundthat21endangeredorthreatenedspeciesintheU.S.areaffectedbyvehiclehits.Bridges,underpassesandfencingreduceIhearea'sanimal-drivercollisionsby80percent.Mostofthewildlifebridgesareinwesternstates.Manyotherareasalsoneedsuchpaths.Butfindingmoneyformorecrossingsis“the-number-oneproblem”.PattyGarvey—DardaoftheU.S.ForestServicehasworkedontheI-90crossingfromthestartoftheproject.Shesaysthe$6-millionbridgewillonedaypayforitselfbecausethehighwaywillnothavetobefullyorpartlyclosedeachtimealargeanimalisstruck.“IfyoushutclownInterstate90,youshutdowninterstatetrade.”sheadds.1、WhatdoweknowaboutdieI-90?A.ItgoesfromWashingtonD.CtoSeattle,B.Itisdangerousforwildanimalstocross.C.Itblocksthemovementsofwildanimals.D.Itisthelongest-everhighwayintheworld.2、Whatisbeingdonetohelptheanimals?A.Buildingawildlifebridgetokeepdriversandanimalsaway.B.Designingwallstoprotectanimalsfromtrafficaccidents.C.forming2arches,onefortrafficandtheotherforanimals.D.Choosinganaturalandsafeareaforwildanimalstolivein.3、Whatcanwelearnfromthestudy?A.Trafficaccidentswentdowngraduallynationwide.B.Mostmoneywasspentinrescuingwildanimals,C.Collisionsaremoredeadlytowildlifethantopeople,D.Somespeciesnolongerexistedbecauseofvehiclehits.4、WhichofthestatementsmayPattyGarvey-Dardaagreewith?A.Thebridgecoststoomuchmoney.B.Animalswon11bestruckbydrivers.C.Theefforttobuildthebridgewillpayoff.D.Collisionswon'taffectnationaltradeatall.Text2AteamofengineersatHarvardUniversityhasbeeninspiredbyNaturetocreatethefirstroboticfly.Themechanicalflyhasbecomeaplatformforaseriesofnewhigh-techintegratedsystems.Designedtodowhataflydoesnaturally,thetinymachineisthesizeofafathousefly.Itsminiwingsallowittostayintheairandperformcontrolledflighttasks.“It’sextremelyimportantforustothinkaboutthisasawholesystemandnotjustthesumofabunchofindividualcomponents(元件),”saidRobertWood,theHarvardengineeringprofessorwhohasbeenworkingontheroboticflyprojectforoveradecade.Afewyearsago,histeamgotthego-aheadtostartpiecingtogetherthecomponents.“Theaddeddifficultywithaprojectlikethisisthatactuallynoneofthosecomponentsareofftheshelfandsowehavetodevelopthemallonourown,”hesaid.Theyengineeredaseriesofsystemstostartanddrivetheroboticfly.“Theseeminglysimplesystemwhichjustmovesthewingshasanumberofinterdependenciesontheindividualcomponents,eachofwhichindividuallyhastoperformwell,butthenhastobematchedwelltoeverythingit’sconnectedto,”saidWood.Theflightdevicewasbuiltintoasetofpower,computation,sensingandcontrolsystems.Woodsaysthesuccessoftheprojectprovesthattheflyingrobotwiththesetinycomponentscanbebuiltandmanufactured.Whilethisfirstroboticflyerislinkedtoasmall,off-boardpowersource,thegoaliseventuallytoequipitwithabuilt-inpowersource,sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers’fieldsoronthebattlefield.“Basicallyitshouldbeabletotakeoff,landandflyaround,”hesaid.Woodsaysthedesignoffersanewwaytostudyflightmechanicsandcontrolatinsect-scale.Yet,thepower,sensingandcomputationtechnologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapplications.“Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropenscientificquestions,youknow,tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwiththeanimals,butusingtheserobotsinstead,”hesaid.“Sotherearealotoftechnologiesandopeninterestingscientificquestionsthatarereallywhatdrivesusonadaytodaybasis.”1、Thedifficultytheteamofengineersmetwithwhilemakingtheroboticflywasthat__________.A.theyhadnomodelintheirmindB.theydidnothavesufficienttimeC.theyhadnoready-madecomponentsD.theycouldnotassemblethecomponents2、Itcanbeinferredfromparagraphs3and4thattheroboticfly__________.A.consistsofaflightdeviceandacontrolsystemB.canjustflyinlimitedareasatthepresenttimeC.cancollectinformationfrommanysourcesD.hasbeenputintowideapplication3、Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.Theroboticflyerisdesignedtolearnaboutinsects.B.Animalsarenotallowedinbiologicalexperiments.C.Thereusedtobefewwaystostudyhowinsectsfly.D.Wood’sdesigncanreplaceanimalsinsomeexperiments.4、Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.FatherofRoboticFlyB.InspirationfromEngineeringScienceC.RoboticFlyImitatesRealLifeInsectD.HarvardBreaksThroughinInsectStudyText3ThehitmovieFindingNemofollowsaclownfishfromtheGreatBarrierReef.Inreallife,clownfishareamongthethousandsofcolorfulseacreaturesthatcalltheGreatBarrierReefhome.Stretching1,250milesalongAustralia’snortheasterncoast,theGreatBarrierReefisthelongestcoralreefintheworld.Acoralreefisalivingunderwaterstructure.Butthesedays,theGreatBarrierReefhasfounditselfintrouble.Overfishing,pollution,andhightemperaturesareharmingitshealth.That’swhythegovernmentinAustraliaistryingtohelprescuethereef.UnderwaterGardenWhilecoralmaylooklikeaplant,itisactuallymadeupoftinyseaanimal.Thoseseaanimalsarecalledcoralpolyps.Aspolypsdie,theyleavehardshellsbehind.Otherpolypsgrowontopoftheshells.Overthousandsofyears,theyformacoralreefinwarmwaterthatisnotverydeep.Inmanyways,theGreatBarrierReefresemblesanunderwatergarden.Coralcanbehardorsoft.Itformsindifferentcolorsandinstrangeshapes.Somecorallookslikehardenedbrains.Othercorallookslikefansandlettuces.Thereefburstswithschoolsoftropicalfish,dashingamonggapsinthecoral.Thereefsuppliesfoodandsheltertocreatureslivinginandaroundthecoral.Turtles,sharks,seahorses,andcrabsareamongitsmanyinhabitants.HelpingHumansWhilethereefisimportanttooceanlife,ithelpshumans,too.Peoplerelyonthereefforbothfoodandjobs.Italsoprovidesmedicineusedtotreatdisease.Eachyear,theGreatBarrierReefcontributesabout$975milliontotheeconomythroughtourismandfishing.StressedOutIsitsurprising,then,thattheGreatBarrierReefisundertoomuchstress?Fishingnetsandshipsbreakoffsectionsanddamagethereef.Airandwaterpollutionarealsodoingharm.Atthesametime,warmerseatemperatureshavecausedcoralbleaching(漂白)onhalfofthereef.Thehightemperaturescausethecoraltoturnwhite,oftenkillingit.ReefRescueInanefforttohelpsavethereef,thegovernmenthaslimitedfishingtotwothirdsofit.Thatplanincreasesthenumberof“greenzones.”Thoseareareasthatareoff-limitstofishermenandboats.However,touristsandresearcherscanstillvisitthem.Manyfishermenareupsetabouttheplanbecausetheyrelyonthereefforjobs.TheAustraliangovernmentsaysthatitsplanwillhelpkeepthereefsafefromsomethreats.“Itisveryimportantthatwegiveareefproperprotectionforthefuture,”saidonegovernmentofficial.ThereefisAustralia’sgreatestnaturaltreasure.1、WhichofthefollowingisnotacreaturethatlivesintheGreatBarrierReef?A.Coralpolyps.B.Turtles.C.Seahorses.D.Whales.2、Whichsectiondescribestheprobleminthispassage?A.“UnderwaterGarden”B.“HelpingHumans”C.“StressedOut”D.“ReefRescue”3、WhatpicturecanthereadergetfromtheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph6?A.Manyfishquicklymovingthroughthecoral.B.Fishmovingtowardthecenter,ortarget,ofthecoral.C.Structured,orderlygroupsofyoungfishwithoutaclearpath.D.Fishexplodingwhentheycomeintocontactwithgapsinthecoral.Text4Fromchildhood,Moiralovedtowrite.Throughoutschoolsheenjoyedwriting,butpursuingitprofessionallywasneverapossibility.Herfatherwasadoctor,hermotheranurse.“Medicinewasafairlysafechoice,”Moirasays,“andwritingwasacareerwhereitwasn’tacertaintythatyou’dhavehighincome.”Shebecameadoctorbutstillwantedtowritesomething.However,beingadoctorwassodemandingthatshedidn’ttakeupwritinguntilherthirties.Sheproducedanovel—afictionalizedversionofhertravelinChinaafteruniversity.Shegotexcellentreviews.Moirasentitofftoasmanyagentsasshecouldfind,andfoundonewhowantedtorepresenther.Suddenly,itseemedshewasonherwayasanauthor.“Ihadonelengthyphonecallwiththeagentwherewewentthroughallpossibleareasthatshethoughtneededpolishing.Iworkedonthoseandsentitbacktoherbutdidn’thearanything.”Itwasn’tlongbeforeMoirafoundanotheragentwhowasinterestedifshewaswillingtorewriteitfromthefirstpersontothethirdperson.Shedidthehardworkandsentitoffagain.“Igotbackareallybriefletter:‘Thankyou,I’mnolongerinterested.’Itwasreallydisappointing.”Adecadewentby,andMoirafoundherselfeagertowriteagain,thistimepurelyforherownenjoyment.ShesetherselfthechallengeofcreatingathrillerandchoseWesternAustraliaashersetting.Asshewaswritingjustforherself,somethingsurprisingbegantohappen.“Thecharacterstookonalifeoftheirown;theystarteddoingthingsIhadn’tthoughtabout.Itjustflew.”Oneday,anagentcalledfromAustralia.Threeweekslater,Moirahadapublicationdeal.Hernovel,Cicada,waspublishedinMarch.“Evenifithadn’tbeenpublishedIstillgainedsomuchfromtheprocess,”saysMoira.1、WhatdoweknowaboutMoira?A.Shewasawriter.B.Shewasadoctor.C.Shewasanagent.D.Shewasanurse.2、Whatdoestheauthorimplyaboutherfirstnovel?A.Itwasproducedaftershegraduatedfromuniversity.B.Itwaspublishedbyoneoftheagents.C.Itwasmodifiedaccordingtotheagents’requirements.D.ItwasmadeintoathrillerwithWesternAustraliaasthesetting.3、WhatmadeMoirawriteagaintenyearslater?A.Themoney.B.Thesetting.C.Thechallenge.D.Thepleasure.4、Whatdoestheunderlinedword“flew”inparagraph5referto?A.Succeeded.B.Survived.C.Broke.D.Failed.5、Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.AnAdventureinChinaB.HowtoBeaWriterC.Moira’sFirstNovelD.APassionforWritingPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Itwasthespringof1943duringWorldWarⅡStandingamonghundredsofnew1.(soldier)atCampGrant,Sam,just18yearsold,waitedasatruckslowlydroveby2.fullfieldpackwasrandomlythrowntoeachsoldierSamreceived3.(he)Afterheopenedthepackandlookedatthethingsinit,hewasgreatly4.(astonish)Hefoundhislastname,Litrenti,wasmarkedoneachthinginhispack"Howstrange!"SamthoughtHedidn'tthinktheone5.threwthefieldpacktohimknewwhohewasSowhywasSam’slastnamemarkedonthethings?Youmaynotbelieveit,butitwasthefieldpackthathisfather6.(use)duringWorldWarISam7.(certain)didn’tknowthatwhenhereceiveditItwasn'tuntilafterthewar8.hefoundoutwhyAfterthewar,hetalked9.thatwithhisfatherAfter10.(talk)forawhile,Sam'sfatherbecamesurethatthepackoncebelongedtohimBoththefatherandthesoncouldn'tbelievethat!Whatacoincidence!Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrectFortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblankZikaVirusTheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)hasdeclaredaglobalemergencyovertheZikavirusThemosquito-bornevirus1.(link)toasurgeinbabiesbornwithmicrocephaly(小头畸形)inBrazilsinceitwasfirstfoundtherelastyearTheWHOwaswidelycriticizedforitsslowresponsetothe2014EbolacrisisinWestAfricaThistime,itiseagertoshowitsresponsivenessTheorganizationtooktherarestepinspiteofalackofstrongevidence2.ZikaisdirectlyresponsibleformicrocephalyTheWHOestimatedtherecouldbeuptofourmillioncasesofZikaintheAmericasthisyear,buttheorganizationhasn’tmadeanyrecommendations3.(restrict)travelortradeThelasttimetheWHOdeclaredapublichealthemergencywasfortheEbolaoutbreakinWestAfrica,4.morethan11,000peoplewerekilledSimilardeclarationsweremadeforpolio(小儿麻搏症)in2013andswinefluin5.Suchemergencydeclarationsaremeantas6.internationalSOSsignalTheyusuallyleadtoincreasedeffortstostoptheoutbreak,aswellas7.(motivate)researchesintopossibletreatmentsandvaccines(疫苗)Zikawasfirstidentifiedin1947inAfricaSofar,therehavebeennoeffectivetreatmentsorvaccinesforthevirusMichaelOsterholm,anAmericanpublichealthexpert,saiditwasstillunclear8.ZikahadevolvedsinceitfirstappearedinAfricaButheaddedthatevenminorgeneticchanges9.haveseriousconsequencesOsterholmsaiditwasimportantfortheWHOtoactquickly,10.thelackofdefinitiveevidence“Forsituationslikethis,youhavetohavea‘noregrets’policy,”hesaid“Maybethiswillbeafalsealarm11.moreinformationisavailablemonthslaterButaccordingtotheevidencewehaverightnow,thesituationhasbeenseriousenough”SectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)DoPeopleNeedSmallTalktoBeHappy?Psychologists(心理学家)havelongsaidthatconnectingwithothersisanimportantpartofhappiness,butjusthowmuchconversationwerequireisunderexamination.Inonestudy,researchersfoundthatsmalltalkmadeuponly10%oftheirconversationrelatedwithhappiness.1、.Scientistsbelievethatsmalltalkcouldpromotebonding.Latelastyear,Princetonresearchersreportedthatsmalltalkkeepsclosenesswithlovedones,andisn’tmerelythestuffofawkwardexchangeswithstrangers.Still,chattingwithstrangerscouldbrightenyourmorning.Inaseriesofexperiments,psychologistsgaveChicagopassengersdifferentdirectionsaboutwhethertotalkwithfellowpassengers一somethingtheytypicallyavoided.2、.Noneofthechattersreportedbeingrejected.Smalltalkcanalsohelpusfeelconnectedtooursurroundings.Peoplewhosmiledat,madeeyecontactwith,andbrieflyspokewiththeirStarbucksbaristas(服务员)reportedagreatersenseofbelongingthanthosewhorushedthroughthetransaction(交易).3、Onereportfoundthatwhenvolunteersbrokethesilencetochatwithgallerygoers,thevisitorsfelthappierandmoreconnectedtotheexhibitthanthosewhowerenotapproached.4、.Inonestudy,peoplewhowererated“lesscurious”byresearchershadtroublegettingaconversationrollingontheirown,andhadgreaterluckbuildingclosenesswithotherswhentheyweresuppliedwithquestionsthatencouragedpersonaldisclosure(透露).Butpeoplewhowereconsidered“curious”needednohelpwhentransformingconversationsaboutordinarythingsintopersonalexchanges.5、.A.Thesameistrueofgallerygoers.B.TheyfoundthatsmalltalkisrelatedwithhappinessC.Butdon’tplaydownsmalltalkjustyet.D.Ofcourse,somepeoplearebetterthanothersatturningsmalltalkintosomethingbigger.E.A“curiousmindset”,theauthorconcluded,canleadto“positivesocialinteractions”.F.Makingsmallta
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