黑龙江省哈尔滨第三名校校2023-2024学年高二上学期第二次验收考试英语试题（原卷版+解析版）

第第页黑龙江省哈尔滨第三名校校2023-2024学年高二上学期第二次验收考试英语试题（原卷版+解析版）哈三中2023-2024学年度上学期高二学年第二次验收考试

英语试卷

(考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分)

注意事项：

本试卷分第一部分(听力)，第二部分(阅读理解)，第三部分(完形填空)，第四部分(单句填空)，第五部分(篇章语法填空)，第六部分(写作)。

第一部分：听力(共两节，每小题1.5分，满分30分)

第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分.满分7.5分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中给出的A，B.C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。

1.Whatdoesthemanwanttobuy

A.Asoftdrink.B.Amovieticket.C.Somepopcorn.

2.Whatdoesthewomanmean

A.Shewantstotrytherestaurant.

B.Shewilltreattheman.

C.Shelikestoeatout.

3.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout

A.WhentheT-shirtswillarrive.

B.HowthequalityofT-shirtsis.

C.WhethertheyshouldordermoreT-shirts.

4.Whatisthewomanmostlikelytodotoday

A.Visitalake.B.StayathomeC.GotoMumbai.

5.Whydoesthemancometothecompany

A.Toattendaninterview.

B.Tomakeanappointment.

C.Tovisitthewoman.

第二节(共15小题：每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题、从题中所给的A，B.C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题.

6.Whendidthemanintendtoarrive

A.By7：15.B.By7：30.C.By8：00.

7.Whatisthewomanworriedabout

A.Therushhour.B.Parking.C.Partyfood.

听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。

8.Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace

A.Atahotel.B.Atanairport.C.Atatravelagency.

9.Whatspecialrequestdocsthewomanmake

A.Shewantsacheapflight.

B.Sherequiresaretumticket.

C.Shewouldlikeawindowseat.

听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。

10.Whatarethespeakersdiscussing

A.Alecture.B.Aproduct.C.Auniversity.

11.WhatdoesthewomansayaboutMr.Cobb

A.Hefoundedapromisingfirm.

B.Heiswellknownforhislectures.

C.Hehascontributedalottothefieldofelectronics.

12.Whatdoesthemanaskthewomantodo

A.Contactadepartmentoftheuniversity.

B.ConductaninterviewwithMrCobb.

C.Buyticketsforemployees.

听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。

13.Whatarethespeakersshortof

A.Tomatoes.B.Cheese.C.Cabbages.

14.WhatdoesthemanthinkofBert

A.Heisinexperienced.

B.Heisunderalotofpressure.

C.Hehasagoodsenseofdirection.

15.Whowillgotothegrocerystore

A.Elizabeth.B.Bert.C.Jordan.

16.WhatisElizabethdoingnow

A.Readingamenu.B.Cuttingvegetables.C.LookingforBert.

听第10段材料，答第17至20题。

17.Howlongdidittaketheclasstogettothedestination

A.Onehour.B.Twohours.C.Threehours.

18.Whatdidtheclassdointhemorning

A.Theytookaclass.B.Theywenthorsc-riding.C.Theyadmiredthescenery.

19.Whathappenedtothespeakerwhenridinghishorse

A.Hefelloffit.B.Helostcontrolofit.C.Hemovedtooslowlyonit.

20.Whatwasthespeaker’sopiniononhorse-riding

A.Exciting.B.Relaxing.C.Terrible.

第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，满分60分)

第一节(共19小题：每小题2.5分，满分47.5分)

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、Ｃ和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A

TECCommunityEventSeries

Dateandtime

Thursday,July13,11a.m.—11:45a.m.

Location:Online

Duration:45minutes

Joinourmonthlycommunityevent!AtTECwehavefoundthatcommunityincreasessuccessandconsistency.

Haveyoueverwonderedwhytheneedledoesnotmove,evenwhenyougetyour10.000stepsinDoyoustillfeeloverlysoreafteraweekendfullofactivitiesOryoucan’tseemtobreakthepatternwithongoinginjuries

Ifthissoundslikeyou,thenTEChasyoucovered!Frommovementtomindset,wewillhelpyouengageyourbodyandgiveyoueasy-to-followmovementsthatyoucandofromanywhere.Thiswillhelpyouaccomplishyourfitnessgoals,feelgreatinallyoursummeractivitiesandavoidtherollercoasterofinjuries!

TECmonthlycommunityevent!

Stayactivebeyondyourtrainingforperformance,andprioritizeyouroverallhealth.

Eachmovementwillhelpyoumaximizeyourrecoveryandavoidanyofthebadeffectsofyourworkouts,forexample,overuseinjuries,tightness,rangeofmotionissues,etc.

Haveabodyandmindreadytointeractinalltheactivitiesthehealthyway!

Connectwithotherathletesandindividuals.

AskTECcoachesandotherathletesquestionsandcollaborate(合作)onbestpracticestooptimize(优化)yourmindset!

Thiseventisforyouif：

★Youdesireacommunitytogrowwith.

★Youhavestrongfeelingsofenthusiasmforworkouts.

★Youenjoyachievingatahighlevel.

★Youarelookingforsupportforyourmindset,sportorfitness.

Thiseventisnotforyouif：

★Youareclose-mindedandarenotlookingtobechallengedorencouraged.

★Youdon’tvaluelearningfromothers.

★Youarelookingforaplacetosellyourproductsorservices

1.Whatcanwelearnaboutthisevent

A.Ittakesplaceeverymonth.

B.Itoffers45-minuteofflinetraining.

C.Itshowspeoplethesecrettosuccess.

D.Itaimstohelpmeasurepeople’sweight.

2.Howcanparticipantsbenefitfromtheevent

A.Theywillrecoverimmediatelywheninjured.

B.Theywillgainpermanentfreeworkouts.

C.Theywillgetone-to-oneguidancefromacoach.

D.Theywilllearnhowtoavoidsomeinjurieswhenexercising.

3.Whoaremostsuitableforthisevent

A.Thosewhohopetoenjoyaquietweekend.

B.Thosewhowanttoattractpotentialcustomers.

C.Thosewhoattachimportancetoanactivelifestyle.

D.Thosewhodesiregoodacademicperformance.

【答案】1.A2.D3.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是应用文。文章主要介绍一场45分钟的社区健身活动。

【1题详解】

细节理解题。根据文中“Joinourmonthlycommunityevent!”（加入我们每月的社区活动!）可知，关于这个活动我们能了解到“这个活动每个月举行一次。”故选A。

【2题详解】

推理判断题。根据文中“Frommovementtomindset,wewillhelpyouengageyourbodyandgiveyoueasy-to-followmovementsthatyoucandofromanywhere.Thiswillhelpyouaccomplishyourfitnessgoals,feelgreatinallyoursummeractivitiesandavoidtherollercoasterofinjuries!”（从运动到心态，我们将帮助你调动你的身体，给你易于跟随的动作，你可以在任何地方做。这将帮助你完成你的健身目标，在你所有的夏季活动中感觉很棒，避免坐过山车受伤!）可知，参与者从活动中将学习如何在锻炼时避免一些伤害。故选D。

【3题详解】

推理判断题。根据文中“Thiseventisforyouif：★Youdesireacommunitytogrowwith.★Youhavestrongfeelingsofenthusiasmforworkouts.★Youenjoyachievingatahighlevel.★Youarelookingforsupportforyourmindset,sportorfitness.”（★你希望有一个共同成长的社区。★你对锻炼有强烈的热情。★你喜欢达到高水平。★你正在为自己的心态、运动或健身寻求支持。）可知，那些重视积极生活方式的人最适合参加这个活动。故选C。

B

I’vebeeninan18-yearlove-haterelationshipwithablackwalnuttree(胡桃树).

It’sauniquetree.InlateSeptemberorearlyOctober,fallingfruitsashardasbaseballsthreatentheskulls(头骨)ofyou,yourchildren,yourneighborsandthosethatresidenextdoortothem.UmbrellasintheyardareamustwhiledininginearlyAugust,andasforme,Iwearmybikehelmetwhileworkinginthegarden.

Theblackwalnutalsoreleasesachemicalsubstancethroughitsrootsasacompetitivestrategy.It’spoisonoustoseveralcommonplants.TherehavebeenmanynewplantspeciesthatIbroughthomewithhopesthatmaybetheblackwalnutwouldacceptthem,buttheyfailedtoflourish.

Whatdoesworkarenativeplantsthatnaturallygrowinthearea.Nativeplantsareimportanttohavearoundsincetheyprovidebeneficialpollinators(传粉者)likebirds,beesandbutterllieswithseedsandcontributetoahealthyandbiodiverseenvironment.Nativeplantsforthisareaaregenerallyeasytogrow,sotheyexperiencelessstress.

HaveIthoughtofgettingridofthisgiantpaininmytinybackyardYes,however,gettingridofthistreestandingat50feetwithan87-inchtrunkisnexttoimpossible.It’salsoprotectedunderthelaw.Rightfullyso.Treesareimportanttotheurbanforestandforallofthosethatinhabitit.

SometimesIthinkaboutmylifewithouttheblackwalnutIcan’timagineaspringwithoutthebirdswhoarriveeveryyearandloudlysingtheirsongsbeforedawn.I’dmissfallingasleeponlazyweekendafternoonsasIlookupintoitsleaves.

Everyspring,Iwonderwhattheseasonholds:WhatarethechancesofbeingknockedunconsciouswhilebarbecuingLikeanygoodrelationship,I’llneverbepleased.I’mstuckwiththistree,soI’lllistentoitsneedsandgiveitthespaceitrequires.Inreturn,mywalnutoffersahabitatforwildlifeandareminder.

4.Whydoestheauthorwearabikehelmetwhileworkinginthegarden

A.Toprotecttheinjuredskull.B.Toreducethechanceofabeesting.

C.Topreventherselffromsunburn.D.Toavoidbeinghurtbythenuts.

5.Whatisthetree’ssurvivalstrategy

A.Itattractsbeneficialpollinators.

B.Itletsoutpoisontodriveawaypests.

C.Itproducesachemicaldeadlytosomeplants.

D.Itcompetesfornutritionwithsimilarspecies.

6.Whydoesthewriterhavealove-haterelationshipwiththetree

A.Itoffersashelterbutoutcompetesallnativeplants.

B.Ittakesupmuchspacebuthelpsnewplantssurvive.

C.Itishometonumerousbirdsbuthashardfruits.

D.Itgivesoffanattractivesmellbutmakesbarbecueimpossible.

7.Whatdoesthewriterwanttoconveythroughthepassage

A.It’sbettertogivethantotake.

B.Buildingarelationshipistroublesome.

C.Treesandplantshavetheirownwaystoflourish.

D.Acceptance,insteadofresistance,isthebetterwaytobe.

【答案】4.D5.C6.C7.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了和一棵黑核桃树爱恨交加的18年。

【4题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“It’sauniquetree.InlateSeptemberorearlyOctober,fallingfruitsashardasbaseballsthreatentheskulls(头骨)ofyou,yourchildren,yourneighborsandthosethatresidenextdoortothem.UmbrellasintheyardareamustwhiledininginearlyAugust,andasforme,Iwearmybikehelmetwhileworkinginthegarden.（这是一棵独特的树。在9月底或10月初，掉落的水果像棒球一样坚硬，威胁着你、你的孩子、你的邻居和住在他们隔壁的人的头骨。8月初吃饭的时候一定要在院子里打伞，至于我，我在花园里干活的时候都戴着自行车头盔。）”可知，在花园里工作时戴着自行车头盔是为了避免被坚果伤害。故选D。

【5题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段“Theblackwalnutalsoreleasesachemicalsubstancethroughitsrootsasacompetitivestrategy.It'spoisonoustoseveralcommonplants.（作为一种竞争策略，黑胡桃也会通过根部释放一种化学物质。它对几种常见的植物来说是有毒性的。）”可知，黑胡桃树的生存策略就是释放一种对其他一些常见植物物种有毒的物质，以独占生存资源。故选C。

【6题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段“It’sauniquetree.InlateSeptemberorearlyOctober,fallingfruitsashardasbaseballsthreatentheskulls(头骨)ofyou,yourchildren,yourneighborsandthosethatresidenextdoortothem.UmbrellasintheyardareamustwhiledininginearlyAugust,andasforme,Iwearmybikehelmetwhileworkinginthegarden.（这是一棵独特的树。在9月底或10月初，掉落的水果像棒球一样坚硬，威胁着你、你的孩子、你的邻居和住在他们隔壁的人的头骨。8月初吃饭的时候一定要在院子里打伞，至于我，我在花园里干活的时候都戴着自行车头盔。）”和倒数第三段中“Treesareimportanttotheurbanforestandforallofthosethatinhabitit.（树木对城市森林和所有居住在其中的生物都很重要。）”以及倒数第二段“SometimesIthinkaboutmylifewithouttheblackwalnutIcan’timagineaspringwithoutthebirdswhoarriveeveryyearandloudlysingtheirsongsbeforedawn.（有时我想到没有黑胡桃的生活，我无法想象一个没有鸟儿的春天，它们每年都来，在黎明前大声歌唱。）”，可知，对这棵树又爱又恨是因为它是许多鸟类的家园，但却有坚硬的果实。故选C。

【7题详解】

推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“HaveIthoughtofgettingridofthisgiantpaininmytinybackyard？Yes，however，gettingridofthistreestandingat50feetwithan87-inchtrunkisnexttoimpossible.（我有没有想过摆脱这个小小的后院的大麻烦吗？是的，然而，要摆脱这棵50英尺高、树干只有87英寸的树几乎是不可能的）”；“I'mstuckwiththistree，soI'lllistentoitsneedsandgiveitthespaceitrequires.（我就与这棵树相伴，所以我会倾听它的需求，给它所需的空间。）”可知，从这棵树身上得到了这样启示：包容接纳，而非抗拒，会让生活更美好。故选D。

C

Thereishopeforourplanet’ssurvival.Innovativeproductsarebeingdesignedtoreduceourdependenceonplastic,single-useplasticinparticular.

OnesuchinnovationcomesfrominternationaldesignfirmCarloRattiAssociatiwithits“FeelthePeel”machine,anexperimentalroundedjuicebarthatnotonlymakesfreshlysqueezedorangejuice,butalso3Dprintsarecyclablebioplasticcupwiththeleftoverorangepeels(果皮).

DesignedwithglobalenergycompanyEni.thejuiceris10feettallandtoppedwithamassivedome(圆顶),feedingthejuicerwithorangesondemand.Thedomeismadcupofroundtracksthatholdupto1,500oranges.A3Dprinterissetupinthebaseofthemachine.

Themachinegoeslikemagic.Whenanorderisplaced,theorangesslidedownthetrackstoasqueezer,andthejuiceisthendeposited(使沉积)intoan“orangepeel”bio-plasticcup,readytoenjoy.Meanwhile,thefreshlysqueezedpeelsfalldownatubeandgatheratthebottomofthemachinewheretheyaredried,milledandmixedwithPolylacticAcid,creatingabioplasticmaterialThebioplasticisthenheatedandmeltedintoafilament(细丝)andthe3Dprinterthencreatesrecyclablebioplasticcups,readytobefilledwithfreshlysqueezedjuice.

Howcoolthatis!ItseemsthatCarloRattiAssociatiandEnihaveplanstotake“FeelthePeel”beyondjustorangejuice.

“Theprincipleofrecyclingisamustfortoday’sobjects,”saysCarloRatti,“WorkingwithEni,wetriedtoshowrecyclinginaverytangibleway,bydevelopingamachinethathelpsustounderstandhoworangescanbeuscdwellbeyondtheirjuice.Thenextimprovementof“FeelthePeel”mightincludenewfunctions,suchasprintingfabricforclothingfromorangepeels.”

8.Whatcanweknowabout“FeelthePeel”machine

A.Itincreasestheoutputoforangejuice.

B.Itmakessomethingbeyondorangejuice.

C.Itmakesorangejuicetastebetter.

D.Itbanstheuseofsingle-useplastic.

9.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph4

A.Thereasonforthemachine’spopularity.

B.Thestructureofthemachine.

C.Thewaythemachineworks.

D.Thewaytousethemachine.

10.WhatisCarol’sattitudetothefutureofthemachine

A.Pessimistic.B.Cautious.C.Positive.D.Indifferent.

11.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext

A.ANewFormofOrangePeels

B.OrangeJuicer3DPrintsBioplasticCups

C.InnovativeProductsAreBeingDesigned

D.CarloInventsARecyclableMachine

【答案】8.B9.C10.C11.B

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一个名为“FeelthePeel”的机器，不仅可以制作新鲜压榨的橙汁，还可以用剩余的橙子皮3D打印出可回收的生物塑料杯子。

8题详解】

推理判断题。根据第二段“OnesuchinnovationcomesfrominternationaldesignfirmCarloRattiAssociatiwithits“FeelthePeel”machine,anexperimentalroundedjuicebarthatnotonlymakesfreshlysqueezedorangejuice,butalso3Dprintsarecyclablebioplasticcupwiththeleftoverorangepeels(果皮).(其中一项创新来自国际设计公司CarloRattiAssociation的FeelthePeel机器，这是一种实验性的圆形果汁棒，不仅可以制作新鲜挤压的橙汁，还可以用剩下的橙子皮3D打印一个可回收的生物塑料杯)”可知，FeelthePeel机器不仅可以制作新鲜压榨的橙汁，还可以用剩余的橙子皮3D打印出可回收的生物塑料杯子，它能做出橙汁以外的东西。故选B项。

【9题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第四段“Themachinegoeslikemagic.Whenanorderisplaced,theorangesslidedownthetrackstoasqueezer,andthejuiceisthendeposited(使沉积)intoan“orangepeel”bio-plasticcup,readytoenjoy.Meanwhile,thefreshlysqueezedpeelsfalldownatubeandgatheratthebottomofthemachinewheretheyaredried,milledandmixedwithPolylacticAcid,creatingabioplasticmaterialThebioplasticisthenheatedandmeltedintoafilament(细丝)andthe3Dprinterthencreatesrecyclablebioplasticcups,readytobefilledwithfreshlysqueezedjuice.(这台机器运转起来很神奇。下单后，橙子沿着轨道滑到挤压机上，然后将果汁放入“橙皮”生物塑料杯中，准备享用。与此同时，新鲜挤压果皮从一根管子里掉下来，聚集在机器的底部，在那里它们被干燥、研磨并与聚乳酸混合，形成了一种生物塑料材料。然后，生物塑料被加热并融化成细丝，3D打印机生成可回收的生物塑料杯，准备装满新鲜挤压的果汁)”可知，本段主要介绍了新榨汁机工作的方式。故选C项。

【10题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段““Theprincipleofrecyclingisamustfortoday’sobjects,”saysCarloRatti,“WorkingwithEni,wetriedtoshowrecyclinginaverytangibleway,bydevelopingamachinethathelpsustounderstandhoworangescanbeusedwellbeyondtheirjuice.Thenextimprovementof“FeelthePeel”mightincludenewfunctions,suchasprintingfabricforclothingfromorangepeels.”(CarloRatti说：“回收利用的原则对当今的物品来说是必须的。我们与埃尼集团合作，通过开发一台机器，帮助我们了解如何在果汁之外使用橙子，试图以一种非常有形的方式展示回收利用。FeelthePeel的下一个改进可能包括新功能，例如用橙子皮打印衣服面料。”)”可知，CarloRatti认为FeelthePeel可以进一步改进，让橙子可以有更多用途，所以CarloRatti对FeelthePeel持有的是积极乐观的态度。故选C。

【11题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第二段“OnesuchinnovationcomesfrominternationaldesignfirmCarloRattiAssociatiwithits“FeelthePeel”machine,anexperimentalroundedjuicebarthatnotonlymakesfreshlysqueezedorangejuice,butalso3Dprintsarecyclablebioplasticcupwiththeleftoverorangepeels(果皮).(其中一项创新来自国际设计公司CarloRattiAssociation的FeelthePeel机器，这是一种实验性的圆形果汁棒，不仅可以制作新鲜挤压的橙汁，还可以用剩下的橙子皮3D打印一个可回收的生物塑料杯)”以及文章内容可知，文章主要介绍了FeelthePeel机器，不仅可以制作新鲜压榨的橙汁，还可以用剩余的橙子皮3D打印出可回收的生物塑料杯子，所以“橙子榨汁机3D打印生物塑料杯”可以作为文章标题。故选B项。

D

Somethingstrangeishappeningtothemillennial(千禧年的)workersofAmerica.Afterayearspentwiththeircomputers,theyareturningoverthecarefullyarrangedchessboardsoftheirlivesanddecidingtoriskitall.Somearegivingstablejobsuptostartanewbusiness,whileothersgivingupthecareeraltogether.

Ifthismovementhasabattlecry,it’s“YOLO”—“youonlyliveonce”.Thetermisusedwhenpeoplearemakingirresponsiblebetsthatsometimespayoffanyway.Morebroadly,ithascometocharacterizetheattitudethathascapturedacertaintypeofboredofticeworkerinrecentmonths.

“Itfeelslikewe`vebeensolockedintocareersforthepastdecade,andthisisouropportunitytoswitchitup.”saidNateMoseley,29,abuycratamajorclothingretailer.Mr.MoseleyrecentlydecidedtoleavehisUS$130,000-a-yearjob.HecreatedanExcelspreadsheetcalled“Late20sCrisis”,whichhefilledwithpotentialoptionsforhisnextmove:Takeacodingclass,startminingEthereum,joina2022politicalcampaignandopenatourismbusiness.“Theideaofgoingrightbacktothepre-Covidset-upsoundssounappealingafterthispastyear,”henoted.“Ifnotnow,whenwillleverdothis”

It’spossiblethatsomeoftheseYOLOerswillendupbackinstablejobsiftheyspendthroughtheirsavings,ortheirnewjobsfail.Butanadventurousspiritseemstobeinfectingeventhekindsofoverachieverswhodisliketakingariskandtypicallyholdontothecareerladder.

Oneexecutiveatamajortechcompanysaidsheandherhusbandhadbothbeendiscussingquittingtheirjobs.Thepandemic,shesaid,hadtaughtthemthatthey’dbeenplayingittoosafewiththeirlifechoices,andmissingoutonvaluablefamilytime.TheexecutivethensentmeaquotefromtheBuddhaaboutimpermanence(短暂),andthevalueofrealizingthatnothinglastsforever.Or.toputitinslightlyearthierterms:YOLO.

12.WhatstrangethingsareUSmillennialworkersdoing

A.Theypreferdoingworkonline.B.Theyaretakingmorerisks.

C.Theyenjoyplayingchessmore.D.Theyaremakingextramoney.

13.WhydidNateMoseleyleavehispreviousjob

A.Itdidn’tpaywelleough.B.Thebusinesswasinacrisis.

C.Hemissedthepre-Covidset-up.D.Hewaseagerfornewchanges.

14.WhatcanweinferaboutYOLOersaccordingtothepassage

A.Theycaninfluencesomecautiouspeople.

B.They’resuretoberewardedfortakingrisks.

C.Theywon’treturntotheiroriginaljob.

D.Theyallhuntforanotherjob.

15.Whyistheexecutivementionedinthelastparagraph

A.Tostresstheimportanceoffamily.

B.Toencouragepeopletotakebravemoves.

C.TodemonstratethesignificantinfluenceofYOLO.

D.Toshowthefuturedevelopmentofdifferentcareers.

【答案】12.B13.D14.A15.C

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了千禧一代正在冒更多风险，并且提出了“YOLO”这个口号，来鼓励人们勇敢行动。

【12题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段“Somethingstrangeishappeningtothemillennial(千禧年的)workersofAmerica.Afterayearspentwiththeircomputers,theyareturningoverthecarefullyarrangedchessboardsoftheirlivesanddecidingtoriskitall.Somearegivingstablejobsuptostartanewbusiness,whileothersgivingupthecareeraltogether.”（一些奇怪的事情正在发生在米国的千禧一代工人身上。在与电脑相处了一年之后，他们正在翻开精心安排的人生棋盘，决定冒险一试。一些人放弃稳定的工作去创业，而另一些人则完全放弃了自己的职业。）可知，米国千禧一代的员工正在做的奇怪事情是：他们正在冒更大的风险。故选B项。

【13题详解】

细节理解题。根据第三段中““Itfeelslikewe`vebeensolockedintocareersforthepastdecade,andthisisouropportunitytoswitchitup.”saidNateMoseley,29,abuycratamajorclothingretailer.”（“感觉我们在过去的十年里一直被困在职业生涯中，这是我们改变的机会。29岁的内特·莫斯利(NateMoseley)说，他是一家大型服装零售商。）以及““Theideaofgoingrightbacktothepre-Covidset-upsoundssounappealingafterthispastyear,”henoted.“Ifnotnow,whenwillleverdothis””（他指出：“在过去的一年里，直接回到疫情前的状态听起来太没有吸引力了。”“如果不是现在，杠杆什么时候会这么做？”）可知，内特·莫斯利辞掉之前的工作是因为他渴望有新的变化。故选D项。

【14题详解】

推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“It’spossiblethatsomeoftheseYOLOerswillendupbackinstablejobsiftheyspendthroughtheirsavings,ortheirnewjobsfail.Butanadventurousspiritseemstobeinfectingeventhekindsofoverachieverswhodisliketakingariskandtypicallyholdontothecareerladder.”（如果YOLOers中的一些人把积蓄花掉，或者他们的新工作失败了，那么这些YOLOers中的大多数人最终可能会回到稳定的工作中。但冒险精神似乎也在感染着那些不喜欢冒险、通常会坚守职业阶梯的成功人士。）可知，根据文章我们可以推断出YOLOers他们可以影响一些谨慎的人。故选A项。

【15题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段“Oneexecutiveatamajortechcompanysaidsheandherhusbandhadbothbeendiscussingquittingtheirjobs.Thepandemic,shesaid,hadtaughtthemthatthey’dbeenplayingittoosafewiththeirlifechoices,andmissingoutonvaluablefamilytime.TheexecutivethensentmeaquotefromtheBuddhaaboutimpermanence(短暂),andthevalueofrealizingthatnothinglastsforever.Or,toputitinslightlyearthierterms:YOLO.”（一家大型科技公司的一位高管说，她和丈夫都在讨论辞职。她说，这场大流行教会了他们，他们在生活选择上过于谨慎，错过了宝贵的家庭时间。这位高管随后给我发来了一段佛陀关于无常的名言，以及认识到没有什么是永恒的价值。或者，用更接地气的术语来说：YOLO。）可推知，最后一段提到了高管是想证明YOLO的显著影响。故选C项。

E

Weareencounteringreal-worldexamplesofhowAIcanharmhumanrelations.AsdigitalassistantssuchasAlexaorSiribecomepopular,webecomeaccustomedtotalkingtothemasthoughtheywerealive.Writinginthesepagesseveralyearsago,JudithShulevitzdescribedhowsomeofusarestartingtotreatthemasfriendsandtherapists.Shulevitzherselfsayssheconfesses(忏悔)thingstoGoogleAssistantthatshewouldn’ttellherhusband.Ifwegrowmorecomfortabletalkingtoourdevicesaboutoursecrets,whathappenstoourhumanmarriagesandfriendshipsDesignersandprogrammerstypicallycreatedeviceswhoseresponsesmakeusfeelbetter—butmaynothelpusbeself-reflectiveorthinkoverpainfultruths.AsAIgoesdeeperintoourlives,wemustfacethepossibilitythatitwillpreventouremotionsanddeephumanconnections.

Besides,wewillfightwithsomeotherchallenges.Theageofdriverlesscars,afterall,isuponus.Thesevehiclespromisetoconsiderablyreducetheexhaustionanddistractionthatputhumandriversindanger,thuspreventingaccidents.ButwhatothereffectsmighttheyhaveonpeopleDrivingisaverymodernkindofsocialinteraction,requiringhighlevelsofcooperation.Iworrythatdriverlesscarsbytakingawayfromusanoccasiontoexercisethisability,couldcontributetoitsdecline.

Notonlywillthesevehiclesbeprogrammedtotakeoverdrivingduticsandhencetoremovefromhumansthepowertomakemoraljudgments(forexample,aboutwhichpedestriantohitwhenacrashisunavoidable),theywillalsoaffecthumanswithwhomthey’vehadnodirectcontact.Forinstance,driverswhohavedrivenawhilealongsideanautonomous(有自主能力的)vehicletravelingatasteady,changelessspeedmightdrivelessattentively,thusincreasingtheirlikelihoodofaccidentsoncethey’vemovedtoapartofthehighwayoccupiedonlybyhumandrivers.Alternatively,experiencemayrevealthatdrivingalongsideautonomousvehiclestravellinginperfectaccordancewith(按照)trafficlawsactuallyimproveshumanperformance.

Eitherway,weshouldbecautiousaboutlaunchingnewformsofAIwithoutfirsttakingsuchunexpectedsocialeffectsintoaccount.Wemustapplythesameeffortthatweapplytothehardwareandsoftwarethatmakeself-drivingcarspossibletomanagingAI’spotentialeffectsonthoseoutsidethecar.Afterall,weinstallbrakelightsonthebackofyourcarnotjust,orevenprimarily,foryourbenefit,butforthesakeofthepeoplebehindyou.

16.Whatcanbeinferredabouthumanrelationshipsfromparagraphl

A.AIwillleadtodistantinterpersonalrelationships.

B.Wewillfeelcomfortablespeakingtoothersonline.

C.AIwillenablepeopletocommunicatemorewithothers.

D.Wewillbemoreself-reflectiveininteractionthankstoAl.

17.Theunderlinedphrase“itsdecline”inparagraph2referstothedeclinein.

A.drivers’interactionwiththecars

B.drivers’exhaustionanddistraction

C.ourabilitytocooperatewithotherswhiledriving

D.ourabilitytodealwithemergencieswhiledriving

18.Whatcanweinferaboutdriverlesscars

A.Theymaybebetteratmakingmorejudgmentsthanhumandrivers.

B.Theycanonlyaffectthosewithwhomtheyhavedirectcontact.

C.Theymighthavepotentialnegativeeffectsonhumandrivers.

D.Theyshouldbedevelopedregardlessofitsunexpectedsocialeffects.

19.What’stheauthor’spurposeofwritingthispassage

A.TopresentthechallengesbroughtbyAI.

B.ToprovidesolutionstotheeffectofAI.

C.ToexplainwhyAlmayharmhumanrelations.

D.Todiscussthedisadvantagesofdriverlesscars.

【答案】16.A17.C18.C19.A

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇议论文。通过日常生活中Alexa和Siri的例子，提出自己的论点——人工智能会阻止人们之间更深层次的交流。接着开始提出自己对于无人驾驶汽车的看法和担忧，并提出需要进一步提升无人驾驶汽车的软件和硬件，让它们更好、更安全地服务于人们。

【16题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段中“Weareencounteringreal-worldexamplesofhowAIcanharmhumanrelations.”（我们在现实世界中遇到了人工智能如何损害人类关系的例子。）和“AsAIgoesdeeperintoourlives,wemustfacethepossibilitythatitwillpreventouremotionsanddeephumanconnections.”（随着人工智能深入我们的生活，我们必须面对这样一种可能性，即它将阻止我们的情绪和人类的深层联系。）可推知，认为人工智能会导致人与人之间的联系变得越来越遥远、不亲近。故选A项。

【17题详解】

词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“ButwhatothereffectsmighttheyhaveonpeopleDrivingisaverymodernkindofsocialinteraction,requiringhighlevelsofcooperation.”（但它们还会对人类产生什么影响呢？驾驶是一种非常现代的社会互动，需要高度的合作。）以及划线词所在句“Iworrythatdriverlesscarsbytakingawayfromusanoccasiontoexercisethisability…”（我担心无人驾驶汽车剥夺了我们行使这种能力的机会，……）由此可知，驾驶是一种社会互动行为，需要高度的合作，无人驾驶汽车剥夺了这种机会，第2段中下划线的短语“itsdecline”指的是我们在驾驶时与他人合作的能力下降。故选C项。

【18题详解】

推理判断题。根据第三段中“Notonlywillthesevehiclesbeprogrammedtotakeoverdrivingduticsandhencetoremovefromhumansthepowertomakemoraljudgments(forexample,aboutwhichpedestriantohitwhenacrashisunavoidable),theywillalsoaffecthumanswithwhomthey’vehadnodirectcontact.Forinstance,driverswhohavedrivenawhilealongsideanautonomous(有自主能力的)vehicletravelingatasteady,changelessspeedmightdrivelessattentively,thusincreasingtheirlikelihoodofaccidentsoncethey’vemovedtoapartofthehighwayoccupiedonlybyhumandrivers.”（这些车辆不仅会被编程为接管驾驶任务，从而剥夺人类做出道德判断的权力（例如，当碰撞不可避免时，该撞哪位行人），它们还会影响到与它们没有直接接触的人类。例如，司机在一辆以稳定不变的速度行驶的自动驾驶汽车旁边开了一段时间后，可能会驾驶得不那么专心，从而增加了事故发生的可能性，一旦他们开到只有人类司机的高速公路上。）可知，关于无人驾驶汽车，我们能推断出它们可能对人类司机有潜在的负面影响。故选C项。

【19题详解】

推理判断题。根据第一段中“Weareencounteringreal-worldexamplesofhowAIcanharmhumanrelations.”（我们正在遇到人工智能如何损害人际关系的现实例子。）和第二段中“Besides,wewillfightwithsomeotherchallenges.Theageofdriverlesscars,afterall,isuponus.”（此外，我们还将与其他一些挑战作斗争。毕竟，无人驾驶汽车的时代已经来临。）以及第三段中“Notonlywillthesevehiclesbeprogrammedtotakeoverdrivingduticsandhencetoremovefromhumansthepowertomakemoraljudgments(forexample,aboutwhichpedestriantohitwhenacrashisunavoidable),theywillalsoaffecthumanswithwhomthey’vehadnodirectcontact.”（这些车辆不仅会被编程为接管驾驶任务，从而剥夺人类做出道德判断的权力（例如，当碰撞不可避免时，该撞哪位行人），它们还会影响到与它们没有直接接触的人类。）可推知，