2019年中考英语短文填空专练

2019年中考英语短文填空分级专练（注：本练习以最新的国外网站的easyEnglishforreading材料为基础编写）根据汉语意思，用正确的英语单词形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。（1）Todaytherearemorefiresthaninthepast.Over100,000wildfiresburneachyearinAmerica.Russiahas20,000to35,000wildfiresand1（澳大利亚）hasabout60,000eachyear.Thesefiresdestroyhugeareasofforestsandburn2（百）ofhomes.Manyexpertsbelievethereareseveral3（原因）forthissuddenincreaseinfires.Thefirstreasonisclimatechange.In2010,Russiahadthe4（热）anddriestsummerwithstrongwindsinacentury.Injustonemonth,500firesdestroyedover2,000homes.Somepeople5（失去）theirlives.Traditionalfire-fightingpracticesareanotherreasonfortheincreaseinfires.InAmerica,firefightersusedtoquicklyputouteveryfireas6（迅速地）astheycould.Theydidn’tallowthegrassandtreestoburn.Asaresult,todaymanyforestshavethickervegetationwhichprovidesmorefuel7（为、给）fires.Sosurprisingly,Americahasmanymorefirestodaypartlybecauseofitspastfire-fightingpractices.Scientistsnowunderstandthatafirecanbea8（自然的)partofahealthyforest.Asaresult,countrieslikeAustralia9（允许）somefirestoburnnaturally.Thefiremakesoldtreesthinner.Thisallowssunlighttoreachtheground.Asaresult,fireshelpnewtreestogrow.Therefore,10（如果）afireisnotaseriousthreattopeople,firefightersmayletitburnnaturally._____2._______3.______4.____5.______6.______7.______8._____9.______10.______（2）Howpowerfulareourbrains?AChinesescienceTVshow1（名叫、叫着）SuperBrainhastheanswer.Theshowisabouttalentedpeople2（显示）theirgreatbrainpower(脑力).

Itistruethatthesepeoplehavespecialtalents.But3（训练）isalsoveryimportant.“Thebrainsofcompetitorsarenot4（不同的）fromcommonpeople.Theirsuccessescomefromhardworkandtraining,”WeiKunlin,apsychologicalprofessor(心理学教授)atPekingUniversityandoneofthejudgesoftheshow,saidonWeibo.

Howtoimproveourbrainpower

Exercise

Studiessaythatexercisemakessome5（能力）ofourbrainsbetter,suchasplanning,organizinganddoingdifferenttasks.Exercisealso6（帮助）putusinagoodmood.

Trainyourmemory

Themoreyoutrytorememberthings,the7（强壮的）yourmemorywillbe.Ifyoutrain8（你自己）torememberphonenumbersandotherimportantnumbers,youmayseeachange.

Doingsomethingnew

9（尝试）somethingnewhelpsmakenewneuralpathways(神经通路)inyourbrain.Thisimprovesyourintelligence(智力).Youcouldtakeanewroadtoschool,tryanewsnackor10（甚至）doanewexercise!_____2.______3.______4.______5.______6.______7._______8.______9._______10.______（3）WhatdoAustralianteenagersdointheirfreetime?Manyofthemliketospenditwiththeirfriends.Theyplaytogetheroutsideordosomeshopping.ButagirlnamedShanayaWhitespendsher1（空闲的）timeinadifferentway—sheworkshardtocheerupthose2（儿童）withseriousillnesses.ShanayacomesfromQueensland.InSeptember2014,shespentfourdaysinhospitalbecauseofan3（疾病）.Shefounditwasreallyhardtostayinhospital.She4（觉得、感觉）upsetwhenshethoughtmanychildrenhadtostayinhospitalforweeksandmonthsbecauseofillnesses.Afterlearningmoreaboutchildhoodillnesses,she5（决定）tohelpthosechildren.ShemadeaFacebookPage.Onit,shepostedstoriesofotherchildren’sfightsagainstillnesses,hoping6（更多的）peoplewouldcareaboutthosechildren.“InameitHappyLittleSmiles7（因为）Iwanttobringhappinessandsmilestothekidsinneed,”saidShanaya.She8（也）made“HappyPacks”andsentthepackstothosechildrenwithillnesses.（在……里面）9hepacks,thereweretoys,booksandamixofactivities.Itwasasuccessandshemademanysickchildrensmile.Andthankstoher,moreandmorepeoplebeganto10（关心）aboutandhelpthechildren.（4）OnFebruary5th,

LunarNewYear

began.Thisyearisthe

YearofthePig.InChina,1（千）ofpeoplecelebratedit.Someperformersre-enactedhistoricalceremonies,whilepeople2（举办）familymeetingsandparties.3（其他人）burnedthefirst

josssticks

oftheyeartobring4（他们）goodluck.InNorthKorea,people5（庆祝）thenewyear,too,6（尽管）abitdifferently.Theylaidwreathsatthestatuesoftheirleadersand7（鞠躬）tothem.NorthKoreansdidnotusetorecognizeLunarNewYear,8（但是）nowitisaholidaythere,too.However,NorthKoreans9（必须）paytheirrespectstothecountry’sleaders.InSingapore,peoplecelebrated10（通过）havingfireworksdisplays.1._____2.______3._____4.______5.______6.______7.______8._____9._____10._____（5）Chinaisthelargestproducerof

pork,butitishavingabig1（问题）atthemoment.Thereisan

epidemic（流行病）

whichis2（杀害）itspigs.LastAugust,people3（第一）discoveredthevirus（病毒）inChina,but1millionpigsare4（死的）now.Thevirusisdeadlyandwhenapig5（患上）it,itisgoingtodie.Chinathinksthatonethirdof6（它的）pigsaregoingtodiebythe7（尽头、末端）ofthisyear.Thevirusalso

8（传播）

toMongolia,VietnamandCambodiawherearound95,000pigsdied.1.______2.______3._______4._______5._______6._______7.________8._______（6）AccordingtotheInternationalFundforAnimalWelfare(IFAW),

poachers（盗猎者）

kill28,0001（大象）everyyearworldwide.A

former

armyofficer2（谈论）aboutthebiggerpictureofpoaching.Shesaidthatpeoplecallpoachingitsname,butitismore3（像)war.Somebody

arms

thepoachers,whoare4（连接）intonetworks,whichmovethe

ivory

and

horns.IFAWgaveKenyanrangersasmartphoneapp5（名叫）tenBoma.Theyaretestingitinaconservationareaof42,000square6（公里）,andtheappletstherangers7（看见）andenterdataonthego.8（从……）2016,elephantpoachingdeathswerereducedby11%.1._____2.______3._______4._______5._______6.______7._____8._______（7）Theconstructionoftheworld’slongestcross-seabridge1（完成）anditopenedlastTuesday.TheHongKong–Zhuhai–MacaoBridgeis55kilometres2（长）,anditreducestraveltimefrom43（小时）tojust45minutes.Peopleoriginallyscheduledthe

launch

for2016,butthebridgewas

troubled

by4（所有的）kindsofproblems.ManyHongKongactivistsseetheproject5（当作）apoliticalstatement.HongKongpoliticianClaudiaMosaidthatHongKongis6（已经）connectedtomainlandChinaineveryway(land,airandsea).YetChina,she

claimed,7（需要）thebridgeasapolitical8（象征、标志）toremindHongkongersthattheyareconnectedtothe

motherland._____2.______3.______4.______5._______6._______7.________8._______（8）TheWorldHealthOrganization

sentout

newguidelineson1（体力的）activityandsleepforchildrenunder5.Theguidelinesoverall

repeated

whatmany2（父母）havebeensayingforyears.Generally,childrenshouldmovemore,sitlessandgetenoughqualitysleepsothatthey3（生长）upphysicallyandmentallyhealthy.Children4（两者之间）theagesof1and4should5（花费）atleastthreehoursadayinallkinds

ofphysicalactivities,and

babies

less6（比）1yearoldshouldalsobephysicallyactiveseveraltimesaday.TheWHOsaysthatkidsbetween2and4yearsoldshouldnotspendmorethananhouraday7（观看）anelectronicscreen,andkidsyoungerthanthatshouldnotbelookingat8（它们）atall.1._____2.______3.______4._______5._______6._______7._______8.________（9）InFrance,theNotreDameCathedralcaughtonfireearlierthisweekfromanaccident,accordingtoinvestigations.The

largefire

1（来）downtheCathedral’s

spire

andburnedthroughtheceiling.However,allisnotlost,asthestructureofthe2（建筑物）andthetwofronttowersstillstand.AFrenchofficialsaidthat15or30more3（分钟）minutesofthefirecouldhave4（改变）allofthis.Anofficialdirectedfirefightersto5.（拯救、挽救）savemuchofthesmallerand6（重要的）piecesofart,includingChrist’scrownandSaintLouis’

tunic.Those7（（艺术品）幅）ofartarenowintheLouvre.Peoplewillremovethelargerpiecesofartwhenthebuildingismorestable.Thearthassmokedamage,but8（人们）canrepairandrestoretheworks.1._____2.______3.______4.______5.______6._______7._______8._______（10）Forthefirsttime,plantsfromEartharegrowingonthemoon.China'sspaceagencyshowed1（相片、照片）ofcottonseedssproutingintolife.Itsaidtheywere2（在(三者以上)之间）severalplantsthatweregrowing.Theotherplantsincludepotatoes,rockcressandrapeseed.ItispartofaChineseprojecttothe3（远的、遥远的）sideofthemoon.Theprojectiscalleda"moonsurfacemicro-ecologicalcircle".ProjectleaderLiuHanlongsaysthecottonwasthefirsttosprout.Hesaidhe4（选择）theplantsbecausetheyweresmall,5（强壮的)andcouldgrowinthedifficultconditionsonthemoon'ssurface.ProfessorHanlongsaidtheaimwastounderstandhow6（作物、植物）growinspaceandtodevelopplantsthatcangrowonthemoonorinspace.Theprofessorsaidtheteamislookingatthefuturesurvivalinspace.7（学习、了解）abouttheseplantsgrowingcouldallowustolaythefoundationforstartinga8（太空、空间）base.Theprojectalsoincludesyeastandfruitfliesincreatingamini-ecosystem.Theplantswill9（生产、产生）oxygenandfoodforthefruitflies;theyeastcouldchangetheflies'wasteandthedeadplantsinto10（另一的）kindoffoodsource.1.____2._____3._____4._______5.______6.______7._______8.______9._______10_____根据首字母，用正确的英语单词填空，使短文完整、通顺。（1）In1971,apooryoungmanwastravelingacrossthecountry,tryingtomakeanewstartforhimself.Ontheway,hehadcompletelyrunoutofm1,sohehadnofoodtoeatandhadtoliveinhiscar.Thiscontinueduntilonemorning.Afteraweekofsleepinginhiscar,hewalkedi2arestaurantandorderedabigbreakfast.Aftereatinghisfirstgoodmealinweeks,hefoundhehadtol3tothewaiter,tellinghimhehadlosthiswallet.Hewassoembarrassedthathisfaceturnedred.Thewaiter,alsotheowner,walkedbehindtheyoungman’sseat.Hebentdown（弯腰）,andstoodupwitha$20billinhishand.Its4asifithadfallenonthefloor.“Son,youmusthavedroppedthis.”theownersaid.Theyoungmanwassos5thathecouldn’tbelievehiseyes!Hequicklyp6forthebreakfastandheadedwest.Onthewayoutoftown,herealized,“Mayben7droppedthemoneyatall.MaybetheowneroftherestaurantjustknewIwasintroubleandhehelpedmeinawaythatdidn’tembarrassme.Whatakindpersonheis!I8Ihavethechanceinthefuture,Iwilldothesametohelpothers.”Nowolder,themanlivesnearKansasCity.Eachyearhegivesawaythousandsofdollarstopoorpeople.Heisk9asthe“SecretFatherChristmas”,becauseatChristmastimeeachyear,hepersonallyhandsmoneyouttothoseh10peopleonthestreets.Lastyear,hegavemorethan$50,000awayinKansasCity._______2.________3.______4.______5.______6._______7.______8.______9._____10.___（2）Doyouknowwhyyoucan’tconcentrateonclassandhomework?Someofthemostcommonreasonsarenon-medicalandsimple.Youcanchangeitbysmallthings.Manystudiesshowthatstudentscan’tgete1_sleep.Thoughtheyarebusyeveryday,theymustfindaw2tosleepatleast8hoursiftheyhaveaseriousconcentrationproblem.Donotworryabouteverything.Middleschoolisanexcitingtime,b3itcanalsobeastressfultime.Ifso,youmightneedtotalktoyourparents,yourteachersoryourfriendstod4withyourworries.Areyouhavingadifficulttimeconcentratingb5youjustcan'tgetsomeoneoutofyourhead?That’slove.Ifso,youjustn6todiscipline(约束)yourself.Makesureinsideandoutsidey7headisallaboutstudy.Foodisanotherpotential(潜在的)problemwhenitcomestoconcentration.Fore8,ifyougettoomuchcaffeine,youmayhaveinsomnia,headachesandnervousness.Thesearesuretoa9yourconcentration.Beingboredisanotherbigculprit(罪魁祸首)whenwetalkabouttheconcentration.Whatcanyoudo?Youcangiveyourselfagoalandt10ofawaytomakethegoalcometrue.1._____2._____3._____4._____5.______6.______7.______8.______9.______10._____（3）Areyouadog?Don’tbesurprised.Idon’treallymeanthatyoureallyaretheanimaldog.Here,itm1,“Areyoubornintheyearofdog?”AmongtwelveChineseZodiac（十二生肖）animals,dogisoneoft2.And2018istheyearofdog.Withthecomingoftheyearofdog,Iwanttosharesomeidioms(习语)aboutdogs.Doyouleadadog’slife?Ihopenot.Ifwesays3isleadingadog’slife,wemeanthispersonisverypoor.Maybehelivesinadog-eat-dogworld,soit’stoocompetitivetomakeal4.Ifhewantstobesuccessfulorrich,heh5toworklikeadog.Butifheworkstoohard,hewillbedog-tiredorevensickasadog.H6,hewillnevergiveup,becausehethinkseverydoghasitsday.Hebelievesthathewillmakeitoneday.HaveyouexperiencedthehotweatherinChongqingd7summertime?Youmayhopeitrainscatsanddogs.Thelistofdogidiomsgoeson.Theseareonlysmallpartofit.Someofthemhavegoodmeanings,w8somehavebadones.Whatevertheymean,alwaysremember,dogisman’sgoodf9whocanunderstandthehuman’sspirit.Itfollowsitsmaster,w10heiswealthyornot.Weshouldtreatitasourfriendandfamily._____2._____3._____4.______5.______6.______7.______8.______9.______10.______（4）Atthestartof2019,Chinadidsomethingthatnootherspaceprogramhaseverdone–itlandedaspacecraftonthesurfaceofthef1sideofthemoon.Thereasonpeoplesentspacecrafttothenearsideisb2spacecraftneedtofaceEarthinorderto

establish

adirectr3linkwith

groundcontrol.Chinesescientists

gotaround

thisbys4asatellitearound64,000kilometresbeyondthemoon.Thissatellitewillconstantlysendasignalb5Earthandthespacecraftonthemoon.TheChinese

rover

willexplorethelunarsurfaceusingaseriesofscientificinstrumentstos6oneofthemoon’slargestando7craters（火山口）.Scientistshopetofindandstudymaterialfromthedeeplunarcratertoseei8theinformationcanhelpusunderstandthemoon’sevolution,aswellash9thecraterwasformed.Also,becausethefarsideofthemoonishiddenfromEarth’s

radionoise,thiscouldbeanexcellentp10to

perform

clearradioastronomy.1.____2.______3._____4.______5.______6.______7.______8.______9.______10._______（5）YoungpeopleplaythegameFortnitemorethantheywatchTV,moviesandstreamingvideos.ThevideostreamingserviceNetflixsaidthis.Gamingisb1morepopularwithyoungpeopleworldwide.TVisbecomingl2popular.NetflixsaidFortnitewasitsbiggestcompetitor.Fortniteismuchmorepopularwithyoungm3.TheAmericanEconomicAssociationsaidthatb42015and2017,menagedbetween21and30s5moretimeongaming.Theywentfromplaying2.3h6adayto4hours.TheirtimespentwatchingTV,moviesorstreamingfell.NetflixsaiditmustdomoretocompetewithFortnite.ItsaidFortnitewasabigc7in"theglobalwarforInternetusers".Netflixsaid:"Therearet8ofcompetitorsinthismarket[trying]toentertainconsumers."FortniteisownedbythecompanyEpicGames.Ithas200millionusers.O980millionpeopleplaythegameeachmonth.Fortniteispopularbecauseitscompetitiveversionisfree.OtherpartsofthegamehelpedEpictomake$3billioninprofitlastyear.Epichasplanstomakeitso10appandgamestore.ThiswillbecheaperthanApple'sandGoogle's.1.____2._____3.______4.______5._____6._____7._____8._____9._____10._____（6）Astudyshowswecouldlearnvocabularywhileweareasleep.Thisisgreatnewsforstudentst1tolearnanewlanguageorincreasetheirknowledgeofwords.ResearchersinSwitzerlandshowedthatitisp2tolearnnewinformationwhilesleepingdeeply,andthenrecallthisi3whenweneeditlater.Theresearchersdidtestsonwhetherornotapersoncanr4newwordsandtheirtranslationswhiletheywereasleep.Theresearcherssaidours5brainismuchmoreawareoftheoutsideworldthanwethought.Aresearchersaid,“languageareasofthebrainandthe...brain’sessentialmemoryhubwereactivated”afterapersonw6up.Theseareasofthebrainremembervocabularyduringdeepsleep.D7deepsleep,ourbrainisactiveforabouthalfasecond.Itthenentersaperiodofinactivity.Theactivestateiscalled“up-state”andtheinactivestateisc8“down-state.”The“up-state”periodiswhenourbraincouldlearnn9vocabulary.Theresearcherssaymoreresearchisneededtobe100percentsuret10wecanlearnvocabularywhileasleep.1.____2.____3.______4.______5.______6.______7.______8.______9.______10._______（7）Peoplesay:“Theearlybirdcatchestheworm.”Itmeanspeoplewhowakeupearlydomanythings.U.S.PresidentBenjaminFranklinsaid:“Earlytobed,earlytorisem1amanhealthy,wealthy,andwise.”Thesesayingsm2betrue.ScientistsintheU.K.foundthatpeoplewhogotobedb311pmmaydobetterinlife.Theyaddedthatpeoplewhos4andwakeupearly(earlybirds)haveanadvantageoverpeoplewhosleepandwakeuplate(nightowls).Theyfoundd5inthebrainfunctionofearlybirdsandnightowls.Thescientiststested38people.Thepeopleansweredquestionnairesabouttheirsleepandwhentheyf6tired.Theywerethenputintoanearlybirdornightowlgroup.AllofthepeoplehadMRIbrainscansanddidtestst7theday.Theearlybirdssaidtheyfeltlesssleepy.Theydidthetestsq8thanthenightowls.Therewerebigdifferencesbetweenthetwogroups.Theresearcherssaidnightowlshavetog9upearlyforschoolandwork.Theyarealwaysfightinga10wantingtosleeplateandtheirnaturalrhythm.1.______2._______3._______4._______5.________6._____7._______8.____9._____10.______（8）Doyouwanttoseeinthedark?Thismightbepossible.Scientistsgavemicetheabilitytoseenear-infraredlight.Thisisakindofl1thatmicecannotusuallysee.ResearchersfromuniversitiesinChinaandtheUSAc2thevisionofthemicetheytested.Theyinjectedspecialnanoparticlesintotheire3.Thesenanoparticlesletthemiceseebetterinthedark.Theinjectionsmeantthemicecouldseeinthed4forabout10weeks.Thescientistssaidtheinjectionsdidnotdamagetheeyesightofthemice.Theeyesofthemicedidnotsufferf5anysideeffects.Theresearchispublishedinthejournal“Cell”.Theresearchershopetheirtestscouldbed6onhumans.ResearcherDrTianXuesaid:“Humanbeingshaveb7tryingtodevelopnewtechnologytoenableabilitiesthatarebeyondo8naturalabilities.”Hesaidtestsinthefuturecouldlethumansseeinthedark.DrTianadded:“Anothercoolthingaboutthispotentialtechnologyisthatitwouldn’trequireapersontow9heavyandenergy-intensiveequipment,suchasnight-visiongoggles.”Healsosaidthemilitarymightbei10inhisresearch.1._____2______3______4._______5_______6-_______7________8________9_______10_____（9）TheWorldWideWebisthirtyyearsold.Itsinventorhaswrittenaboutitonthe30thanniversary.Hewasworriedabouth1peopleareusingtheInternetanditstwobillionwebsites.HeisconcernedaboutthefutureoftheWeb.Hew2thatheknewmanypeoplefeltunsureaboutwhethertheWebwas“aforceforgood”.Hebelievesitcanbea3thatitcanempowerbillionsofpeople.Hebelievesg4andcompaniesmustbuildab5Internet.Hesaid:“Ifweg6uponbuildingabetterWebnow,thentheWebwillnothavefailedus.WewillhavefailedtheWeb.”TheinventorhadthreemainworriesabouttheWorldWideWeb.Hesaiditwasa“mirrorofhumanity”where“youwillseeg7andbad”.Thefirstworrywascriminalbehavior,likehackingandonlineharassment.Governmentsmustp8lawstokeeppeoplesafe.Asecondworryishowsocialmediaspreadsmisinformation,e9fakenews.Manypeopleweretrickedduringthe2016USpresidentialelectionandtheUKBrexitvote.Afinalworryisaboutpeople'sprivacy.Theinventorstressedthei10offightingforabetterandsaferWeb.Hewantsittobefreetouse.1.______2._____3._____4.______5.______6._____7.______8.______9.______10._______（10）ItishardforschoolsinEngland.Theyhavelittlemoneytospendandhavetocutbackonmanythings.TheUKgovernmenthascutschoolbudgets.AheadteacherinsouthLondoncannotp1forcleanersorcanteenstaff.Shehastohelptocleanthetoiletsandservestudentsinthecafeteriah2.Sherecentlytoldreportersthatshewasembarrassedbecauseherschooldidnothaveenoughm3tosupportherstudents.Shehass4schoolland,cutsubjectsandfiredherdeputy-headteachertokeepherschoolopen.TheLondonschoolislikemanyschoolsintheUK.T5ofheadteachershavemadedifficultdecisionsabouth6tospendtheirschool’smoney.Over7,000headteacherswroteto3.5millionparentstoe7thereisnomoney.Schoolshaveaskedparentstovolunteertohelpthechildren.Someschoolsaskedp8fortoiletpaperandotherbasicsforclassrooms.Oneschoolgivesstudentsj9onesheetofA4paperamonth.HeadteacherswanttomeettheUK'seducationsecretary,b10herefused.TheUKgovernmentsaidfundingforeducationwasapriority.1._____2_____3_____4______5______6______7_______8_______9______10______三、根据短文内容，在短文的空格处填上一个恰当的词，使短文完整、通顺。（1）Werecyclerubbish,sowhynotlanguage?Recyclinglanguagemeansusingvocabulary（词汇）thatyouhave1beforeagainandagain.However,unlikerubbishthatpilesup（堆积）inourenvironment,ifwedonotrecycle2,wesimplyforgetit.Sohowdoyourecyclelanguage?Therearebasicallythreewaystodoit.Thefirstisthrough3.Gobacktoyourfavoritearticlesandreadthemoncemore.Justrereadthemanddonotworry4eachvocabularyitem.Iftherearesomethatyouarenotsureabout,makeaguessandyouwillprobablyguessright.Thesecondwaytorecycleitthroughwriting.5atsomeofyourfavoritearticlesandwriteeitherashortparagraphora6fewsentencesinyourownwords.Afteryouhavedonethisafewtimes,gobackandread7.whatyouhavewritten,checkingvocabularyfunctions.Don’tworry8youhavemademistakes.Youshouldlearnfrommistakes.Thethirdwaytorecyclelanguageisbyhavingachatwithyourselfabout9yourfavoritearticlesathome.Youcanpretendthereis10.withyouwhospeaksEnglishandtellhimwhatyouarethinkingaboutorhowyoufeel._____2.______3.______4._______5._______6._______7._______8._______9.______10.___（2）ConceptsofhappinessHowareyoufeelingtoday?Ouremotionscanvaryconsiderablydependingonmanyfactors,includingour1,wealth,relationshipsandwherewelive.Butsometimeswe2needtotakeastepbackandthinkabout3happinessreallymeansandhowwecanfindit.Maybeweshould

takealeafoutof

Finland's

book

–lastyeartheUN'sWorldHappinessReportfoundthecountrytobethe4placeonEarth.Thereportlookedat“subjective

well-being”.That’showhappypeople5theyareandwhybasedonfactorssuchas,economicstrength,socialsupport,lifeexpectancy,freedomofchoice,

generosity,andperceivedcorruption.Thisisjustoneway6measuringhappiness.Researchhasalsosuggestedthatwhilepersonal7feelingsof

pleasure

aretheaccepteddefinitionofhappinessinWesterncultures,EastAsianculturestendtoseehappiness8

socialharmony,andinsome9ofAfricaandIndiait’smoreabout10experiencesandfamily.____2._____3.______4.______5.______6.______7._______8._______9._______10._______（3）Inmodernsocietywecanseecompetitions（竞争）everywhere,bothinourworkandinourlife.Teamspirit（团队精神）issoimportantandhelpful.Itcanleadusto1inthecompetitions.Teamspiritmeansthatpeoplework2togetherandhelpeachotheraspartofateam.Withthisspirit,peopletryhardtomaketheirteamthe3ofall.Everyonehasexperienced（经历）teamspiritonewayoranother,whethertheywerepartofateamorsawagroupofpeople4fortheirfavoriteplayer.Therearedifferentkindsofteamspirit.Onekindisbetweenateamofpeoplewhoseeffortsandteamworkareneededinreaching5goal.Anotherkindsiswhenagroupofpeoplesupportaperson,ateamoreventheircountry.Teamspiritbringsgoodeffects.Ithelpstobuildsup6andtrust（信任）betweenpeoplewhomaynotgetonwellwhentheydon’thavesuchteamspirit.7teamspiritmayalsocausebadeffects.Forexample,toogreatteamspiritmaycausefightsorargumentswithotherteammembers.Somepeopledon’tunderstandteamspiritproperly.Theythinkteamspiritmeanshavingto8amemberofateamorafanclub.Infact,teamspiritcanbebuiltanywhere—betweenfriends,workmatesorevenbetweentwopeoplewhohavenever9before.Youdon’thavetowearthesameteamspiritclothes.Anyonecanshowteamspiritjust10showingsupportforthesamegoal.1._____2.______3._____4.______5.______6.______7.______8.______9._____10._____（4）Animalrightsactivistshavecoveredthemselvesinfake（假的）bloodinPamplona’smainsquare,inprotestatthecity’sweeklongSanFerminFestival.TheSpanishfestival,whichattracts1million1ayearfrom2theworld,includesdailybullrunsinthe3andbullfightsintheevening.Ithaslongdividedpeople,withsome

enjoyingthemselvesinalivelyandnoisyway

inthetraditionandothers4itinsteadasanimalcruelty（残忍）.Wearingnothing5blackunderwear,bullhornsandcarryingredbucketsreading,“Pamplona:BloodbathforBulls,”inmultiplelanguages,54protesters

cover

6andthestreetsinfakeblood.Theprotestwasorganizedbyanimalrightsorganizationswho7tobringanendtotheuseofbullsinSpain’sfiestas.Theysayaround50bullsare8ormistreatedoverthefestivitiesandthatforeignerscometoPamplonatoseea

showthatisillegalin9trowncountry.Therunningofthebulls10placeinPamplonaeveryyearfromJuly7thto14th.1.____2._____3.______4.______5.______6.______7._____-8._______9.______10._______（5）Themarcho