被动语态专题讲解

被动语态被动语态(passivevoice)是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般来说，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等被动词来表示被动意义。被动语态由“助动词be+及物动词的过去分词”构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此详解主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的执行者。构成（1）助动词be+及物动词的过去分词、（2）情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词\t"/item/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81/_blank"一般现在时①am\is\are②do/does(V.\V.s)am\is\are+done(V.p.p)\t"/item/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81/_blank"一般将来时will\begoingto\be(about)to+do(V.)will+be+done(V.p.p)\t"/item/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81/_blank"一般过去时①was\were②did(V.-ed)was\were+done(V.p.p)\t"/item/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81/_blank"现在进行时am\is\are+doing(V.-ing)am\is\are+being+done(V.p.p)\t"/item/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81/_blank"过去进行时was\were+doing(V.-ing)was\were+being+done(V.p.p)\t"/item/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81/_blank"现在完成时have\has+done(V.p.p.)have\has+been+done(V.p.p)\t"/item/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81/_blank"过去完成时had+done(V.p.p.)had+been+done(V.p.p.)\t"/item/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81/_blank"情态动词\t"/item/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81/_blank"情态动词+V.\t"/item/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81/_blank"情态动词+be+done(V.p.p.)\t"/item/%E8%A2%AB%E5%8A%A8%E8%AF%AD%E6%80%81/_blank"过去将来时would/should+V.would/shouldbe+done(V.p.p.)不同时态转换被动语态主动语态变为被动语态例句：一般现在时：主：Webelievehim.被：Heisbelievedbyus.一般将来时：主：Everyonewillknowthetruthsoon.被：Thetruthwillbeknownbyeveryone.一般过去时：主：Heboughthischildrensomepens.被：Somepenswereboughtforhischildrenbyhim.现在进行时：主：Maryismakingadoll.被：AdollisbeingmadebyMary.过去进行时：主：Theywerecarryingthehurtplayer.被：Thehurtplayerwasbeingcarriedbythem.现在完成时：主：Hehasreceivedtheletter.被：Theletterhasbeenreceivedbyhim.过去完成时：主：Theyhadbuilttenbridges.被：Tenbridgeshadbeenbuiltbythem不用情况1）不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）：appear,die（死亡）,disappear（消失）,end(vi.结束）,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,standbreakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.比较：rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。判断对错Thepricehasbeenrisen.Thepricehasrisen.Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.Thepricehasraised.Thepricehasbeenraised.Pleaseseat.Pleasebeseated.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。2）不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongtoThiskeyjustfitsthelock.3）系动词无被动语态（“keep”除外）：appear,bebecome,fall,feel,get,grow,look,remain,seem,smell,sound,stay,taste,turnItsoundsgood.4）带同源宾语的及物动词，反身