第4讲 数词【要点精讲+专项演练】中考英语语法专项突破

中考英语语法全面精讲第4讲、数词英语数词表示数目或者顺序，可分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。基数词：表示数目的词叫基数词。1、英语中常用的基数词有：123456789101112onetwothreefourfivesixseveneightnineteneleventwelve13141516171819thirteenfourteenfifteensixteenseventeeneighteennineteen2030405060708090100twentythirtyfortyfiftysixtyseventyeightyninetyone(a)hundred2335101twenty-threethirty-fiveonehundredandone1000→one(a)thousand,10000→tenthousand,100000→onehundredthousand,1000000→onemillion,10000000→tenmillion,100000000→onehundredmillion,onebillion,1000000000108→onehundredandeight,146→onehundredandforty-six,500→fivehundred(不加s),1,001→onethousandandone,1,813→onethousandeighthundredandthirteen.(1)百位与十位之间要加and；十万位和万位,亿位和千万位之间通常也要加and。(2)英语用千、百万等单位计数,大数字从右向左看,每隔三位划一逗号,倒数第一个逗号之前要用thousand,倒数第二个逗号之前要用million,倒数第三的逗号之前要用billion表示。(3)hundred、thousand、million作数词时,不用复数,前面可以加上one,two,…等其它数词。用作名词时复数表示“成…上…”,后面必须要有of,前面可以加上some,many,several等词。如：fivehundred(五百),hundredsof(成百上千的),tenthousand(一万),thousandsof(成千上万的),millionsof(成百万的Howtoreadbignumbers?23,456,342,456twenty-threebillionfourhundredandfifty-sixmillionthreehundredandforty-twothousandfourhundredandfifty-six23，456，23，456，342，456billionmillionthousand序数词：表示顺序的数词叫序数词。1、英语的序数词基本变法：一般在基数词后加th,(2)-ve结尾的改为-fth,(3)-ty结尾的改为-tieth,(4)熟记特殊词。2、序数词如下：1st2nd3rd4th5th6th7th8th9th10th11th12th※first※second※thirdfourthfifthsixthseventheighthninthtentheleventhtwelfth13th14th15th16th17th18th19ththirteenthfourteenthfifteenthsixteenthseventeentheighteenthnineteenth20th30th40th50th60th70th80th90th100thtwentieththirtiethfortiethfiftiethsixtiethseventietheightiethninetiethonehundredth21st22nd23rd35th101sttwenty-firsttwenty-secondtwenty-thirdthirty-fifthonehundredandfirst1000th→onethousandth,1000000th→onemillionth.,第703→thesevenhundredandthird,第5,480→thefivethousandfourhundredandeightieth.注：(1)两位以上的序数词仅个位数部分用序数词,其余部分仍用基数词。如：thirty-sixth,(2)使用序数词时一般加定冠词the.如：I’minthethirdgrade.(3)序数词作“几分之几”讲时,有复数形式。如：1/5→onefifth;2/3→twothirds;4/7→foursevenths;1/2→ahalf;1/4→aquarter;3/4→threequarters;50%→fiftyhundredths(fiftypercent).数词的用法：1、表示年份：2002:twothousandandtwo;1976:nineteenseventy-six.，1990s表示年代。2、表示日期：12月1日:Dec.1st或thefirstofDecember；2002年11月8日:Nov.8th,2002.3、表示时刻：5：15→fivefifteen或aquarterpastfive;8：30→eightthirty或halfpasteight;10：45→tenforty-five或aquartertoeleven.顺读法：11：38eleventhirty-eight逆读法past,to顺读法：11：38eleventhirty-eight逆读法past,to11:38twenty-twototwelve11:18eighteenpastelevenquarterhalfhalf4、表示编号：Room105→Roomone0five;BusNo.13→BusNumberThirteen;P.5→PageFive;Tel.No.7658659→TelephoneNumberseven-six-five-eight-six-five-nine，thefirstlesson=lessonone5、小数的读法：5.7→fivepointseven,0.16→zeropointonesix.6、“半”的表达：1/2→half,半小时→halfanhour,1.5小时→oneandahalfhours或onehourandahalf.7、序数词前面加the时,表示顺序,加a/an时表示“再一、又一”。如：Thethirdlessonisratherdifficult.(第三课相当难)Shallwereadthetextathirdtime?(我们把课文读第三遍,好吗？)8、倍数的表达：(一倍用once，两倍用twice，两倍以上用基数词＋times。如：5倍fivetimes)。ChinaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.数词语法总结（思维导图）英语表达规则英语表达规则基数词基数词大数字读法大数字读法规则数词规则数词英语表达规则英语表达规则序数词序数词分数读法分数读法数词练习1．Wegaveaway________bookstotheschoollibrarylastyear.A.

sixthousands

B.

sixthousand

C.

sixthousandsof

D.

sixthousandof2．—___isthepopulationofChina,Jack?—Letmethinkforamoment,itisabout___.A.

Howmany;1,400million

B.

What;1,400millionC.

What;140million

D.

Howmany;140million3．Ourcountryis70yearsoldthisyear.Wewillcelebrateher_____birthdayonOct.1.A.

theseventieth

B.

seventieth

C.

theseventy

D.

seventy4．Two____________studentsarefromKorea.A.

hundredsof

B.

hundred

C.

hundreds

D.

hundredof5．Pleasepassme___bookontheright.A.

four

B.

fourth

C.

thefour

D.

thefourth6．Thereare

peopleinDale'sfamily.Theyliveonthe

floor.A.

five;nine

B.

fifth;nine

C.

five;ninth

D.

fifth;ninth7．Mostofthedoctorsinthishospitalwereborn________,andtheyare________now.A.

inthe1970;intheirfifties

B.

in1970s;inthefiftiethC.

inthe1970s;infiftieth

D.

inthe1970s;intheirfifties8．In2010,___________peoplefromallovertheworldcametoShanghaitoseetheWorldExpo.A.

tenmillionof

B.

tenmillions

C.

millionof

D.

millionsof9．Howtoread85,626inEnglish？A.

eighty-fivethousands,sixhundredsandtwenty-sixB.

eighty-fivethousand,sixhundredandtwenty-sixC.

fifty-eightthousand,sixhundredandtwenty-sixD.

eighty-fivethousands,sixhundredandtwenty-six10．—Whendoyouusuallygotobedonschoolnights?—Ataround________o'clock.It'shealthytofallasleepbefore10p.m.A.

nine

B.

ninth

C.

twelve

D.

twelfth11．Inourclass

ofthestudents

girls.A.

thirdfifths;is

B.

thirdfifth;are

C.

threefifth;is

D.

threefifths;are12．LiHuaisgoingtobeanelderbrother.Hisparentsareplanningtohavetheir________child.A.

first

B.

second

C.

one

D.

two13．Tenyearsagothepopulationofourvillagewas

thatoftheirs.A.

astwicelargeas

B.

twiceaslargeas

C.

twiceasmuchas

D.

astwicemuchas14．AlibabaCEOJackMahasdecidedtoretirefromhiscompanyinhis_________.A.

fifty

B.

fifties

C.

fiftieth

D.

fiftieths15．LinTao,an______boy,wasverybraveandhelpedhisclassmatesrunoutoftheclassroomwhentheearthquakehappened.A.

8-year-old

B.

8yearold

C.

8-years-old

D.

8yearolds参考答案1．Wegaveaway________bookstotheschoollibrarylastyear.A.

sixthousands

B.

sixthousand

C.

sixthousandsof

D.

sixthousandof【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：去年我们向学校图书馆赠送了六千本书。数词后thousand用单数，thousandsof，固定搭配，几千个，不与数字搭配；因此是sixthousand或者thousandsof，只有B对，故选B。2．—___isthepopulationofChina,Jack?—Letmethinkforamoment,itisabout___.A.

Howmany;1,400million

B.

What;1,400millionC.

What;140million

D.

Howmany;140million【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：——中国的人口是多少，杰克？——让我想想，大约是14亿。提问人口用what，根据常识可知，实际情况是中国有1,400

million，人口，故选B。考查特殊疑问词，注意what提问人口的用法。3．Ourcountryis70yearsoldthisyear.Wewillcelebrateher_____birthdayonOct.1.A.

theseventieth

B.

seventieth

C.

theseventy

D.

seventy【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：今年我们的国家70岁了，我们将在10月1日庆祝她的70岁生日。表达某人几岁生日用one's+序数词+birthday，seventy，70，基数词；seventieth第七十，序数词，排除C、D，故选B。考查序数词用法，注意平时识记one's+序数词+birthday。4．Two____________studentsarefromKorea.A.

hundredsof

B.

hundred

C.

hundreds

D.

hundredof【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：有两百名学生来自朝鲜。hundred，百，其前接具体数词时，用其单数形式，当其前没有具体数字修饰时，用其复数形式，后和of连用，hundredsof，成百上千，根据two，基数词，hundred用其单数形式，故选B。5．Pleasepassme___bookontheright.A.

four

B.

fourth

C.

thefour

D.

thefourth【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：请递给我右边的第四本书。句中book是单数，four后面用可数名词复数，排除A、C，所以用序数词fourth，序数词前常常加the，故选D。6．Thereare

peopleinDale'sfamily.Theyliveonthe

floor.A.

five;nine

B.

fifth;nine

C.

five;ninth

D.

fifth;ninth【答案】C【解析】【分析】句意：在戴尔的家里有五个人。他们住在九楼。基数词放在名词前修饰名词，表示数量，因此用five；序数词放在floor前面表示顺序，因此用ninth，故选C。7．Mostofthedoctorsinthishospitalwereborn________,andtheyare________now.A.

inthe1970;intheirfifties

B.

in1970s;inthefiftiethC.

inthe1970s;infiftieth

D.

inthe1970s;intheirfifties【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：这家医院的大多数医生都出生于20世纪70年代，现在他们都是50多岁。inthe+四位数的整数复数形式，在……世纪……年代，inone's+两位数的整数复数形式，在某人多大岁数时，故选D。8．In2010,___________peoplefromallovertheworldcametoShanghaitoseetheWorldExpo.A.

tenmillionof

B.

tenmillions

C.

millionof

D.

millionsof【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：2010年，来自世界各地的数百万人来到上海观看世博会。表示确切数字用基数词+million，表示几百万；表示非确切数字时用millionsof，数百万，固定搭配。ten10，基数词，所以用tenmillion，排除A、B，故选D。考查数学词的表达，注意平时识记表示确切数字用基数词+million，表示几百万；表示非确切数字时用millionsof，数百万。9．Howtoread85,626inEnglish？A.

eighty-fivethousands,sixhundredsandtwenty-sixB.

eighty-fivethousand,sixhundredandtwenty-sixC.

fifty-eightthousand,sixhundredandtwenty-sixD.

eighty-fivethousands,sixhundredandtwenty-six【答案】B【解析】【分析】句意：用英语怎样读85,626？英语数学词的读法是：从右往左每三个数字是一组，用逗号隔开，从右往左第一个逗号读hundred，百位和十位间用and连接，所以读作eighty-fivethousand,sixhundredandtwenty-six，故选B。10．—Whendoyouusuallygotobedonschoolnights?—Ataround________o'clock.It'shealthytofallasleepbefore10p.m.A.

nine

B.

ninth

C.

twelve

D.

twelfth【答案】A【解析】【分析】句意：——上学的晚上你通常什么时候睡觉？——大约9点。晚上10点之前睡觉是健康的。nine九，是基数词；ninth第九，是序数词；twelve十二，是基数词；twelfth第十二，是序数词。根据o'clock此处表示钟点，用基数词，排除BD两项。根据It'shealthytofallasleepbefore10p.m.可知，10点之前睡觉是健康的，因此他在9点睡觉，故答案选A。11．Inourclass

ofthestudents

girls.A.

thirdfifths;is

B.

thirdfifth;are

C.

threefifth;is

D.

threefifths;are【答案】D【解析】【分析】句意：我们班五分之三的学生是女生。分数表达方式：分子要用基数词，分母要用序数词，当分子超过一时，分母后要加s。五分之三的正确表达是threefifths；带有分数的短语作主语时，谓语动词由分数后面的名词形式来决定，students是复数形式，谓语动词要用are，故选D。12．LiHuaisgoingtobeanelderbrother.Hisparentsareplanningtohavetheir________child.A.

first

B.

second

C.

on