12月大学英语四级仿真模拟试题

12月大学英语四级仿真模拟试题2016年12月大学英语四级仿真模拟试题2016年下半年英语四级考试时间为12月17日，为了帮助大家更好地备考，yjbys网店铺为大家提供了英语四级仿真模拟题，供大家备考练习。PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteacompositiononthetopicCompetition.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:1.竞争使人们充满创造力，使人们更有效率。2.竞争促使生产出更好的产品和提供更优质的服务。3.竞争促进了社会的进一步发展。KeytoModelTestThreePartIWriting【写作思路】要求写一篇关于竞争的议论文。要求从以下几个方面阐述：竞争使人们充满创造力，使人们更有效率;竞争促使生产出更好的产品和提供更优质的服务;竞争促进了社会的进一步发展。【参考范文】CompetitionCompetitionmakespeoplemorecreativeandeffective.Iturgesthemtoplanbetter,totryharder,andtoachievemore.Withadesiretoexcelintheirwork,peopletendtoperformmorecreativelyandmoreefficiently。Competitionhelpsproducebetterproductsandprovidebetterservices.Inthepresentworldofintensecompetition,everymanufacturetrieshisbesttooutmatchhiscompetitorbyproducinggoodsofbetterqualityatlowercosts.Asaresult,consumerspaylessandreceivebetterservice。Competitionpromotesfurtherdevelopmentofsociety.Iftherewerenocompetition,peoplewouldremaincomplacentandbeunwillingtomakeanyeffortsorriskanythingnew.However,withfiercecompetitiongoingon,theyexertthemselvestoaccomplishmore.Theiraccomplishmentwill,inonewayoranother,contributetotheprogressofsociety。PartIIReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)EarthquakeCanScientistsPredictKillerEarthquakes?ThedatewasNovember23,1980.PeoplenearNaples,insouthernItaly,felttheEarthrollandshake.Earthquake!Suddenlybuildingscametumblingdown.Cracksappearedintheearth.Withinminutes,entiretownsweredestroyed.Thousandsofpeopleweredead.Thousandsmorewereinjured。Asrescuerssearchedthroughtherubble,manypeoplemusthavewondered,ofonlythevictimshadknownaheadoftime,manylivescouldhavebeensaved。Actually,anItalianscientistdidpredictthatsuchaquakewouldhappen.In1977Dr.M.CaputooftheUniversiteDegilesStudiinRomewarnedthatalargequakewouldsoonstriketheeastofNaples.Unfortunately,hecouldn’tpredicttheexacttimeanddateofthequake。Dr.Caputomadehisgeneralpredictionaftertalkingwithscientistsat54earthquakemonitoringstationsthroughoutItaly.HelearnedthatmanyearthquakeshadrecentlyrockeddifferentareasaroundNaples.ButnonehadoccurredinoneparticularspoteastofNaplesformanyyears.Dr.Caputofeltthattheareawaslongoverdueforalargequake.Anditwas。EarthquakeStrikesinGapThequakeoccurredinaregionthatDr.Caputocalledaseismicgap.Aseismicgapisanareainanactiveearthquakeregionwherenoearthquakeorseismicactivityhasbeenrecordedinalongtime.SeismicgapsarelocatedwheretwolargeplatesintheEarthhavebecomestuck。Whentheplatesslidepasteachother,theysometimesbecamelockedinplace.Asimilarthinghappenswhenyoumakearunningleaponasidewalkwhilewearingsneakers.Whenyoulandonbothfeet,thesneakersgrabontoroughsurface.Frictiontendstoholdyourfeetbackwhiletherestofyourbodygoesforward.Youmayendupfallingflatonyourface。Inthecaseofplates,however,theunevensurfacesbetweentheplatescausetheplatestoremainlockedinplaceforyears.Hugepressurebuildsupbehindeachplate.Periodically,ashudder,ortremor,isrecordedassomeofthisenergyisreleased。Finally,afterabout50years,rockintheseismicgapeithersuddenlybreaksormovesunderthegreatstress.Thissuddenreleaseofenergysendsshockwavesthroughtherocklayersabove.Thegroundshakes,sidewalkscrack,andbuildingstumble.Amightyquakehasstruck。GapsUsedToPredictQuakesManygeologistshaveusedwhatiscalledtheseismicgaptechniquetoaccuratelypredictearthquakes.ThetechniquewasfirstdevelopedbySovietearthquakeexpertDr.V.FodotovduringhisstudiesofancientandrecentJapaneseearthquakes.Dr.Fodotovwasmarkingthelocation,size,anddateofallknownquakesinJapanwhenhenoticedastrikingpattern。AllmajorearthquakeswerefoundtooccurinonlyafewisolatedspotsinJapan.Eachofthesespots,henoted,experiencedamajorquakeonlyonceevery50to60years.Dr.Fodotovconcludedthatspotsthathadn?thadaquakeinmorethan50yearswere“ripe”foraquake.TheRussianscientistnamedtheselocationsseismicgaps。Inthepastseveralyears,geologistsfromothercountrieshavefoundseismicgapsinotherpartsoftheworld.Aftermakingdetailedstudiesofpastquakesintheseregions,thegeologistswereabletomakeanaccuratepredictionofwhenaquakewouldoccur。HowDoAnimalsKnowWhenanEarthquakeIsComing?Scientistswhotrytopredictearthquakeshavegottensomenewhelpersrecently—animals。That’sright,animals.Scientistshavebeguntocatchontowhatfarmershaveknownforthousandsofyears.Animalsoftenseemtoknowinadvancethatanearthquakeiscoming,andtheyshowtheirfearbyactinginstrangeways.BeforeaChinesequakein1975,snakesawokefromtheirwintersleepearlyonlytofreezetodeathinthecoldair.Cowsbroketheirhaltersandtriedtoescape.Chickensrefusedtoentertheircoop.Allofthisunusualbehavior,aswellasphysicalchangesintheearth,alertedChinesescientiststothecomingquake.Theymovedpeopleawayfromthedangerzoneandsavedthousandsoflives。Onetaskforscientiststodayistolearnexactlywhichtypesofanimalbehaviorpredictquakes.It’snotaneasyjob.Firstofallnoteveryanimalreactstothedangerofanearthquake.JustbeforeaCaliforniaquakein1977,forexample,anArabianstallionbecameverynervousandtriedtobreakoutofhisstall.Thehorsenexttohim,however,remainedperfectlycalm.It’salsodifficultattimestotellthedifferencebetweennormalanimalrestlessnessand“earthquakenerves”.Azookeeperoncecalledearthquakeresearcherstosaythathiscougarhadbeenactingstrangely.Itturnedoutthatthecathadanupsetstomach。Asecondtaskforscientistsistofindoutexactlywhatkindofwarningstheanimalsreceive.Theyknowthatanimals?sensefarmoreoftheworldthanhumansdo.Manyanimalscansee,hear,andsmellthingsthatpeopledonotevennotice.Somecandetecttinychangesinairpressure,gravity,orthemagnetismofEarth.Thisextrasenseprobablyhelpsanimalspredictquakes。Agoodexampleofthisoccurredwithagroupofdogs.Theywerepennedupinanareathatwasbeingshakenbyaseriesoftinyearthquakes.(Severalsmallquakesoftencomebeforeorafteralargeone。)Beforeeachquakealowboomingsoundwasheard.Eachboomcausedthedogstobarkwildly.Thenthedogsbegantobarkduringasilentperiod.Ascientistwhowasrecordingtilequakeslookedathismachine.Itwasactingasthoughtherewerealoudnoisetoo.Thescientistrealizedthatthedogshadreactedtoaboomingnoise.Theyalsosensedthetinyquakethatfollowedit.Themachinerecordedboth,thoughhumansfeltandheardnothing。Inthiscasetherewasamachinetomonitorwhatthedogsweresensing.Manytimes,however,ourmachinesrecordnothingoutoftheordinary,eventhoughanimalsknowaquakeiscoming.Theanimalsmightbesensingsomethingwesomeasurebutdonotrecognizeasawarning.Discoveringwhatanimalssense,andlearninghowtheyknowitisadangersignal,isajobforfuturescientists。1.SincenoonehadpredictedtheprecisedateoftheearthquakestrikingeastofNaples,peopletheresufferedheavylossinthedestruction。2.AseismicgapislocatedatthejunctionoftwointerlockingplatesintheEarth,andwherenoseismicactivityhasbeenrecordedforalongtime。3.Fromthepassagewelearnthataregularstrikingpatterncanbefoundinanactiveearthquakeregion。4.DuringanearthquakeinChina1975,cowsbroketheirhaltersandranawayfromtheirsheds。5.AsitisusedinParagraph13,theword“cat”referstoatypicaldomesticcat。6.Allanimalsbuttinychangedinairpressure,gravity,orthemagnetismofEarth。7.ThedogsmentionedinParagraph15hadsensedboththelowboomsandtheminorquakesfollowingthem。1.[Y][N][NG]2.[Y][N][NG]3.[Y][N][NG]4.[Y][N][NG]5.[Y][N][NG]6.[Y][N][NG]7.[Y][N][NG]8.Dr.CaputobasedhispredictionuponthefactthatlotsofearthquakeshadrecentlyoccurredinallareasaroundNaplesbutits___________。9.Accordingtotheauthor’sinformation,every50yearsorso,amightyearthquakewillberecordedat___________________。10.Chinesescientistsevacuatedpeoplefrom_____________aftertheyhadnoticedthestrangebehaviorofsomeanimalsaswellasphysicalchangesintheearth。PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(25minutes)SectionAQuestions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage。WhatisitaboutAmericansandfood?Welovetoeat,butwefeel47aboutitafterward.Wesaywewantonlythebest,butwestrangelyenjoyjunkfood.We’re48withhealthandweightlossbutfaceanunprecedentedepidemicofobesity.Perhapsthe49tothisambivalenceliesinourhistory.ThefirstEuropeanscametothiscontinentsearchingfornewspicesbutwentinvain.Thefirstcashcropwasn’teatenbutsmoked.ThentherewasProhibition,intendedtoprohibitdrinkingbutactuallyencouragingmore50waysofdoingit。Theimmigrantexperience,too,hasbeenoneofinharmony.DoasRomansdomeanseatingwhat“realAmericans”eat,butournation’sfoodhascometobe51byimports-pizza,say,orhotdogs.Andsomeofthecountry’smosttreasuredcookingcomesfrompeoplewhoarrivedhereinshackles。Perhapsitshouldcomeasnosurprisethenthatfoodhasbeenamediumforthenation’sdefiningstruggles,whetherattheBostonTeaPartyorthesit-insatsouthernlunchcounters.Itisintegraltoourconceptsofhealthandevenmoralitywhetheronerefrainsfromalcoholforreligiousreasonsorevadesmeatforpolitical52。Butstrongopinionshavenotbrought53.Americansareambivalentaboutwhattheyputintheirmouths.Wehavebecome54ofourfoods,especiallyaswelearnmoreaboutwhattheycontain。The55infoodisstillprosperousintheAmericanconsciousness.It’snocoincidence,then,thatthefirstThanksgivingholdstheAmericanimaginationinsuchbondage(束缚).It’swhatweeat—andhowwe56itwithfriends。[A]answer[B]result[C]share[D]guilty[E]constant[F]defined[G]vanish[H]adapted[I]creative[J]belief[K]suspicious[L]certainty[M]obsessed[N]identify[O]idealsSectionBPassageOneQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage。ItisnotoftenrealizedthatwomenheldahighplaceinsouthernEuropeansocietiesinthe10thand11thcenturies.Asawife,thewomanwasprotectedbythesettingupofadowry(嫁妆).Admittedly,thepurposeofthiswastoprotectheragainsttheriskofdesertion,butinrealityitsfunctioninthesocialandfamilylifeofthetimewasmuchmoreimportant.Thedowrywasthewife’srighttoreceiveatenthofallherhusband’sproperty.Thewifehadtherighttowithholdconsent,inalltransactionsthehusbandwouldmake,andmorethanjustaright;thedocumentsshowthatsheenjoyedarealpowerofdecision,equaltothatofherhusband.Innocasedothedocumentsindicateanydegreeofdifferenceinthelegalstatusofhusbandandwife。Thewifesharedinthemanagementofherhusband’spersonalproperty,buttheoppositewasnotalwaystrue.Womenseemedperfectlypreparedtodefendtheirowninheritanceagainsthusbandswhotriedtoexceedtheirrights,andonoccasiontheyshowedafinefightingspirit.AcaseinpointisthatofMariaVivas.HavingagreedwithherhusbandMirotosellafieldshehadinherited,fortheneedsofthehousehold,sheinsistedoncompensation.Nonebeingoffered,shesucceededindraggingherhusbandtothescribetohaveacontractdulydrawnupassigningherapieceoflandfromMiro’spersonalinheritance.Theunfortunatehusbandwasobligedtoagree,asthecontractsays,“forthesakeofpeace。”Eitherthroughthedowryorthroughbeinghot-tempered,thewifeknewhowtowinherself,withthecontextofthefamily,apowerfuleconomicposition。57.Originally,thepurposeofadowryisto_________。[A]giveawomantherighttoreceiveallherhusband’sproperty[B]helpawomantoenjoyahigherpositioninthefamily[C]protectawomanagainsttheriskofdesertion[D]bothAandC58.Accordingtothepassage,thelegalstatusofthewifeinmarriagewas__________。[A]higherthanthatofasinglewoman[B]higherthanthatofherhusband[C]lowerthanthatofherhusband[D]thesameasthatofherhusband59.WhydoestheauthorgiveustheexampleofMariaVivas?[A]Toshowthatthewifesharedinthemanagementofherhusband?spersonalproperty。[B]Toshowthatthewifecandefendherowninheritance。[C]Toprovethatwomenhavepowerfulposition。[D]Toillustratehowwomenwinherproperty。60.ThecompensationMariaVivasgotforthefieldis____________。[A]someofthelandMirohadinherited[B]atenthofMiro’sland[C]moneyforhouseholdexpenses[D]moneyformMiro’sinheritance61.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsMariaVivasis_____________。[A]sympathetic[B]disapproval[C]indifferent[D]objectivePassageTwoQuestions62to66arebasedonthefollowingpassage。Accordingtosociologists,thereareseveraldifferentwaysinwhichapersonmaybecomerecognizedastheleaderofasocialgroup.Inthefamily,traditionalculturalpatternsconferleadershipononeorbothoftheparents.Inothercases,suchasfriendshipgroups,oneormorepersonsmaygraduallyemergeasleaders,althoughthereisnoformalprocessofselection.Inlargergroups,leadersareusuallychosenformallythroughelectionorrecruitment。Althoughleadersareoftenthoughttobepeoplewithunusualpersonalability,decadesofresearchhavefailedtoproduceconsistentevidencethatthereisanycategoryof“naturalleaders”.Itseemsthatthereisnosetofpersonalqualitiesthatallleadershaveincommon;rather,virtuallyanypersonmayberecognizedasaleaderifthepersonhasqualitiesthatmeettheneedsofthatparticulargroup。Researchsuggeststhattherearetypicallytwodifferentleadershiprolesthatareheldbydifferentindividuals.Instrumentalleadershipisleadershipthatemphasizesthecompletionoftasksbyasocialgroup.Groupmemberslooktoinstrumentalleadersto“getthingsdone”.Expressiveleadership,ontheotherhand,isleadershipthatemphasizesthecollectivewell-beingsofasocialgroup’smembers.Expressiveleadersarelessconcernedwiththeoverallgoalsofthegroupthanwithprovidingemotionalsupporttogroupmembersandattemptingtominimizetensionandconflictamongthem。Instrumentalleadersarelikelytohavearathersecondaryrelationshiptoothergroupmembers.Theygiveothersandmaydisciplinegroupmemberswhoinhibitattainmentofthegroupsgoals.Expressiveleaderscultivateamorepersonalorprimaryrelationshiptoothersinthegroup.Theyoffersymp