考研《英语一》2023年海安县全真模拟试卷含解析

考研《英语一》2023年海安县全真模拟试卷

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

AsayounggirlgrowingupinruralAlabama,Ineverunderstoodwhymymomspentsomuchtimebaking.Andshealwaysmademybrotherandme.her.Awholedayeveryotherweekwasdevotedtomakingbread.Italwaysmadeoursmall

armstired.

Despiteourbestefforts,theflourdustalwayswenteverywhere.I2tobeoutsidewithmyplaymates,andnever.3mymom'sdesireforqualityfamilytimewithherchildren,atleastwhenitcametospendingitinthe4Yearshavegoneby,andIhavebecomeamothermyself.Iprefertoleavemostofthecookingtomyhusbandandhelovesit.He'squite5

atdoingit,too.

Ononeoccasionmyhusbandwas6dinner,andIwasatthekitchentablegoingthroughtheday'smailwhenourlittleson,

Cody,askedifhecouldhelp.7Myhusbandsaidyes,andIsatthereamused,watchingthem.

"Whatareyoudoing?"Iasked.

"Helpingdadcook."herepliedwithabig8onhisface.Ithoughtbacktothose9whenmymomaskedmetohelp

herbakebread,andIwas10,butobeyed.Per-hapsshewastryingtocreatesomethingmorethanjustfresh

bread—maybeafewlasting11

AsIwatchedCodydoitwithallhisattention,Irealizedthathehad12alastingmomentforme,amomentfilledwith

adeepsenseoffamily.Iwantedtoholdthemomentandmakeitlonger,andappreciatethememoriesmymomhadgivenme

yearsagoinherkitchen.

1、A.

copy

B

.

help

C

.

notice

D.admire

2、A.

improved

B

.

encouraged

C

.

longed

D.blamed

3、A.

wondered

B

.

apprecial

C

.

judged

D.challenged

4、A.

kitchen

B

.

restaurant

C

.

bedroom

D.school

5、A.

unhappy

B

.

weak

C

.

astonished

D.skilled

6、A.

preparing

B

.

choosing

C

.

making

D.having

7、A.

play

B

.

work

C

.

cook

D.make

8、A.tear

9、A.dreams

10、A.excited

11、A.memories

12、A.continued

PartA

Directions:

B.surprise

B.time

B.regretful

B.choices

B.created

C

.

C

.

C

.

C

.

C

.

smile

mysteries

confident

opportunities

failed

D

.

D

.

D

.

D

.

D

.

mark

accidentsunwilling

goals

served

SectionIIReadingComprehension

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Markyour

answersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Overthecourseofhislongandamazingcareer,W.SomersetMaugham(1874-1965)achievedgreatsuccessasa

novelistandaplaywright.Nothappywithjustbeingawriter,Maughamwasalsoaspy.Butthiswaslessofasuccessthanhis

writing.

Dec15,2016marked51yearssincehisdeath,andMaugham'sworkshaveneverbeenoutofprint.OfHuman

Bondage(1915)washismasterpiece.Thetitlecomesfromthegreat17thcenturyDutchphilosopherBaruchSpinoza.The

philosopherthoughtthathumanbeingswereslavestowhattheywantedandneeded.That'sexactlywhatPhilipCarey,thehero

ofthenovel,experiences.

Careyisaslavetohisemotionalneeds.Hedoesn'tgetmuchlovewhenheisachild,sohelooksforlovelater.After

losingbothhisparentsearlyinhislife,Careyisraisedbyapaternalunclewhoisemotionallycold.Inhisadultlife,hegoesfromwomantowomanandjobtojob,ashefindsitastruggletofindeitherpersonalhappinessortherightjobforhistalents.

Notwantingtobecomealawyer,heiseventuallytrainedandqualifiedasaphysician.

Buttrueloveismuchhardertofind.Hefindsthatheattractswomenhehasnofeelingsforandfallsinlovewiththose

whohavenointerestinhimor,worse,trytotakeadvantageofhim.Heistornapartbythepainofhishelplessloveofa

waitressandnotbeingabletoreturntheloveofayoungartist.

AlthoughMaughamtriedtohideit,thebookisabouthisownlife.Carey'slovelesschildhoodandromantictroubleswere

Maugham'sown.However,hemanagedtoturnthesepainfuldetailsintoastorythatwouldinterestreaderswhosharehis

characters'feeling.

Maughamdoesnotjustwriteabouthislifeinthenovel.Hewritesaboutdeeplypersonalthingsinawaythatspeaksto

everyoneabouttheirwantsandneeds.

1、InwhichfielddidMaughamachievegreatsuccess?

A.Politics.B.Writing

C.SportD.Philosophy

2、WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?

A.Maugham'sworksmayneverappearinprint.

B.Maugham'sworksbecomeabighitovernight.

C.Maugham'sworksdon'ttopthebest-sellerlist.

D.Maugham'sworksarestillpopularamongreaders.

3、Thehero,Carey,inOfHumanBondage

A.isthemasterofhisownemotions

B.thinksit'smucheasiertofindtruelove

C.hasstrongemotionalneedsforlackoflove

D.rescueshimselffrombeingaslavetohisneeds

4、Whatisthearticlemainlyabout?

A.Maugham'smasterpiece.B.Maugham'sbeliefs.

C.Maugham'sloveforwriting.D.Maugham'spopularity.

Text2

Duetolightpollutionpresenteverywhere—glarefromtoomuchmisaimednightlighting—80%ofEuropeandNorth

Americanolongerexperiencesrealdarkness.Foranyonelivingnearamajormetropolis,asatelliteimageoftheMilkyWay(银河)seemsabstract;Weunderstandittobeadocumentofsomethingtrue,butourunderstandingispurelytheoretical.In1994,

afterapre-dawnearthquakecutpowertomostofLosAngeles,theGriffithObservatoryreceivedphonecallsfromfrightened

localpeopleaskingabout"thestrangesky".Whatthosecallerswereseeingwerestars.Darknessisacomplicatedthingto

measure.In2001,theamateurastronomerJohnBortledesignedascaletohelp.Hisclassificationrangefrom"inner-citysky"(class9),inwhichtheonly"pleasingviewsseenthroughatelescopearethemoon,theplanets,andafewofthebrighteststarclusters(团)",toaskysodark"theMilkyWaycastsobviousshadowsontheground"(class1).MostNorthAmericansand

Europeansliveunderclass6or7skies,inwhichtheMilkyWayisundetectable.Inthatkindofnight,apersoncanwander

outside,unfoldagardenchair,openanewspaper,andreadtheheadlines,ifnotthestories.

InadditiontotheBortlescale,scientistsoftenusephotodiodelightsensors(传感器)tomeasureandcomparebaselevels

ofdarkness.Unihedron'sSkyQualityMeteristhemostpopularinstrumentforthiskindofwork,partlybecauseitissmall

enoughtofitintoyourpocketandalsobecauseitconnectstoanonlineglobaldatabase.Accordingtothatdatabase,Cherry

SpringsStatePark—an82-acreparkinremoteruralPennsylvania—presentlyhastheseconddarkestscorelisted.

CherrySpringsislocatedlessthan300milesinlandfromtheUSeasternseaboard,inaregion—theEastCoast—that

contains36%ofthetotalUSpopulationandislitupeverynightlikeabackstagemakeupmirror.Whenpinpointedonasatellite

image,CherrySpringsisinthemiddleofanuncharacteristicallydarkarea—insulated(隔离),onallsides,byhundredsof

thousandsofacresofprotectedforestandsittingontopoftheAlleghenyPlateau,700metresabovesealevel.Mostofthesmall

townssurroundingtheparkaresituatedinvalleyswhereoutdoorlightisalreadyfailing.Thisunusualcombinationoffactors

explains,toacertaindegree,howCherrySpringsbecameoneofthedarkestplacesinAmerica.

1、WhatdidthephonecallstheGriffithObservatoryreceivedreveal?

A.Thecallerswereingreatfearofthesevereearthquake.

B.Peoplebelievedthatstarswouldbringthemmisfortune.

C.Peopleneededhelpandcomfortinfaceofabigdisaster.

D.Darknesshadbeenawayfromthelocalpeopleforages.

2、Whichclassificationofdarknessdoesthewriterseemtolikebest?

A.Class1.B.Class3.C.Class7.D.Class9.

3、Itcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat

A.lightfromheavenlybodiesismuchweaker

B.lightpollutionexistsmainlyinurbanareas

C.humaneyesightisgettingfrombadtoworse

D.lightpollutionhasbudinfluenceonusanytime

4、CherrySpringsisoneofthedarkestplacesinAmericapartlybecauseof

A.itsspecificlocationB.itslimitontheuseoflights

C.itsnaturalsurroundingsD.itssmallnativepopulation

Text3

Soapingupyourhandsmaydomorethanjustgetridofgerms.Itmaywashawaytheinnerconfusionyoufeelrightafterbeingforcedtomakeachoicebetweentwoappealingchoices,accordingtoanewstudy.Thestudybuildsonpastresearchinto

aphenomenonknownas"theMacbetheffect".

ItturnsoutthatShakespearewasreallyontosomethingwhenheimaginedladyMacbethtryingtocleanherconscience(良

心)byrubbinginvisiblebloodstainsfromherhands.Afewyearsago,scientistsaskedpeopletodescribeapastwrongact.If

peoplewerethengivenachancetocleantheirhands,theylaterexpressedlessguiltthanpeoplewhohadn'tcleaned.

ThisfindingfascinatedW.S.Lee,aresearcher."Anythingfromthepast,anykindofnegativeemotionalexperiences,

mightbewashedaway,"saysLee.

Hedecidedtotesthandwashing'seffectononekindofbadfeeling:thetensionwefeelafterbeingforcedtochoose

betweentwoattractivechoices,becausepickingonechoicemakesusfeelthatwe'velosetheother.Peopleusuallytrytocalm

thisinnerconflictbylaterexaggerating(夸大)thepositiveaspectsoftheirchoice.

Hehadstudentsrank10differentmusicCDs.ThenheofferedstudentsoneCDasagift.Somestudentsthenuseliquid

Text4

soap.Othersonlylookedatthesoaporsniffed(嗅)it."Actually,youdonotneedwaterandsoap,"saysLee.

Later,thestudentsagainhadtorankallthemusic.Peoplewhodidn'twashtheirhandshadthenormalresponse—theyscoredtheirtake-homeCDhigher,suggestingthattheynowsawitasevenmoreattractivethanbefore.Butthiswasn'ttruefor

thehandwashers.Theyrankedthemusicaboutthesame."theyfeelnoneedatalltojustifythechoice,"sayLee.

Buttheimplicationsofitjustaren'tclear.Schwarzsaysit'stoosoontoknowwhetherpeopleshouldheadforasinkaftermakingatoughchoice.Hesayswashingmayhelpdecision-makersbycleaningawaymentaldisorder,butperhapsiftheydon't

gothroughtheusualpost-decisionprocessofjustifyingtheirchoice,theymightfeelmoresorrowinthelongrun.

1、TheMacbetheffectreferstothefactthat

A.ShakespearedidscientificresearchbeforewritingMacbeth

B.soapingupone'shandmayhelpwashawaytheinnerconfusionandmakeadecision

C.peoplefeellessguiltybygettingridofinvisiblegermsfromtheirhands

D.peoplefeellessashamedafterwashingtheirhands

2、AccordingtoLee,afterpeoplemakethechoice

A.theywilloverstatethegoodnessoftheirchosenchoice

B.theywillfeelregretfulfornotchoosinganother

C.theywillfeelfreeduetothefeelingoflosingtheotherchoice

D.theywillthinknothingoftheirchosenchoiceanymoretocalmtheirinnerconflict

3、AccordingtoLee,thehandwashersconsiderthejudgmentofchoice

A.morescientificB.unnecessary

C.alittleconvincingD.absolutelyuseless

4、WhatdoesSchwarzneedtoresearchmore?

A.Whetherpeopleneedtojustifytheirchoice.

B.Whetherpeoplefeelmoresorrowafterwashinghands.

C.Whetherwashinghandshelpoveralongperiodoftime.

D.Whetherwashinghandsishelpfultomakeachoice.

5、Whatmightbethemostsuitabletitleforthepassage?

A.IsWashingHandsNecessarytoDefeatTension?

B.WashingHands,WashesOurMind

C.WashingHands,HelpsMakeaBetterChoice

D.WashingHands,ReducestheStressofDecision

Toerrishuman.Societyissufferingfromaninabilitytoacknowledgeasmuch.

Forindividuals,errorsarepainful.Thetrick,then,istoerrwell:torecognizemistakesandlearnfromthem.Worryingly,

humanitymaybegettingworseatadmittingitsmistakes.

Fewenjoythefeelingofbeingcaughtoutinanerror.Butrealtroublestartswhenthedesiretoavoidapunishmentleadsto

arefusaltodealwithcontraryevidence.Economistsoftenassumethatpeoplearesensible.Whenfacedwithanewfact,these

peopleshouldupdatetheirviewoftheworldtotakebetterdecisionsinfuture.Yetyearsofeconomicresearchconfirmsthat

peoplefrequentlydisregardinformationthatconflictswiththeirviewoftheworld.

Whyshouldthatbe?LastyearRolandBenabou,ofPrinceton,presentedaframeworkforthinkingabouttheproblem.Inmanyways,beliefsarelikeothereconomicgoods.Peoplespendtimeandresourcesbuildingthem,andgetvaluefromthem:

somebeliefsmakeownersfeelgoodandshowtheirpublicidentity;otherbeliefsprovidevaluebyshapingbehavior—for

example,religiousasceticism(禁欲主义)canhelponeavoidunhealthyhabits.

Becausebeliefs,however,arenotsimplytoolsformakinggooddecisions,butaretreasuredintheirownright,new

informationthatchallengesthemisunwelcome.Peopleoftenengagein"motivatedreasoning"tomanagesuchchallenges.Mr

Benabouclassifiesthisintothreecategories."Strategicignorance"iswhenabelieveravoidsinformationofferingconflicting

evidence.In"realitydenial",troublingevidenceisrationalized(合理化):realestateinvestorsmightmakeupfancifultheoriesforwhypricesshouldbehaveunusually,andsupportersofadisgracedpoliticianmightclaimthenegativenewstobefake.Andlastly,in"self-signalling",thebelievercreateshisowntoolstointerpretthefactsinthewayhewants:anunhealthyperson,for

example,mightdecidethatgoingforadailyrunprovesheiswell.

"Motivatedreasoning"isacognitivebias(偏见).Notalltheerrorsitleadstoarecostly:praisingtheperformanceof

one'ssupportedfootballteamdespitecontradictoryevidencedoeslittleharm.Butwhenbiasesarebroadlyshared—within

financialworldorpoliticalparties—dangerarises.Motivatedreasoninghelpsexplainwhyviewpointspolarize(两极分化)even

asinformationismoreeasilyavailablethaneverbefore.

WorkbyMrBenabousuggeststhatgroupthinkishighestwhenpeoplewithingroupsfaceasharedfate:whenchoosingto

breakfromagroupisunlikelytospareanindividualthecostsofthegroup'serrorsorbringmuchindividualbenefit.The

incentive(动力)toengageinmotivatedreasoningishighasaresult.Evenasthefactonaparticularissueisobvious,parties

canstillbecomeincreasinglypolarized.That,inturn,canmakeitharderstillforamemberofonepartytogetanybenefitfrom

breakingfromagroup.Indeed,thegrouphasanincentivetosilenceindependentvoices.

Publicstatementsofregretareriskyinarigidlypolarizedworld.Admissionsoferrorcannotonlyannoypartnersbutalso

provideopportunitiesforopponents.Butitisrarelyintheinterestofthoseintherighttopretendthattheyareneverwrong.

1、Accordingtothepassage,beliefsaresimilartoeconomicgoodsinthat.

A.bothareentertainingandvaluableB.bothcanbeshapedbyreligiousfaith

C.bothcanreflectwhotheownersareD.bothpromotereligiousdevelopment

2、Whichofthefollowingisanexampleof"self-signalling"?

A.Afanspeakshighlyofhisteamalthoughithasjustlostthegame.

B.Amancovershisearswhenstealingabell,believingthebellwon'tring.

C.SupportersofTrumpbelievethenewsabouthisaffairswithaladyisfake.

D.SuspectedAIDScarriersrefusetobetestedthoughitcanbedoneforfree.

3、WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraphs6and7?

A.Polarizationcausesindividualstobreakfromthegroup.

B.Richersourcesofinformationdecreasemotivatedreasoning.

C.Individualswithindependentvoicesaredismissedfromthegroup.

D.Individualsinagroupengageinmotivatedreasoningfortheirowninterests.

4、Whichofthefollowingopinionsmighttheauthoragreewith?

A.Denyingerrorsisunavoidable.

B.Failuretoadmiterrorsisharmful.

C.Humansaregettingbetteraterringwell.

D.Wisepeopleignorecontraryworldviews.

PartB

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Aroundtheworld,malnutrition(营养不良)hasbecomeaproblemthatcosts$1.5trillionperyear,accordingtothelatest

GlobalNutritionReport

Althoughmostcountrieshavefallenshortintheirefforts2.(deal)withpoor

nutritionandfoodinsecurity,thereportfound,theUSappearstobebadlyofftrack,3.hasmorethanamillionoverweight

children"Malnutritionismoreresponsibleforill-health4.anyothercauseThehealthconsequencesofoverweightandobesity

leadtofourmillion5.(die)globally,"CorinnaHawkes6.(write)inthereport

Accordingtothestudy,mostcountrieshaveatleasttwoissues7.(relate)tomalnutritionThemostseriousissuesare

childrenwhoeitherareoverweight8.sufferfromundevelopedgrowthThose9.(serious)affectedmaynotbeabletoget

10.goodjobastheyexpectwhentheygrowupItalsopreventsthemfrom11(contribute)tosocietyaswellastheywould

haveinahealthierenvironment

OscarPistoriuswasbornintoHenkeandSheilaPistoriusinJohannesburg,SouthAfricaonNovember22,1986,with

fibularhemimelia(腓侧半肢畸形)inbothlegsWhenhewas11monthsold,hislegswereamputated(截肢)halfway1.his

kneesandanklesInmosthomes,thatwouldbringyearsofsadnessNotsoin2.

"Igrewupinahomewheredisabilitywasnot3.issue,"Pistoriussays"Myparentsmademecherish4.Ihad"

Pistoriusstartedrunningin2004,andbecamemoreandmoresuccessful5.(know)as"theBladeRunner"and"theFastestManonNoLegs",Pistoriustookpartinthe2004SummerParalympics(残奥会)inAthensand6.(come)third

overallintheT44(onelegamputatedbelowtheknee)100-metreevent

Atthe2012SummerOlympicsonAugust4,Pistoriusbecamethefirstamputeerunner7.(compete)atanOlympic

GamesInthe400metresrace,hetooksecondplaceinthefirstheatoffive8.(run),finishingwithatimeof9.4410.(second)

toadvancetothesemi-finalsonAugust11.Heraninthesecondsemi-final,wherehefinishedeighthwithatimeof12.54

secondsInthe200metrescompetitionhesetanewworldrecordof13.30secondsinhisheatonAugust29,14.wasdefeated

inthefinalbyAlanOliveiraofBrazilandtooksilver

SectionIIITranslation

Directions:

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Yougotoastoretobuyfoodforaparty.Butwhenyougettothecashregister,therearenoplasticbagsforthethingsyoubuy.IfyouliveinSanFrancisco,thissituationmightnotsurpriseyou.1、ManycitiesandtownsaroundtheUnitedStatesmaybanplasticbags.2、Instead,they'dlikepeopletousetheirownclothbagswhentheyshop.3、Theysaytheywouldn'tbuy

asmuchiftheycouldn'tgetafreebag.Storeownersdon'twanttolosebusiness.Sotheywanttokeepofferingplasticbags.

Storesshouldbebannedfromusingplasticbags.Here'swhy:

Allthoseplasticbagsfillupgarbagedumps(垃圾站).Thathurtstheenvironment.

Peoplecanuseclothbagsinstead.4、Storesshouldnotbebannedfromusingplasticbags.Here'swhy:

Peoplemightbuylessifstoresdon'tofferplasticshoppingbags.Somestoresmightgooutofbusiness.

Somepeoplereuseplasticshoppingbagsforthingslikegarbage.Iftheydon'tgetthemforfree,they'llhavetobuy

some.5、Thatcouldgetexpensive.

A.Thesebagsdon'tgetthrownawayuntilthey'vebeenusedmanytimes.

B.Thereshouldalwaysbeachoice.

C.Ifshoppersforgotaclothbag,theywouldhavetobuyone.

D.Butmanypeopledon'twanttobuytheirownclothbags.

E.Manypeoplethrowthemawayafterusing