Unit+4+Natural+Disasters知识点练习 高中英语人教版（2019）必修第一册

Unit4单词词组解析：damage,v,损害，破坏，n,损坏，损失dodamageto......对....造成损害rescue,v,n,营救，救援，rescue.....from....把某人、某物从.....中营救出来Thepolicemanrescuedtheboyfromdrowning.短语意思：_____________destroy,vt,摧毁，毁灭（指彻底摧毁，以至于不能或很快被修复）Theearthquakedestroyedalmosttheentirecity.意思：___________Survive,vt,幸存，survivor,幸存者，Surviveon...靠.....维持生活affect,vt,影响，深深打动，affection,n,喜爱，慈爱affectsth=haveaneffectonsth对某事有影响DoesTVaffect/haveaneffectonchildren’sbehaviour?短语意思：_____________shelter,n,庇护所，vt,保护，掩蔽Thespecialelementsheltersyourclothesfromacidrain.短语意思：_____________inruins严重受损，破败不堪Inlessthanoneminute,alargecitylayinruins.短语意思：____________Shock,n,震惊，休克，vt,震惊，shocked,adj,吃惊的，震惊的，shocking,adj,令人震惊的Inshock,震惊，吃惊beshockedtodosth对做某事感到震惊beshockedat/by...被..震惊Theywereshockedtohearthatthehospitalwasclosingdown.短语意思：__________betrappedin.....陷入.....被困住Afewpeopleweretrappedinafreezingcoldroom.短语意思：______________bury,vt,埋葬，安葬beburiedin(doing)sth专心致志做某事Beburiedinthoughts沉思Buriedinthenewspaper,Ididn’tnoticewhatwashappening.breathe,vt,呼吸，n,呼吸的空气Slowly，thecitybegantobreatheagain.effort,n,努力，艰难的尝试，尽力makeanefforttodosth努力/竭尽全力做某事Sparenoefforttodosth不遗余力做某事Weshouldsparenoefforttoprotectourenvironment,becauseitissharedbyallthecreatures.词组意思：______________Suffer,vt,遭受，经受，忍受，vi,受苦Sufferfrom,遭受......之苦，患.....病Hewassufferingfromseriousheartdisease.词组意思：_______________supply,n,供应量，vt,供应，供给Supplysbwithsth=supplysthtosb向某人提供某物calm,adj,镇静的，平静的，vt,使平静，calmdown平静下来Itisnoteasytocalmtheexcitedmandown.词组意思：____________________aid,n,帮助，援助，vt,帮助Withtheaidof........在.....的帮助下aidsbtodosth帮助某人做某事aidsbindoingsth帮助某人做某事Weaidedhiminraisingthemoney.句型意思：_________________onhand现有（尤指帮助）Theemergencyserviceswereonhandwithmedicaladvice.词组意思：_____________Strike,vi,vt,(struck,struck,/stricken)侵袭，突击，击打，碰撞①vi,罢工，strikeforsth为了某事而罢工②vt,突然想起，一下子想起，（不用于进行时）Itstrikessbthat.......某人突然想起......=itoccurstosbthat.....③vt,敲，鸣，报时④vt,vi,擦，划，（火柴）⑤n,罢工，罢课，goonstrike举行罢工deliver,vt,递送，传递，vt,发表deliver.....to.....把......交给......deliveraspeech发表演说deliver,v,接生，助产effect,n,影响，结果，效果，作用,effective,adj,有效的haveaneffecton/upon....对.......有影响takeeffect开始起作用Comeintoeffect生效，开始实施Therainhashadaverybadeffectonthecrops.词组意思：___________sweepaway消灭，彻底消除佳句鉴赏：Elevenkilometresdirectlybelowthecity,oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing.解析：_______________________________________________________________________itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend.解析：_______________________________________________________________________Everytheresurvivorslooked,therewasnothingbutruins.解析：______________________________________________________________________Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast40yearscausedatsunamithatcrashedintocoastlinesacrossAsiayesterday,killingmorethan6500peopleinIndonesia,India,Thailand,Malaysia,andatleastfourothercountries.解析：______________________________________________________________________Iwashavingbreakfastwithmythreechildrenwhenwaterstartedfillingmyhome.解析：_______________________________________________________________________However,dangerousconditionsanddamagedroadswillmakeitdifficulttodeliverfoodandsupplies.解析：_____________________________________________________________________语法；关系代词引导的定从1.基本概念：①在复合句中，对名词，代词，名词性短语，句子进行修饰，限定的句子叫定语从句。②被定从修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。③结构：关系代词+从句④关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,as⑤关系副词：when,where,why关系代词代替前面的先行词，在定从中作主语，宾语或定语等成分，在限制性定语中作宾语时可以省略。A;that既可指人也可指物，在定从中作主语或宾语，在限制性定从中作宾语可以省。B:which指物，在非限制性定从中可以代替整个句子，在定从中作主语或宾语。C：who指人，在定从中作主语或宾语。D:whom指人，在限制性定从中作宾语，可以省。E:whose的先行词既可指人也可指物，在定从中作定语，相当于ofwhich,ofwhomF:as用于限制性定语中，such....as.....,thesame......as....3.关系代词只能用that.①先行词为不定代词all,anything,nothing,something,everything,none,theone等或被这些不定代词修饰时。IthasbeenmanyyearssinceIwaslastinLondon,butIstillremembersomethingthathappenedduringthatvisit.②先行词前有形容词做高级或序数词修饰时。ThemostimportantthingthatweshouldpayattentiontoisthefirstthingthatIhavesaid.③先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰时。ThisistheverybookthatourEnglishteachermentionedinclass.④先行词既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。Shewroteabookaboutthepeopleandthingsthatimpressedhermostdeeplyduringhervisitthere.⑤当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句。Whoistheboythatlivesovertheroad?⑥定语从句中又包含定语从句时，若其中一个已经用了关系代词which，另一个宜用that.Theybuiltafactory,whichproducednewdrugsthatcouldmakehugeprofits.4.关系代词只用which.①引导非限制性定从Thanksforyourletter,whichtookafornighttoarrive.②当从句中的介词提前，构成“介词+关系代词”结构时。30thSeptemberisthewaybywhichyoumustpayyourbill.文章。（一）THENIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN’TSLEEPStrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheasternHebei.Forseveraldays，thewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell，roseandfell.Thereweredeep

cracks

thatappearedinthewellwalls.Atleastonewellhadsomesmellygascomingoutofit.Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide，andfishjumpedoutofthewater.Atabout3：00a.m.,on28July1976，brightlightswereseenintheskyoutsidethecityofTangshanandloudnoiseswereheard.Butthecity’sonemillionpeoplewereasleepasusualthatnight.At3:42a.m.,everythingbegantoshake.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend!Elevenkilometresdirectlybelowthecity,oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan150kilometresawayinBeijing.Nearlyonethirdofthewholenationfeltit!Ahugecrack,eightkilometreslongand30metreswide,cutacrosshouses,roads,andwaterways.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Inlessthanoneminute,alargecitylayin

ruins.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400,000.Everywheresurvivorslooked，therewasnothingbutruins.Nearlyeverythinginthecitywasdestroyed.About75

percent

ofthecity’sfactoriesandbuildings，90percentofitshomes，andallofitshospitalsweregone.

Bricks

coveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves，butnowindcouldblowthemaway.Mostbridgeshadfallenorwerenotsafetocross.Therailwaytrackswerenowuselesspiecesof

metal.Tensofthousandsofcows，hundredsofthousandsofpigs，andmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewere

inshock—andthen，laterthatafternoon，anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.Evenmorebuildingsfelldown.Water，food，and

electricity

werehardtoget.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.Buthopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes，thearmysent150，000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhowere

trapped

andto

bury

thedead.Morethan10，000doctorsandnursescametoprovidemedicalcare.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Waterandfoodwerebroughtintothecitybytrain，truck，andplane.Slowly，thecitybeganto

breathe

again.Tangshanstartedto

revive

itselfandgetbackuponitsfeet.Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetireless

efforts

ofthecity’speople，anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.Thenewcityhasbecomeahometomorethansevenmillionpeople，withgreatimprovementsintransportation，industry，andenvironment.TangshancityhasprovedtoChinaandtherestoftheworldthatintimesofdisaster，peoplemust

unify

andshowthe

wisdom

tostaypositiveandrebuildforabrighterfuture.（二）ByRobertWoodhouse

Monday,27December2004Themostpowerfulearthquakeinthepast40yearscausedatsunamithatcrashedintocoastlinesacrossAsiayesterday,killingmorethan6,500peopleinIndonesia,India,Thailand,Malaysia,andatleastfourothercountries.Fishermen,tourists,hotels,homes,andcarsweresweptawaybyhugewavescausedbythestrongearthquakethatreachedamagnitudeof9.0.Theunderseaquakestruckaround7:00a.m.,SundayoffthewestcoastofIndonesia’s