2022-2023学年山东省青岛第二中学高一上学期期中考试英语试题 （解析版）

青岛二中2022-2023学年第一学期期中考试高一试题(英语)第一部分听力(共两节，20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Howdoesthewomanfeel?A.Regretful. B.Joyful. C.Satisfied.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:IknewIshouldhavebroughtmyothershoes.M:Why,doyourfeethurt?W:Yes!Remindmetonevertakehighheelsinthewoodsagain.2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Someclassnotes. B.Anewspaper. C.Anessay.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Didyoucheckthepaperformistakes?M:I’vespentthelastfourhoursdoingjustthat.W:Really?Wouldyoulikemetotakealookatit?M:Bemyguest!ItishardtowriteagoodEnglishessay.3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】WhatwillthemanhavetodonextMonday?A.Attendaparty. B.Takeanexam. C.Writeanessay.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Hello,Bob.JimandIwillholdourweddingpartynextSunday.We’dlikeyoutocome.M:Congratulations.I’dloveverymuchtoattend.ButI’llhaveanexamonMondayandanessaydueonWednesday.4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Complaining. B.Praisingthewaiter. C.Sayingthanks.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Heneverbroughtmyseconddrink.M:Iknow.AndIcannevercatchhiseyetoremindhim.W:There’snowaythatI’mleavingatipforthisguy!5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Whatdoesthemanmean?A.Hemayfindsomeonetohelpthewoman.B.HeknowsBaltimoreverywell.C.Hecangivelittleusefulinformation.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:IneedtotalktosomeonewhoknowsBaltimorewell.I’mtoldyoulivedthere.M:Oh,butIwasreallyyoungatthetime.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】6.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Thegirl’shobbies. B.Thegirl’scareerplan. C.Thegirl’scharacter.7.Whatcanwelearnaboutthegirl?A.Sheiscreative. B.Sheisshy. C.Sheisindependent.【答案】6.B7.C【解析】【原文】M:Well,let’shaveawordwithMonicahere.Haveyoumadeupyourmindyet?W:Well,moreorless.IthinkI’mgoingtotakeuphairdressing.M:Anyspecialreason?W:Notreally.ExceptthatI’mquitegoodatit—orsomyfriendstellme!It’squitecreative…andyoumeetalotofpeople.M:Andyou’llhavetopleasethemtoo.W:Well,youdoinanyjob,don’tyou?M:Andwhatdoyourparentsthinkaboutit?W:They’renottookeen—that’stheonlytrouble.M:Havetheygototherplansforyou,then?W:Yes,theymaytryandsendmetoasecretarialcollege.M:Andwhatwillyoudointhatcase?W:Ihaven’tdecidedyet—butIusuallygetmyownwayintheend.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】8.Whatdoweknowaboutthegirl?A.She’sacollegestudent. B.She’sSpanish. C.She’llgoabroad.9.Whatdoestheboysuggestthegirldo?A.Dropalanguage. B.Takeatest. C.Tryanotherschool.【答案】8.A9.B【解析】【原文】M:Hi,Susan.Howareyoutoday?W:I’mconfused.M:Allright.HowcanIhelpyou?W:Accordingtotheuniversitycatalog,Ineedtotaketwosemestersofaforeignlanguage.M:Yes,that’sright.Allundergraduatestudentsarerequiredtotaketwoforeignlanguagecourses.W:ButIalreadystudiedSpanishinhighschool.M:Oh.HowmanySpanishclassesdidyoutake?W:ItookfouryearsofhighschoolSpanishcourses.M:Inthatcase,youmaynotneedtotaketwosemestershere.W:Really?M:Youcantakeaplacementtest(分班测试).Ifyougetahightestscore,youcanplaceoutofthefirstsemesterofSpanish.Youwillonlyneedtotakeonesemester.听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues. B.Strangers. C.Friends.11.Whatdoweknowabouttheman?A.Helosthismoney. B.He’stiredofhisjob. C.Helosthisjob.12.Wheredidthemanstaythesethreedays?A.Atacoffeebar. B.Athome. C.Atthewoman’s.【答案】10.C11.C12.A【解析】【原文】W:Hi,stranger!Ihaven’tseenyouforages.What’sup?M:Hi.Ihavesomebadnews.Igotfired.W:Oh,no!Youmustbekidding.Youtoldmelasttimeitwasagoodjobandyou’dliketotakeitasacareer.Thatwasonlyoneweekago.Howcome?M:It’salongstory.Inaword,Ididn’tdoagoodjobofit.Imessedupabusinessdeal,adealthatwouldmaketenmilliondollarsandImesseditup.W:I’msorry,man.Thenwhatareyougoingtodonow?M:I’mlookingforajob.Marydoesn’tknowyet.Ispentthelastthreedaysatacoffeeshop.ShethoughtIwenttoworkasusual.W:That’snotthewaytosolvetheproblem.Didyouchecktheclassifiedads?M:Yes,butIdon’tthinkthey’llworkout.Ifoundsomegoodones,butI’mnotqualifiedthough.W:Oh,poorguy!听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】13.Whereistheflowershop?A.Onthe1stfloor. B.Onthe2ndfloor. C.Onthe3rdfloor.14.Whomostprobablyisthewoman?A.Abookstorekeeper. B.Aninformationclerk. C.Acustomer.15.Whereisthetennisshop?A.Justdownstairs. B.Nexttoabookstore. C.Besideanescalator.16.Whatdoesthewomandoatlast?A.Showsthemanaround. B.Givesthemanamap. C.Buysthemanalunch.【答案】13.C14.B15.C16.B【解析】【原文】W:Hello,mayIhelpyou?M:Ineedsomeinformation,please.I’mnewintownandthisismyfirsttimeatthemall.W:Oh,it’sverybigbuteasytogettoknow.M:IhavealistofplacesIneedtofind.First,Ineedabookstore.W:Thebookstoreisdownthehalltoyourleft,thethirdstoreontheright.M:OK.Andthetennisshop?W:That’suponthethirdfloor.It’srightinfrontwhenyougetofftheescalator(自动扶梯).Iseeyoualsoneedtheflowershop.M:Yeah.Iwanttosendsomeflowerstomymother.It’sherbirthday.W:It’srightnexttothetennisshop.Youcan’tmissit.M:Good.Now,where’sthefoodcourt?I’mhungry.W:Ifyouwalkpastthebookstoreyoucantakeeithertheelevatorortheescalatortothelowerlevel.You’llfinditthere.M:Thanks.You’vebeenagreathelp.W:Ihopeyoufindeverything.IfyougetlostjustcomebackandI’lltrytohelpyou.M:IfIgetlosthowdoIfindyou?W:Ishouldhavegivenyouoneofthesemapsatthestart.It’llhelpyoufindeverything,includingme.M:Thanks.MaybeI’lljustgetlostonpurpose.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.Whichofthefollowingdoesthetravelagencyoffer?A.Transportation. B.Backpacks. C.Babycare.18.Whichspecialnightactivityismentioned?A.Hiking. B.Swimming. C.Seeingmovies.19.Whatisincludedinthespecialfamilyprice?A.Twocomfortableroomsarefree.B.Twochildrencancomefree.C.Threemealsadayarefree.20.Whatisthepurposeofthespeech?A.Toadvertiseatourpackage.B.Tointroducealake.C.Toencouragesports.【答案】17.A18.C19.B20.A【解析】【原文】M:Goodmorning,friends!TheAceTravelAgencywantstohelpyourfamilyplanitsnextouting.Theperfectplacetospendaweekendisatourownplaceatthelake.Therethekidscangoswimmingorhikingorplaytennisandvolleyball.MomandDadcantakepartinthoseactivitiesorjustrelaxandenjoytheoutdoors.Allyouhavetodoispackyourbags.Weevenhavetransportationfromourofficeinthemalltothelake.Everythingistakencareof.Youhavetherestaurantwhereyoucaneatanythingyoulike.Threemealsadayareavailable,plusalatenightsnackwithsandwichesandcakes.Atnighttherearespecialactivitiesandsportsforeveryone.Watchingmovies,singing,playinggamesarejustafewofthethingsyoucandointheevening.Andattheendoftheday,youhaveyourcomfortableroomwithaprivatebath.You’llenjoysleepingallnightinthisrelaxing,quietplace.Thismonthwe’reofferingyouaspecialfamilyprice.Twoadultsandtwochildrencancomefortwodaysatthepricefortwoadults,andeverythingisincluded.Thar’sright!Thekidscomefree.CalltheAceTravelAgencytomakeareservationforaweekendoffun.Pleasehurrybecauseweonlyhaveroomfor12families.Callnowfornextweekend.第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。AThereareavarietyofmuseumsinLondon.Ofcourse,thereareworld-famousnamesliketheBritishMuseumandNaturalHistoryMuseum.Butthentherearemanytinyplainpeculiarmuseumsineverycornerofthecity.18StaffordTerraceTheKensingtonaddressprovidesanopportunitytoseealate-Victorian,middle-classhomethathassurvivedlargelyunchanged.Thehousewaspassedonfromonegenerationofthefamilytothenextandalmostalltheoriginaldecorationremainsunchanged.Thehouseclosesduringsummerformaintenance.Openinghours:2pm-5:30pmWed,Sat,SunBrunelMuseumAnexhibitioncelebratestheThamesTunnelasthebirthplaceofthetubesystem,andtheGreatEasternsteamshipasthefirstmodernoceanliner.ThesiteisaScheduledAncientMonumentandInternationalLandmarkSiteabovetheoldesttunnelintheUnderground,whichtellsthestoryofthemenwhoworkedinthedark,dodgingflamesandrawsewageeveryday.Openinghours:Daily10am-5pmTheCinemaMuseumThiscollectionofartifactsandequipmenttellingthehistoryofcinemafromthe1890stothepresentisopenbytourwhilethemuseumraisesfundstosecureitsfuture.Amongthedisplaysarecinemaseatsandsigns,stillsandposters,projectorsandothermachinery.Openinghours:11am-5pmMon-FribyadvanceappointmentonlyDennisSevers’HouseDennisSevers’Houseisatimecapsuleattractioninwhichvisitorsareimmersedinauniqueformoftheatre.Thetourtakesyouthroughthecellar,kitchen,diningroom,smokingroomandupstairstothebedrooms.Itfeelsasthoughtheinhabitantshadabandonedtheroomsonlymomentsbefore.TheDennisSeversHousetourisunsuitableforchildrenastoursareconductedinsilence.Openinghours:Wed,Fri5pm-9pm21.IfyouareinterestedinthelifeofVictorian,whichmuseumshouldyouchoosetovisit?A.18StaffordTerrace. B.BrunelMuseum.C.TheCinemaMuseum. D.DennisSevers’House.22.WhatareyourequiredtodobeforevisitingTheCinemaMuseum?A.Learnthehistoryofcinema. B.Collectposters.C.Raisemoney. D.Bookahead.23.Whatdothelistedmuseumshaveincommon?A.Theyareworld-known. B.Theyfeaturetubesystem.C.TheyareaccessibleonWednesday. D.Theyaresuitableforchildren.【答案】21.A22.D23.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了位于伦敦的四个博物馆。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据18StaffordTerrace部分中的“TheKensingtonaddressprovidesanopportunitytoseealate-Victorian,middle-classhomethathassurvivedlargelyunchanged.(肯辛顿的住址让我们有机会看到维多利亚晚期的中产阶级住宅，它基本上没有发生变化)”可知，如果你对维多利亚时代的生活感兴趣，你应该选择参观18StaffordTerrace。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据TheCinemaMuseum部分中的“Openinghours:11am-5pmMon-Fribyadvanceappointmentonly(开放时间：周一至周五上午11点至下午5点，只接受预约)”可知，参观TheCinemaMuseum之前，你需要提前预订。故选D。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据18StaffordTerrace部分中的“Openinghours:2pm-5:30pmWed,Sat,Sun(开放时间：星期三、星期六、星期日下午2:00-5:30)”可知，18StaffordTerrace的开放时间中包含星期三；根据BrunelMuseum部分中的“Openinghours:Daily10am-5pm(开放时间：每天上午10点至下午5点)”可知，BrunelMuseum的开放时间中也包含星期三；根据TheCinemaMuseum部分中的“Openinghours:11am-5pmMon-Fribyadvanceappointmentonly(开放时间：周一至周五上午11点至下午5点，只接受预约)”可知，TheCinemaMuseum的开放时间中也包含星期三；根据DennisSevers’House部分中的“Openinghours:Wed,Fri5pm-9pm(开放时间：星期三、星期五下午5:00-9:00)”可知，DennisSevers’House的开放时间中也包含星期三。由此可知，文中列出的博物馆的共同点是它们都可以在星期三进入参观。故选C。BTwoweeksago,a5-year-oldgirlnamedSunshineOelfkeemptiedoutherpiggybank(存钱罐)ontothelivingroomfloorandimmediatelystartedcounting.Hergrandmother,JackieOelfke,thoughtshewasplayingasshecarefullylinedupthecoins,butthenshesawthegirlputthecoinsintoaplasticbagandplaceitinherbackpack.“Whatareyoudoingwiththatmoney?”Jackieaskedhergranddaughter.“I’mtakingittoschool,”Sunshinereplied.“I’mgoingtotakeitformilkmoney.MyfriendLayladoesn’tgetmilk—hermomdoesn’thavemilkmoneyandIdo.”Jackie’sheartmeltedatSunshine’swords.Chokedwithstrongfeelings,Jackieheldhersweetgranddaughtertightlyinherarms.LastweekJackieandSunshinemetwithherteacher,RitaHausher,andhandedherthe$30thekindergartnerhadsaved.Thereare20kidsinSunshine’sclassandabouthalfdon’tgetmilk.Itcosts$0.45acarton(纸盒).Thetotaladdsuptoabout$180amonthforeverychildintheclasstohavemilkeveryday.AfterdroppingSunshineoffatschool,JackiepostedatearfulvideoonFacebooktoexplainhergranddaughter’splan.Tohersurprise,manypeopleofferedtodonatetowardthecause.Withinaweek,Jackieraisedmorethan$1,000.NoweverystudentinSunshine’sclasscangetfreemilkfortherestoftheyear.JackiesaidSunshinedoesn’tseeherkindactasabigdeal.Shewasjusttryingtolookoutforherfriends.“Shedoesn’tunderstandtheeffectshe’sbroughtabout,”Jackiesaid.“Butnowsheknowsshecandowhateversheputshermindto.”24.WhydidSunshineemptyherpiggybank?A.Shehopedtoshowoffhersavingsinclass. B.Sheneededtotrainhercountingskills.C.Shewantedtoplaywiththecoins. D.Sheintendedtopayforherfriend’smilk.25.HowdidJackiefeeluponhearingSunshine’swords?A.Relieved. B.Touched. C.Curious. D.Proud.26.InJackie’seyes,whatdidSunshinelearnfromtheexperience?A.Twoheadsarebetterthanone. B.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.C.Nothingisimpossibletoawillingheart. D.There’snosuchthingasafreelunch.27.Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?A.SmallCoins,BigChanges. B.Jackie’sPiggyBank.C.PiggyBankandCartonMilk. D.AMovedGrandmother.【答案】24.D25.B26.C27.A【解析】【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述小女孩Sunshine用自己存钱罐里面的零钱帮助朋友买牛奶，并起到了连锁反应，最后在许多人的捐赠下，让班里的所有孩子们都能喝到免费的牛奶。【24题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“I’mgoingtotakeitformilkmoney.MyfriendLayladoesn’tgetmilk—hermomdoesn’thavemilkmoneyandIdo.(我要拿它当牛奶钱。我的朋友蕾拉没有牛奶——她妈妈没有牛奶钱，我也有)”可知，Sunshine掏空她的存钱罐是为了给她的朋友买牛奶。故选D。【25题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Jackie’sheartmeltedatSunshine’swords.Chokedwithstrongfeelings,Jackieheldhersweetgranddaughtertightlyinherarms.(Sunshine的话使Jackie的心都融化了。被强烈的感情所窒息，Jackie紧紧地把她甜美的孙女抱在怀里)”可推知，Sunshine的话使Jackie触动很深，很感动。故选B。【26题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段“JackiesaidSunshinedoesn’tseeherkindactasabigdeal.Shewasjusttryingtolookoutforherfriends.“Shedoesn’tunderstandtheeffectshe’sbroughtabout,”Jackiesaid.“Butnowsheknowsshecandowhateversheputshermindto.”(Jackie说Sunshine并不认为她的善良行为有什么大不了的。她只是想照顾她的朋友。“她不明白自己所带来的影响，”Jackie说。“但现在她知道只要用心，她可以做到任何她想做的事情。”)”可推知，在Jackie看来，只要Sunshine用心，她可以做到任何她想做的事情。故选C。【27题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Twoweeksago,a5-year-oldgirlnamedSunshineOelfkeemptiedoutherpiggybank(存钱罐)ontothelivingroomfloorandimmediatelystartedcounting.Hergrandmother,JackieOelfke,thoughtshewasplayingasshecarefullylinedupthecoins,butthenshesawthegirlputthecoinsintoaplasticbagandplaceitinherbackpack.(两周前，一个名叫SunshineOelfke的5岁女孩把她的存钱罐倒在客厅地板上，并立即开始数。她的祖母JackieOelfke在仔细排列硬币时以为自己在玩，但后来她看到女孩把硬币放进一个塑料袋，放在背包里)”及下文内容可知，本文主要讲述小女孩Sunshine用自己存钱罐里面的零钱帮助朋友买牛奶，并起到了连锁反应，最后在许多人的捐赠下，让班里的所有孩子们都能喝到免费的牛奶。由此可知，SmallCoins,BigChanges(小硬币，大变革)适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。CParentswhowanttheirkidstosucceedmorethananythingarenowbeingsoldahigh-techsolution.Class120is$199-a-yearsmartphoneappthattracksteenagersandalertsparentsifthekidisn’tinhisorherscheduledclass.Isitagoodideaforparentstotrackwhethertheiryoungadultsareinclass?Inshort:No.Thisisaterribleidea.Oneofthefundamentalpurposesofacollegeislearningtobeanindependentperson.Thatmeanslearninghowtodowhatneedstobedone,whetheroneparticularlyfeelslikedoingitornot.It’seasytoseewhyparentsarekeenontrackingtheirkids.Astudentisadmittedtocollegebyaprocessthatfocusesmainlyongradesandscores.Monitoringgradesandscoresiseasy.Theparentsmaythinkthat:“Ourchildissucceeding.Wearegoodparents.Wearehappy.”Butgradesandscorescan’ttelleverything.Theydon’ttakeintoaccountwhethertheirkidshavethestrengthofself-discipline(自律)andtheskillneededtocareforhimselforherself.Monitoringthedevelopmentofcharacterismuchharderforparents.Charactergrowthhappensthroughencountering(遇到)andlearningtodealwithdisappointmentsandfailure.Youneverknowwhichproblemwillbethepointforgrowth.However,lettingkidsfailcanbereallydifficultforanxiousparents.Theybelievethatsuccessmeansbeingperfectandneverfailing.Thetruthisthatkidsneedtolearntofail.Collegeisanidealplacetopracticeadults’responsibilityandindependenceStudentsneedtomaketheirowndecisionsaboutwhethertogetoutofbedandgotoworkinthemorning.Maybeyourchildhasn’tlearnedthislessonbynow,butheorshehastolearnitsometime.Analarmclock’sjobistowakeyouup,butitdoesnotprovideareason.28.What’sauthor’sattitudetowardtrackingteenagers?A.Supportive. B.Opposed. C.Indifferent. D.Disappointed.29.Accordingtotheauthor,what’sthemostimportantthingshouldacollegestudentlearninschool?A.Avoidingfailure. B.Keepinghealthy.C.Professionalknowledge. D.Livingindependently.30.What’stheauthor’sopiniononfailure?A.Failuremeansthatakidisnotgoodenough.B.Failuremaybethekeypartofkid’sdevelopment.C.Everyoneshouldmanagetoavoidfailureatanytime.D.Failurewillbringmanynegativeinfluencestochildren.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedsentencemeaninthelastparagraph?A.Analarmclockisnecessaryforakid.B.Akidshouldbuyatalkingalarmclock.C.Akidshouldgetupearlyforlearningwithoutanyreason.D.Akidshouldalwaysmaintainasenseofresponsibilityandindependence.【答案】28.B29.D30.B31.D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了如今那些希望自己的孩子获得成功的父母可以购买一款高科技软件来定位孩子们在大学是否正常上课，但这并不是一个好主意。大学生应该有一份责任感和独立自主生活的能力。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段的“Isitagoodideaforparentstotrackwhethertheiryoungadultsareinclass?Inshort:No.Thisisaterribleidea.”可知，父母定位孩子是否上课是否是个好主意？简而言之：不是。这是一个可怕的想法。由此可知，作者对定位青少年一事持反对态度。故选B。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的“Oneofthefundamentalpurposesofacollegeislearningtobeanindependentperson.Thatmeanslearninghowtodowhatneedstobedone,whetheroneparticularlyfeelslikedoingitornot.”可知，大学的基本目的之一就是让大学生学会成为一个独立的人。这意味着大学生要学习如何做需要做的事情，无论他或她是否特别想做。由此可知，在作者看来，大学生在学校应该学习的最重要的东西是独立自主地生活。故选D。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的“Thetruthisthatkidsneedtolearntofail.”可知，事实是孩子们需要在生活中学着去接受失败，在失败中学习，在失败中提升。即作者对失败的看法是失败可能是孩子成长的关键部分。故选B。【31题详解】句意猜测题。根据最后两段的“Collegeisanidealplacetopracticeadults’responsibilityandindependence.Studentsneedtomaketheirowndecisionsaboutwhethertogetoutofbedandgotoworkinthemorning.Maybeyourchildhasn’tlearnedthislessonbynow,butheorshehastolearnitsometime.”可知，大学是培养成年人的责任感和独立性的理想场所。学生需要自行决定是否早上起床去上学。也许你的孩子目前尚未懂得这一点，但他或她必须在某个时候明白这一点。划线句子从表面上理解为：闹钟的作用是唤醒你，但没有给出你起床的原因。即闹钟的作用是提醒你不要错过上学的时间，但是它无法告诉你为什么要起来去上学。结合划线句子前面的内容可知，作为大学生，你应该有一份责任感和独立自主的能力，心中有自己的目标，能够独立地做出决定，而不是因为闹钟响起了就要去上学。因此划线句子实际的意思是“孩子们应该始终保持责任心和独立性”。故选D。DResearchersrecentlyofferedthemostcompleteexaminationyetofthehistoryofpenguins.Theysaidpenguinscamefromacommonancestorsharedwithagroupofseabirdslikealbatrosses.Penguinsfirstdevelopedtheabilitytodive,andthenlosttheabilitytoflyastheyadaptedtowater.Theearliest-knownpenguiniscalledWaimanumanneringi,fromNewZealand.Itisbelievedtohavelived61millionyearsago.Penguinslivemainlyinthesouthernhemisphere.TheGalapagospenguinistheonlyonefoundnorthoftheequator.DanielKsepkaoftheBruceMuseuminGreenwich,Connecticut,istheco-writerofthestudythatwaspublishedinNatureCommunications.Ksepkanotedthatpenguinsareappealinganimals.Headdedthattheyareinterestinglycharmingcreatures.Apartfromtheirfunnyuprightposture,theylove,theyfight,andtheysteal,makingitreallyeasytoimaginethemhavingallthesamemotivationsaspeople.Thestudyproposesthatchangesinworldtemperaturesandinmajoroceancurrentshavebeenimportantdriversofpenguinevolution.TheresaColeisthestudy’sleadwriter.Colesaidtheresearchfoundanumberofgeneslikelyinvolvedinphysicalchangesknownasadaptations.Suchadaptationsincludegenetransformsthatshiftthewaypenguinsseetheworld.Penguins’visionismoresensitivetowardtheblueendofthecolorspectrum(光谱).Bluelightgoesmoredeeplyintotheoceanthanlightattheredendofthespectrum.Genesthathelpbirdsdetectsaltyandsourtastesareactiveinpenguins.Butgenesthathelpdetectbitterandsweettastesbecomeinactive.Thosemaynolongerbeneededaspenguinsfindfoodincold,saltywaterandusuallyswallowthewholefish.Penguinsshowchangesintheirwingonesandareductionoftheirflightfeathers.Penguinsalsohavereducedairspacesintheboneandtheabilitytostoremoreoxygenintheirmusclesforlongdives.32.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hemisphere”inparagraph2mean?A.Deepocean. B.Earth’spole.C.Halfglobe. D.Largeland.33.Whichofthefollowingmakespeopletendtoimaginepenguinssharinghuman’sinnerdesires?A.Penguins’habitats. B.Penguins’appearances.C.Penguins’characters. D.Penguins’behaviors.34.Whatmainlycausepenguinstodevelop?A.Physicalchangesfromgenetransforms. B.Changesofgeographicalenvironment.C.Interactionswithhumanbeings. D.Competitionswithotheranimals.35.Whatispresentedinthelastparagraph?A.Howpenguinssurvivebyadaptions. B.Whypenguinschangetheirbody.C.Howpenguinsareunique. D.Whatdamagespenguins’genes.【答案】32.C33.D34.B35.A【解析】【导语】本文是篇说明文。文章主要讲述了研究者们对企鹅的起源及进化史所做的研究结果。【32题详解】词义猜测题。根据下一句“TheGalapagospenguinistheonlyonefoundnorthoftheequator.”（加拉帕戈斯企鹅是唯一在赤道以北发现的企鹅。）可知，企鹅主要的居住地应该是赤道以南，即南半球；结合划线词所在句“Penguinslivemainlyinthesouthernhemisphere.”中的“mainly”和“southern”可知，该句应该表示“企鹅主要生活在南半球”，故“hemisphere”应表示“半球”，即halfglobe。故选C。【33题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“Apartfromtheirfunnyuprightposture,theylove,theyfight,andtheysteal,makingitreallyeasytoimaginethemhavingallthesamemotivationsaspeople.”（除了滑稽的直立姿势，它们爱，它们打架，它们偷窃，让我们很容易想象它们有和人类一样的动机。）可知，企鹅的这些行为使人们很容易想象它们有着和人类一样的内心欲望，即动机。故选D。【34题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“Thestudyproposesthatchangesinworldtemperaturesandinmajoroceancurrentshavebeenimportantdriversofpenguinevolution.”（该研究提出，世界温度和主要洋流的变化是企鹅进化的重要驱动力。）可知，气温、洋流等地理环境的改变，促使企鹅不断地进化、发展。故选B。【35题详解】主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Suchadaptationsincludegenetransformsthatshiftthewaypenguinsseetheworld.”（这种适应包括改变企鹅看待世界的方式的基因转变。）、“Thosemaynolongerbeneededaspenguinsfindfoodincold,saltywaterandusuallyswallowthewholefish.”（这些可能不再需要，因为企鹅在寒冷的咸水中寻找食物，通常会吞下整条鱼）、“Penguinsshowchangesintheirwingonesandareductionoftheirflightfeathers.”（企鹅的翅膀会发生变化，飞行羽毛也会减少。）和“Penguinsalsohavereducedairspacesintheboneandtheabilitytostoremoreoxygenintheirmusclesforlongdives.”（企鹅的骨骼中也有更少的空气空间，能够在肌肉中储存更多的氧气，以适应长时间的潜水。）可知，最后一段主要讲述了企鹅是如何通过适应环境的变化而改变自己，从而生存下来的。故选A。第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Thethingsthatyoudo,wordsthatyousay,andfeelingsthatyouexpress,contributetoyourchildren’slevelofconfidence._____36_____,thenreadon.LoveandacceptanceWeknowthatyouloveyourchildren.Butdotheyknowthatyoulovethem,acceptthemjustastheyare,andrespectthem?Giveyourchildrenplentyofloveevenifyouarenotabletodoitallthetime._____37_____.Unconditionallovewillhelpthemgrowintoaconfidenthumanbeing._____38_____Nobodyisperfect.Buttoraiseaconfidentchild,youshouldnotstresstoomuchontheshortcomings.Positiveparentingfocusesondevelopingwhatisgoodinachild,andmakinghimorherfeelempowered.Ifyourchildrenfeeldefeatedbydisappointmentsinlife,helpthemlookatthebrightsidebytalkingabouttheirsuccess.Letthemmakedecisions_____39_____.Italsoempowerschildrenasitgivesthemtheabilitytochoosesomething.Buttheydon’thavetheabilityofanadultandmaynotknowhowtoreachadecisionallbythemselves.PraisewhentheydeserveitItiseasytoblameachildwhenheorshedoessomethingwrong.Andweneverforgettodothat.Butwhenthechilddoessomethingright,wedon’talwayspraisehimorher.Wearenottalkingaboutpraisingthechildforeverylittlethingheorshedoeswell._____40_____.A.MakefulluseoftheadvantageB.Focusonstrengths,dealwithweaknessesC.YourchildrenneedtoknowthattheyarelovedandacceptedD.DecisionmakingisanimportantlifeskillthatchildrenneedtolearntobeconfidentE.IfyouwanttodoandsaytherightthingstohelpbuildconfidenceinyourchildrenF.Butifthechildhasputintheeffortandachievedsomething,appreciateitG.Whenyouarenotawareoftheimportanceofmakingyourselfconfident【答案】36.E37.C38.B39.D40.F【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些帮助孩子建立自信的方法。【36题详解】根据上文“Thethingsthatyoudo,wordsthatyousay,andfeelingsthatyouexpress,contributetoyourchildren’slevelofconfidence.(你做的事情，你说的话，你表达的感受，有助于你孩子的自信程度)”和下午“thenreadon(然后继续往下读。)”，可知设空处承上启下，选项E“如果你想做正确的事，说正确的话来帮助你的孩子建立信心”符合题意，并且选项中的“buildconfidence”呼应上文“confidence”，而且能和下文构成完整的句子，故选E。【37题详解】本段小标题“Loveandacceptance(爱与接纳)”以及上文“Butdotheyknowthatyoulovethem,acceptthemjustastheyare,andrespectthem?Giveyourchildrenplentyofloveevenifyouarenotabletodoitallthetime.(但是他们知道你爱他们，接受他们本来的样子，尊重他们吗?给你的孩子足够的爱，即使你不能一直这样做。)”可知设空处应和爱与接纳有关，C选项“你的孩子需要知道他们是被爱和被接受的。”符合本段主题，并且选项中的“lovedandaccepted”呼应主题，故选C。【38题详解】设空处为本段小标题。根据下文“Nobodyisperfect.Buttoraiseaconfidentchild,youshouldnotstresstoomuchontheshortcomings.Positiveparentingfocusesondevelopingwhatisgoodinachild,andmakinghimorherfeelempowered.Ifyourchildrenfeeldefeatedbydisappointmentsinlife,helpthemlookatthebrightsidebytalkingabouttheirsuccess.(人无完人。但要培养一个自信的孩子，你不应该过分强调缺点。积极的父母教育注重培养孩子的优点，让他或她感到有力量。如果你的孩子被生活中的失望打败了，通过谈论他们的成功来帮助他们看到光明的一面。)”可知本段讲述对待孩子要关注优点，不要过分强调缺点，B选项“关注优点，克服缺点”符合本段主旨，故选B。【39题详解】根据小标题“Letthemmakedecisions(让他们做决定)”可知，空处内容与让孩子作决定有关，D选项“为了自信，做决定是孩子们需要学会一项重要的生活技能。”符合题意，故选D。【40题详解】根据上文“Itiseasytoblameachildwhenheorshedoessomethingwrong.Andweneverforgettodothat.Butwhenthechilddoessomethingright,wedon’talwayspraisehimorher.Wearenottalkingaboutpraisingthechildforeverylittlethingheorshedoeswell.(当孩子做错事时，很容易责怪他。我们永远不会忘记这样做。但是当孩子做了正确的事情时，我们并不总是表扬他或她。我们并不是说要因为孩子做得好的每一件小事就表扬他。)”可推断下文应该何时对孩子进行表扬，F选项“但如果孩子付出了努力，取得了一些成绩，那就赞赏。”符合题意，并且紧扣本段小标题“在他们值得表扬的时候表扬他们”，故选F。第三部分语言运用(共四节，满分70分)第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。It’sabout250milesfromthehillsofwest-centralIowatoEhlers’