中考英语复习：语法现在完成时 讲义

现在完成时中考重点：时间标志词、瞬间性动词&延续性动词、havebeento&havegoneto&havebeenin。一．结构：主语+have/has+done助动词过去分词Ihavelostmypen.Hehasjusthadlunch.否定句：在have/has后添加not，注意：havenot=haven’thasnot=hasn’t疑问句：助动词have/has提前。二．用法：1.过去发生的动作或已完成的动作对现在造成的影响，落脚点是现在。Ihavelostmypen.(未找到/伤心)Hehasjusthadlunch.(饱了)2.过去发生的动作持续到现在，并且可能继续持续下去。Wehavelivedheresince10yearsago.PastNowFuture3.多次发生的动作。ShehasbeentoShanghaithreetimes.三．标志词（1）already&yetalready已经，肯定句中yet还；未，否定句末Hehasalreadybeenaway.Ihaven’tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.（2）for&sincea.for+一段时间Theyhavebeenfriendsfor10years.b.Since自从；+过去时间点Theyhavebeenfriendssince10yearsago.2000theystartedschool.（3）ever&neverever曾经；疑问句和肯定句中never从不HaveyoueverbeentoShanghai?Ihavenevertraveledbyplanebefore.(4)just&inthepastfewyears区分：justnow&inthepast用于一般过去时（5）recently&sofar&before四．瞬间性动词和延续性动词。常考题型：翻译表示短暂性时间的词，如come,go,die,marry,buy不能与for,since等表示一段时间的词连用。需要将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。翻译（1）他已经去世两年了。Hehasdiedfortwoyears.(×)Hehasbeendeadfortwoyears.(√)（2）他借用我的书两天了。Hehasborrowedmybookfortwodays.（×）Hehaskeptmybookfortwodays.(√)常考的瞬间性动词转换成延续性动词的有：borrow-keepbuy-havecome-beherego-beawaystart/begin-beonopen-beopenclose-beclosedjoin-beinmarry/getmarriedto-bemarriedtodie-bedead注意：大部分转换后的延续性动词是be+介词/形容词，表示可延续性的状态。总结：瞬间性动词+一段时间（×）延续性动词+一段时间（√）中考题：B—Howlong______you______Beijing?—Foraboutnineyears.A.have;arrivedinB.have;taughtinC.have;gottoD.did;reach注意：1.判定时态2.分析长短动词五．易混词组：Havebeento&havegoneto&havebeeninHavebeento去过（回来了）IhavebeentoNanjingthreetimes.Havegoneto去了(在路上/已到达目的地；没回来)题目：D-Where’syourfather?-He_________toShanghai.A.goesB.wentC.hasgonetoD.hasbeentohavebeenin已在某地待了多长时间=havestayedinTheyhavebeeninChinafortwoyears.六．重点答题技巧：1.圈时间标志词------判断时态2.圈主语——判断助动词，第三人称单数has，其余have3.判断长短动词长动词时间标志词：for,sincehowlong可以用于现在完成时中，且必须跟长动词1.—Oh,Mrs.King,yournecklacelooksnice.Isitnew?—No,I____itfortwoyears.A.hadB.havehadC.boughtD.havebought2.She________herhomeworkyetA.don'tfinishB.didn'tfinishC.hasnotfinishedD.doesn'tfinish3.They__________for2years.A.gotmarriedB.havegotmarriedC.havebeenmarriedD.marry4.-Howlong_______he________Shanghai.-For6yearsA.has;gottoB.has;livedinC.did;live