语法-数词(思维导图)和语法的五大主要结构

语法知识点4---数词（思维导图结构）语法的五大主要结构主谓：Ithink…主谓宾：Ireadabook.主谓+双宾：Iwriteyoualetter.主谓宾+宾语补足语：Ifindthegirlhot.主系表：Theleavesareturningblack.[注：系动词（be）感官动词(smell/taste/sound/feel/look，keep/turn/become/get/grow/appear/seem)]一、定语从句用that不用which先行(不定代词)词everything,nothing,much,few,little...先行词被形容词、最高级、序数词修饰时（代高序）先行词被no,thevery,theonly,thelast修饰时先行词中既有人又有物who或which做先行词，引导定语从句用that关系代词在定语从句中坐表语用which不用that在非限制性定语从句中（指物which，指人who/whom）在介词后（指物which，指人只能用whom）[注：非限定有逗号，限定无逗号]用who不用that先行词为one,ones,anyone,those主句是therebe关系代词和关系副词的判断：关系代词：指代人who/whom/that指代物：which/that所属关系：whose/ofwhich.(whom)关系副词（=介词+代词）：地点：where时间：when原因：why领域、方面：aspect,respect,area,field(用介词inwhich,只有field用on)价格、利率、速度：rate,price,speed(用介词atwhich)程度：degree,extent(用介词towhich)eg:tosomedegree根据、基础：ground,foundation,basis(用介词onwhich)As和which(which只放于句中)引导非限制性定语从句，which放于句中，as可放于句首、句中或句末，表“正如…”与as搭配的句型和动词Such/thesame/so…as…用在限制性定语从句中Such/so…that+完整句子（引导结果状语从句）[注：so+adj,such+n]分隔性定语从句（在先行词和定语从句之间插入状语、定语、谓语隔开）含蓄型定语从句先行词为occasion,moment（用when引导定从）先行词为situation,condition,state,point,case,activity,experiment,context,stage,system(用where引导定从)主语从句中的连接词that与wether连接代词what,whatever,who,whoever,whose,which,whichever连接副词when(ever),where(ever),how(ever),why,howlong,howoften,howsoon,howfar,howmany/muchit和主语从句Itis+n+that从句It’safact/ashame/apity/nowonder/goodnews/commonknowledge/oflittle+that…Itis+adj+that从句It’simportant/vital/fundamental+thatsb(should)dosthItis+过去分词+that从句It’swell-know/generallythought+that句子It+不及物动词+that+从句Itseems/happened/doesnotmatter/hasturnedout…that+句子It+完成时+that从句Ithasbeenfound/canbeseen/mustbepointedout+that从句宾语从句连接词that,whether,if主+谓+宾从主+谓+间接宾语+宾从非谓语动词+宾从介词+宾从动词+it+宾语补足语+that+宾从表语从句where,why,because,how主语是reason时，表从长用that不用becauseas,asif引导表从同位语从句抽象名词+that+陈述句抽象名词+其他成分+that+陈述句状语从句时间状语从句when,while,as,since,before,after,once,everytime,eachtime,whenever,till,until,themoment,assoonas,theminute,immediately,nosooner…than…,hardly…when…,scarcely…when…条件状语从句if,unless/not,as/solongas,as/sofaras,incase,providedthat,onconditionthat,evenif/though,asif/though,onlyif,ifonly地点状语从句where(在…的地方),wherever原因状语从句because,becauseof,as,since,nowthat,consideringthat,seeingthat,resultfrom,for,dueto结果状语从句that,so,sothat,so…that…,such…that…,therefore,leadto,inorder,resultin,asaresult,consequently目的状语从句that,sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest,inorder(not)todosth比较状语从句as…as…,notso/as…as…