航海英语听力与会话-口述题新参考答案

航海英语听力与会话（第三版）口述题.第一章公共用语1.Pleasesaysomethingaboutyourhometown.MyhometownisXiamen,itisabeautifulcityinsouthchina.myhometownisgoodportcity.Andfamousforitstourism.Everyyeartherearethousandsoftouristscomingfromallpartsofthecountry,theywillenjoythebeautifulscenery.Thefreshairandthebluesky.Thepeoplehereareverykindandhospitable.theyentertaintheirguestswithdeliciouslocalseafood.Ilikemyhometownverymuch.2.Self–introductionMynameisLiMing.Iamtwentyyearsold.MyhometownisXiamen.Itisabeautifulcityinsouthchina.IgraduatedfromXiamenOceanCollagein2006.Ihavebeenaseamanfortwoyears.Iamathirdofficer.Ilikethelifeonboard.Myhobbyisplayingbasketballandfootball.Iaminterestedinlisteningmusicandreadingstorybook.Listeningmusiccanhelpmerelaxandenjoy.Inmysparetime,Ialwayslistenmusicondeck.3.Saysomethingaboutyourfamily.IamfromXiamen.Myfamilyissmall.Therearethreepeopleinmyfamily.Theyaremyfather,mymotherandI.Myfatherisaseaman.Heisacaptain.Helikesnavigatingandfishing.Mymotherisadoctor.SheworkinabighospitalinXiamencity.Sheisverybusy.Iamastudent.NowIamstudyingatXiamenOceanCollage.Iwillgraduatenextyear.Ilikereadingbookandplayingfootball.Wegetalongverywell.Iamveryhappywiththefamily.4.Yourfavoriteportyouhavecallat.MyfavoriteportisXiamen,itisbeautifulcityinsouthchina.Itisgoodportcity.Andfamousforitstourism.Everyyeartherearethousandsoftouristscomingfromallpartsofthecountry,theywillenjoythebeautifulscenery.Thefreshairandthebluesky.Thepeoplehereareverykindandhospitable.theyentertaintheirguestswithdeliciouslocalseafood.IlikeXiamenverymuch.5.YourresponsibilitiesonboardIworkasanA.B.onboard.Mydutyonboardiskeepingwatchesanddoingmaintenancework.Beforesailing,Itestthewheel,checkthenavigationlights,preparethesignalflags.Whenenteringorleavingtheport,Ikeepthenavigationwatch.Duringthevoyage,Isteerthewheel,andkeeplookout.Whenatseaandtrafficdensityislow,Iusuallydomaintenancework.Suchasderusting,paintingorsplicingworkandsoon.Whenberthingorunberthing,Idomooringandunmooringwork.Mypositioninthesecasesisforecastleorpoop.Whenlyingalongside,Ikeepthegangwaywatch.第三章靠离与锚泊业务1.Asanofficeronduty,howdoyoukeepwatchwhiletheshipisatanchor?Whentheshipisatanchor,theofficerbeingonduty,Ishouldcomplywiththecaptain’sorder,keepcontinuouslisteningwatchonVHF,andcheckanchorpositionfrequentlybyGPSfixingandradarfixing.Ifanyshipiscoming,Ishouldkeepingwatchthecomingvessel,payattentiontoherpositiontopreventthetwoshipsfromcollision.incaseofanchordragging,Iwillinformmaster,informtheengineroomtostandbyengine,andinformtheharbourcontrol.2.DescribetheproperwayofusingVHFa)HowtooperateVHF?b)GeneralrulesofusingVHF.c)RulesofusingVHFchannel16.WhenyouoperateVHF,youshouldcomplywiththeradioregulations.Ifyouwanttospeak,youshouldpushthebutton,andifyouwanttolisten,youshouldreleasethebutton.ThegeneralrulesofusingVHFareasfollows:(1)callingonchannel16forthepurposeotherthandistressurgencyandverybriefsafetycommunication;(2)communicationnotrelatedtosafetyandnavigationonportoperationchannelsandnon-essentialtransmissionswillneverbeenpermittedtobroadcastedonchannel16;(3)theimportantmessagesshouldberepeated;(4)thefirstshouldbelisteningeveryhalfanhour.3.Theproceduresbeforearrivalataport.Beforeashiparrivesataport,thecrewmembershouldmakethefollowingpreparations.Onthebridge,theofficerondutyshouldfirstinformtheengineroomtostandbyengineandthencallthecaptaintocomeontothebridge.atlasttestallthenavigationequipmenttoseeiftheyareingoodworkingorder.Intheengineroom,theengineerondutyshouldreceivethebridgeorders,andthenstandbyengine.Atlast,informthebridgethatengineisready.4.Describetheproceduresbeforeleavingaport.Beforeashipleavesaport,thecrewmembershouldmakethefollowingpreparations.Onthebridge,theofficerondutyshouldcomesonthebridgeandinformthedutyengineerintheengineroomtostandbyengine.ALLthenavigationequipmentmustbeseeiftheyareingoodworkingorder,Intheengineroom,theengineerondutymustfollowtheordersandalsochecktheequipmentoftheengineroom.Ondeck,thesailorsondutyclosethehatchesandsecureallthecargoestopreventthemfrommoving.Thedutyofficerinformstheforeandaftcrewmemberstostandbydeparture.5.Describetheproceduresofpilotage.Whenashipisarrivingataport,sheusuallyneedsapilot.theofficerondutycallsthepilotwithVHF,reportingtheETAtothepilot,askingwhenandwherethepilotwillcomeonboardtheshipandonwhichsidethepilotladderwillberigged.Thentheofficerondutyatthebridgeinformsthebosuntorigtheladderaccordingtothepilot’srequest.Whenthepilotboatcomesneartheship,itshouldreducespeedtoeasetheembarkation.Theofficerondutyreceiverthepilotondeckandtookhimtothebridge;thecaptaingivesthepilotcardtohimandintroducessomeparticularsoftheship.装卸作业1.Describetheproceduresofcarryingdangerouscargoonboard.

a)Theacquisitionofinformationaboutthedangerouscargo.

b)Precautiononloadinganddischarging.

c)Maintenanceduringthevoyage.

Whatname,IMO-Class,packageofthedangerouscargoesare.Thesealsoshouldbenoticedtostevedores.ThechiefofficershouldmakeastowageplanaccordingtotheIMDG.

Beforeloadingordischargingdangerouscargoes,theofficersshouldtellstevedoreshowtostoworleavethecargoes,wheretheyarestowedandhowtosegregationthem.HoistedletterBflagandapprovedbytheharbormaster.Nearthespot,noticeNOSMOKING.

Whenavesselcarryingdangerouscargoes,thecarriershouldtakecareofthedangerouscargoes.Tocontrolthetemperatureandventilationduringthevoyage.

2.Describetheproceduresbeforeenteringanenclosedspace.Beforeweenteranenclosedspace,ventilationshouldbecarriedoutinadvance;theconcentrationofoxygenshouldbechecked.Wewillbeprohibitedfromenteringthespaceifitislow.Inthatcase,weshallwearbreathingapparatus.Somecrewshallkeepwatchattheentranceandexit.Theinterphoneshallbecarriedtocontactothersintime.electrictorchandilluminatingdeviceshallbecarried.Intheeventofdangers,weshallcallforhelpandwithdraw.3.Describetheproceduresofcargostowage.

Whatname,IMO-Class,packageofthedangerouscargoesare.Thesealsoshouldbenoticedtostevedores.Thechiefofficeralsoaskhowmanytonsofdangerouscargoeswillbecarried.

Beforeloadingordischargingdangerouscargoes,theofficersshouldtellstevedoreshowtostoworleavethecargoes,wheretheyarestowedandhowtosegregationthem.HoistedletterBflagandapprovedbytheharbormaster.Nearthespot,noticeNOSMOKING.Thecarriershouldtakecareofthedangerouscargoes.Tocontrolthetemperatureandventilateduringthevoyage.

Whenavesselcarryingdangerouscargoes,ThechiefofficershouldmakeastowageplanaccordingtotheIMDG.Ifanymodificationofstowageplan,thismustbenoticedtothechiefofficerandbeapprovedbythechiefofficer.

4.Describetheactionstobetakenincaseofanoilspillonboard.Ifanoilspillhappensonboard,thepersononthespotshallreporttobridgeimmediatelyandtakesomemeasuressuchasshutofftheoilpump.Thebridgewillsoundthealarm.Onhearingthealarm,allthecrewshallcarrytoolstoremovethespilledoilimmediately.Beforebunkering,precautionsmustbetaken,suchaspluggingdeckscuppers,placingoilremovingtoolsandfire–fightingequipmentonthebunkeringspot,closelymonitoringoillevel,ensuringthecommunicationbetweenwatchmenandbunkeringtanker.5.Describehowtoensureaproperstowageforgeneralcargo.

Thetermstowagefactormeansthecargo’svolumebeendividedbyitsweight.Itisveryimportant.Fromit,wecancalculatehowmanycargoescanbecarried.Forexample,ifoneship’scapacityis12000cubicmetersandakindofcargo’sstowagefactoris1.5cubicmetersperton,wecalculatethatshipcancarrythecargo8000tonsinweight.Ofcourse,theship’snetdeadweightisequalorbigger8000tons.

Whenweusecargo’sstowagefactortocalculatesship’scapacity,wemustconsiderthebrokenspaceandship’snetdeadweight.Wealsoshouldconsiderthathowmanyholdstheshiphasandthekindsofcargo.Asususually,wearrangethesecargo,whichhassmallstowagefactor,inlowhold,andthosecargo,whichhasbigstowagefactor,inthetween-deck.第五章航行1.Thedutiesofwatch–keepingwhenunderway.Whenunderway,aproperlookoutshallbekeptcontinuously.givewaytothecomingvesselearlyandgiveherawideberth.KeeplisteningonVHF16.takeship’spositionfrequentlytoensuretheshipontheplannedcourses.standbytoproceedinreducedvisibility.Checkthenavigationalinstrumentsfrequentlytoseeiftheyareingoodworkingorder.Anyway,variousmeansshallbeemployedtoensurethenavigationalsafetyoftheship.2.Describethebridgeshiftchange.Therelievingofficermustrelievethewatchontime,reportingtothebridgeearlyenoughbecomeinformedofthesituationbeforetakingoverthewatch.Therelievingofficermustreadandunderstandtheentriesinthemaster’sNightOrderBookandsignittoindicateunderstandingofthemaster’sorder.Hemustconfirmtheship’spresentposition.Reviewrelatedchartsandpublications,discussthenavigationalsituationwiththeofficeronwatchandchecktheship’sgyrocourserecorder.Ifsatisfiedthatalltheaboveinformationiscorrect,inorderandunderstood,therelievingofficerwillfinallyrelievetheofficeronwatch.Thewatchofficermustnotsurrenderthewatchuntilassuredthattherelievingofficerisphysicallycapableandfullyunderstandthesteamingsituation.Thewatchisnottoberelievedduringamaneuver.3.Describethedifferencebetweennavigationinanarrowchannelandinatrafficseparationscheme.Narrowchannelisrelativelysmallinwidthwherevesselmaneuverabilityisrestricted.whenproceedingalongthecourseofanarrowchannel,avesselshallkeepasneartotheouterlimitofthechannelwhichliesonherstarboardsideasissafeandpracticable.TrafficSeparationSchememeansaschemewheretrafficlanesareseparatedbyseparationlineandseparationzone.Itistoreducetrafficcollisionandimprovesafenavigation.VesselusingTSSshouldnavigatealongthetrafficflowdirectionforthatlane.Themajordifferencesbetweenthemarethatvesselproceedinginnarrowchannelhavelimitinmaneuverabilityandkeeptothestarboardsideofthechannel.ButinTSSvesseloughttofollowthedirectionoftrafficflowindicatedintheappropriatechart.Theyarenotallowedintheoppositedirectionofthetraffic.4.Describeadvantagesofvarioustoolsortechnologiesforproperlookout.Properlookoutincludesbutisnotlimitedbythefollowing:visuallookout,hearing,Radar,VHF,Telescope,etc...Byvisuallookout,theprevailingcircumstancesandconditionsinthevicinityothevesselcanbeclearlyknown.ByusingRadar,therangeandbearingofobjectscanbedetectedsoasdetermineifriskofcollisionexist.Accordingtothefigures,youcandecidewhen,whereandhowtoavoidtheunfavorablesituations.ItisconvenientfornavigatorstocommunicateeasilywitheachotherthroughVHF.Thepurposeofproperlookoutistomaintainsafety.Accordingtotheprevailingcircumstancesandconditions,varioustoolandtechnologiesareused,tokeepthevessel’ssafety.5.Describethepreparationtobedonebytheresponsibilityofpriortoarrival.

Thechiefofficeristheheadofthedeckdepartment.Heisassistedbyasecondofficer,athirdofficer,abosun,acarpenter,andsomeAB.Thechiefisresponsibleforcaringcargo,forexample,makingstowageplanning,holdspreparation,loading,stowage,discharging.Thesecondofficerisresponsibleforwatchpertainingtonavigationpublicationsandequipment.Thethirdofficerisresponsibleforwatchdutiespertainingtofire-fightingappliancesandlife-savingappliancesandmaintenance.Theareallassignedtobridgetobeproperperformancewatchstandingandnavigationalduties.

Thechiefofficerisresponsibletothemasterfortheoperation,administration,andsupervisionofthedeckdepartmentThechiefofficer,carpenterand2-3ABareassignedtotheforestation.Andthesometime,thesecond,bosunand2-3ABareassignedtotheaftstation.Theyshouldpreparetomastfastlines.Thethirdisatthebridge,hisdutyistocarryoutthecaptain’sorpilot’sorder

第六章：修船与船体保养1.Describertheformalitiesbeforecarryingoutaship’srepair.

a)Thenecessityofcarryingoutaship’srepair.

b)Theformalitiesbeforeaship’srepairbegin.

c)Specialattentionpaidtotherepair.

Thereasonsofcarryingoutaship’srepairareasfollows.(1)Themostofseavesselsaremadeofsteel,theyareeasydeterioratedandcorroded.(2)Thedeckequipmentsmaybedamaged.(3)Thevesselsshouldbeensuredmaintainoutwardpresentableappearance.(3)Inordertoensurethatthevesselsareinseaworthiness,safetyandpropertotakeincargo.

Beforeaship’srepairbegins,thechiefofficershouldmakearepairplan.Intherepairplan,heshouldstatewhatshouldberepaired,howtorepairthem.Ofcourse,therepairplanmustbeallowedbythecaptainandthecompany.

Aship’srepairisdividedintokinds.Forexample,itisdividedintominorrepairandmajorrepair;selfrepairanddockrepair;voyagerepairandannualrepair;periodicalrepairandintermediaterepair.Thespecialattentionispaidtotherepairareasfollows:(1)Whatcanbeputintovoyagerepair,selfrepair.(2)Whereplatesshouldbechanged.(3)Whatmaterialsshouldbeneeded.(4)Howtocompletetherepair.

2.Describetheproceduresofcarryingouthullmaintenance.

a)Thepreparationsbeforecarryingouthullmaintenance.

b)Thecontentsofhullmaintenance.

c)Thecautionstobetakenwhilecarryingouthullmaintenance.

Afteravesselleavesherbuildingyardtogointooperation,shewillneedtobekeptatalltimesinawell-maintainedcondition.Thehullisoneofthemainvessel’spart,itiseasydeterioratedandcorroded.Becausesomeofhullisbelowthewaterline,soitneeddockrepair.Beforebeingdock,thefollowsshouldbeprepared;(1)shoreelectricpowertobefurnished;(2)coolingwaterforrefrigeratorstobeconnected;(3)freshwatertobefurnishedasrequired;(4)firelinetobeconnected;(5)dailygarbagetobedisposed.

Thehullmaintenanceisinclude;(1)hullcleaning;(2)metalplatesde-rusting;(3)metalplatespaintingorchanged.

Thecautionsshouldbetakenwhilecarryingouthullmaintenanceareasfollows:(1)shoreelectricpowertobefurnished;(2)coolingwaterforrefrigeratorstobeconnected;(3)freshwatertobefurnishedasrequired;(4)firelinetobeconnected;(5)dailygarbagetobedisposed.

3.DescribetheproceduresofcarryingoutanoverhaulfornavigationalaidsItisnecessarytocarryoutoverhaulofnavigationalaids.Thecontentofoverhaulincludesthefollowings:thedailymaintenance,weeklymaintenance,monthlymaintenanceandannualmaintenance,etc….ifadeviceexpires,weshouldapplytothecompanyforanewone.Thenavigationalaidsonboardarevarious.WemustmaintainandtestthecarefullyaccordingtoISMdocuments:makingouttheplanofmaintenanceandtest,carryingouttheworkwithallitems,andfinishingthemontime.Ifanyproblemisfound,weshallsolvethematonce.4.Describertheproceduresofcarryingoutthemaintenanceofriggings（舾装设备，索具）.

a)Thepreparationsofcarryingoutthemaintenanceofriggings.

b)Thecontentsofthemaintenanceofriggings.

c)Tthecautionstobetakenwhilecarryingoutthemaintenance.

Therearemanyriggingsonavessel.Theywillbedamagedduringoperation.Inordertoensureequipmentsingoodcondition,thedamagedriggingsshouldberepaired.Whenyoucarryoutmaintenanceofriggings,firstyoushouldbemakeaplan,thentopreparematerialsandorganizehandstodoit.

Thecontentsofthemaintenanceofriggingsisasfollows;(1)checkthemanddecidewhatshouldberepair,orrenew;(2)makeaplantodoit;(3)preparematerials;(4)oilandtestthem.

第七章事故处理1.Describetheproceduresinhandlingfireonboard.First,findoutthelocationofthefire,soundthefirealarmsandannouncethefirelocation.Ifthefireisnotserious,takefire-fightingmeasuresonspot.Allthecrewshalloperateaccordingtothemusterlist.Afterthefirehasbeenextinguished,thefiredetectorshalldetectthefireagaintoconfirmthatthefirehasalreadybeenputout.Afterthatthefiresiteshallbecleaned.Anyway,itisveryimportanttoavoidfiresonboard.2.Describebrieflytheemergencyproceduresinhandlingshipborneoilpollution.Oncetheoilpollutionhappensonboard,thefollowingproceduresshouldbecarriedout.First,soundthegeneralemergencyalarmandrepeatatleastthreetimes,followingbyanannouncementofthelocation.second,informthemasterandthemasterandtheengineroom.Third,stopthepumpsandoiltransferoperation,andplugallscuppersondeck.fourth,underthecommandofthecaptain,allthecrewmemberswillperformtheirdutyaccordingtothemusterlist.Fifth,informthelocalportadministrationabouttheaccidentwithoutdelay.3.Describebrieflyoneofthecasesthatyouhaveexperiencedorheardofascollision,fire,flooding,orgrounding.

a)Thebriefintroductiontothestory.

b)Yourcommentsonthesuccessesofthemeasures.

c)Yourcommentsontheimpropernessofthemeasures.

Oneday,whenIamwatchTV,Iheardoneexplosivevoice.IrushoutandsawthehatchNO3wasonfire,andatthesametime,Iheardthefirealarm.Allcrewruntothespotandextinguishedthefireaccordingthemusterlist.

Inthisevent,Iwasinchargeofcommandingatthespot.Ourcrewcouldbeinthespotinoneminute,theydetectedthereasonofthefireandcheckedthesurroundingnearthefire.Theytookproperactionstoextinguishthefire.Allthingwasbasedofdrilling.

Inthisevent,wedidnottakecarethecargowell.Wedidnotventilateinpropermeans.ThetemperatureinhatchNO3istoohightoexplosive,andcausingthefire.

4.Describetheproceduresinre-floatingshipaground.

a)Thedifferentsituationsofbeingaground.

b)Themeasurestakentore-floattheshipaground.

c)Specialattentionpaidtore-floattheship.

Whenashipisbeingaground,itmaybetolist,ortrim.Accordingtothedifferentsituations,youcandecidewhereisbeingaground.

Ifyourvesselisaground,Iadviceyoutotakeactionsasfollows:(1)de-ballastorjettisoncargo,itcanmakeyourvesselre-floatbyreducingitsdisplacement;(2)requiretugs’assistance,tugscanpullorpushyourvesselfromtheshallowtodeepwater;(3)waitingthetide,thedepthofwaterwillraisewhenthetideisrising,soyourvesselmayre-float.(4)shiftingcargoesorliquid,adjustingvessel’slist,trim,tomakethevessel’sgroundedpartclearofthebottom,andthenyouwillbere-float.

Whenyoupaytore-floatyourvessel,youshouldtakesomespecialattention,thefirstthingistodecidewhereisgroundandthesituation.Thesecondistodecidethatthevesselismakingwaterornot.

5.Describetheproceduresinhandlingcargodamage.

a)Descriptionsondifferentcargodamages.

b)Thegeneralproceduresforhandlingcargodamages.

c)Specialattentionpaidtothehandlingofdamages.

Thecargodamagescanbedividedintooriginalandworkingdamaged.Ifthedamagedisfoundbeforeloadingordischarging,itisknownasoriginaldamaged,andifthedamagedisfoundduringloadingordischarging,itisknownasworking.Exceptfororiginaldamagedbeforedischarging,othersisnotbeenresponsiblebythecarrier.

Accordingtothecharterparty,thedamagedcargomustbesurveyedonthespot.Whenyouhandlecargodamaged,youhadbettersubmitthecasetothecargosurveyandcallhimaboardtoascertaintheextentofthedamagedcargo,soastodeterminewhowillbeheldresponsible.Thechiefcanonlysignalistthatconformstothecargosurvey’sreport.

第八章消防与船员自救1.Describefireprecautionsonboard.Havefirepatrolsinallspacesregularly.Becarefultoextinguishcigarettescompletely.Neversmokeinbed.Neversmokeondeckexceptinareaslabeledassmokingareas.Neverthrowacigaretteoverboard.Thenakedlightandopenfireisstrictlyprohibited.Neveruseanelectricironincabin.Carryoutfirefightingdrilleverymonth.Thefirefightingequipmentshallbecheckingatregularintervals.ifanythingisfound,itshallbesolvedintimetoensuretheyarereadyforuseatanytime,thefirefightingdrillsshallbecarriedouteverymonthtoassimilateeverycrewmemberwithhisownduties.Afterthefirealarmissounded,allthecrewshallgototheassemblystation.thecommandedwillcalltherollandreportthenumbertothebridge.thebridgewilltakemeasuresaccordingtodifferentsituations,theroutinefirefightingworkisveryimportant.Everypersononboardshallpayattentiontofireprecautionstoensurethesafetyofshipandpersonnel.2.Describethedamagecontrolonboard.Damagecontrolplancanbefoundonthebridgeonboard.Seniorcrewshallbefamiliarwiththepositionsofequipmentonboardandship’sstructureandhavethemchecked.Ifanydamageisfound,actionsshallbetaken.Musterdamagecontrolteams.Getalldamagecontrolmaterialready.Determinethelocationandthennecessarymeasures.Findtheleakandtrytostopfloodingwithdamagecontrolmaterial.Switchonpumpstopumpthefloodingwaterout.Postadamagecontrolwatchandcheckleak.Secureallwatertightdoorsandotheropenings..Ropeoffthefloodingarea.Ifthedamageisserious,reporttothemastertoabandontheship.3Describethemeasurestakenonboardifaground.Ifashipisaground.Muststopengine.Soundgeneralemergencyalarm.Exhibitlights/shapesandmakeanyappropriatesoundsignals.Checkhullfordamage.Soundbilgeandtanks.Soundaroundshiptodeterminewhichwaydeepwaterliesandthenatureoftheseabed.Obtaininformationonlocalcurrentsandtides.Reducethedraftoftheshiporwaittheriseofthetideforre-floating4describethemeasurestakenonboardifonfire.Ifafireisfoundonboard.Wemustsoundthefirealarm.Callmastertothebridgeifheisnotonthebridge.Mustercrew.Eachcrewmemberhastocarryouthisassignedduty.Determinetheclassoffire.Useappropriateextinguisherstoputthefireoff.Closedownventilationfansandalldoorstopreventthespreadofthefire.Checkformissingandinjuredpersons.Whenthefireisextinguished,postafirewatchandcheckthefireareatopreventthere-ignitionofthefire.Ropeoffthefirearea.第九章救助1Describetheproceduresofsearchandrescueoperations.Takehearingofdistressmessage.Re-transmitdistressmessage.Maintaincontinuouslisteningwatchonalldistressfrequencies.EstablishcommunicationswithallothersurfaceunitsandSARaircraftinvolvedintheSARoperation.Plotposition,coursesandspeedsofotherassistingunits.MonitorX-bandradarforlocatingsurvivalcrafttransponder(SART)signalusing6or12nauticalmilerangescales.Postextralook-outsforsightingflaresandotherpyrotechnicsignals.2Describetheresponseswhenapersonfallsoverboard.Releaselifebuoywithlightandsmokesignalonthesidethecrewmemberhasfallenoverboard.Takeimmediateavoidingactionsoasnottorunoverthemanoverthemanoverboard.Soundthreeprolongedblastsoftheship’swhistle.Postalookouttomaintainacontinuouswatchonthemanoverboard.Hoistsignalflag‘O’.Commencearecoverymaneuver,suchasaWilliamsonturn.Noteship’sposition,windspeedanddirectionandtime.Informengineroom.Placeengineonstand-by.Mustrescueboat’screw.Rigpilotladder/netstoassistintherecovery.BroadcastURGENCYmessagetoshipsinthevicinity.3.DescribebrieflytheGMDSS.GMDSSmeansGlobalMaritimeDistressandSafetysystem.Itwillestablishcommunicationbetweenshipandshoreintime,andavoidanddecreaseaccidentsatsea,toensurethesafetyofcrewandship.GMDSSconsistsofINMASAT;VHF,MF/HF,DSC,SART,EPIRB,NAVTEX,SSB,andsoon.GMDSScanprovidetoshipsweatherforecast,navigationandsafetywarning,andtheaccuratepositionofvesselindistress.Incaseofemergence,vesselswilltransmitdistressmessagestocoaststation,antthevesselindistresswillberescued.4.DescribebrieflytheDSCdistressalert.DSCisapartofGMDSSonboard.Itisusedtocommunicationsbetweenshipandshore,shipandship.Itistheimportantequipmenttotransmitsignalswhenavesselisindistress.Theformatofdistressalertisasfollows:MMSIposition,time,natureofdistress,andlatermeansofcommunication,suchastelephoneortelex.DSCisveryimportant.Itisveryhelpfulforassistanceindistress,whichmakesitmorepossibleforshipstobesalvaged.第十章遇险1．SendaMaydaymessageaccordingtothegiveninformation.Mayday,Mayday,Mayday.ThisisMVBlueWhale,BlueWhale.MycallsignisWXCP,Whisky,X-ray,Charlie,Papa.Mypresentpositionis47o4’N,50o8’W.thereisexplosionandfireintheengineroom.Wehavebeendoingourbestinfirefightingbuttheshipisstillindanger.Weneedfirefightingassistance.Over.2.SendaMaydaymessageaccordingtothegiveninformation.Mayday,Mayday,Mayday.ThisisMVSouthPacific,SouthPacific.MycallsignisNOPE,November,Oscar,Papa,Echo.Iamaground.Mypresentpositionis22o04’N,127o08’E.Wehavetriedtorefloat.Butthewindistoostrongandtheshipisindanger.Weneedtugassistance.Over.3.SendaPanPanmessageaccordingtothegiveninformation.PanPan,PanPan,PanPan.ThisisMVWhiteSnow,WhiteSnow.MycallsignisALMI,Alpha,Li