unit-1听力原文及B答案

Unit

1Section

AFamous

Universities

in

the

World陈晓明MonologueConversationPassage□Passage

1□I.

4-8-1-7-2-9-4-3-6-10□II.□1

.

10,000;

3,500□2

.

details;

involved□3

.

subject

requirements;

qualificatio□4

.

processes

all

applications□5.

achieve;

confirmedPassage2□1.1853□2.distinctive□3.academic□4.freedom,

honesty,

openness

and

rigor□5.research□6.to

strengthen

its

core

intellectualdisciplines□7.teaching□8.to

attract

the

brighteststudentPassage2□9.

public-spirited□10.

declares

its

intention□11

.

serve

public

ends□12.

based

on

evidence

and

reason□13

.

internationally

engaged□14.

undertakes

to

work

with□1

5.

to

meet

global

challengesLecture□1.

was

founded;

in

1827;

institution□2.

affiliated

teaching

hospitals;

Faculty□3.

Canada’s;

an

international

reputation;

agreater

range

of

courses

than□4.

liberal

arts

education;

insistence

on;graduate

education;

doctoral

candidates□5.

quality

and

range;

attract

students;province;

country;

abroadCultural

Link□1.Ivy

League常春藤联盟大学□An

association

of

eight

universities

and

colleges

in

thenortheast

United

States,

comprising

Brown,

Columbia,Cornell,

Dartmouth,

Harvard,

Princeton,

the

UniversityPennsylvania,

and

Yale.Cultural

Link□2.

Harvard-Yale

Regatta□The

Harvard-Yale

Boat

Race

or

Harvard-Yale

Regatta

is

anannual

rowing

race

between

Yale

and

Harvarduniversities.

First

contested

in

1852

,

annually

since

1except

during

major

wars

fought

by

the

United

States,the

Race

is

America’s

oldest

collegiate

athleticcompetition,

predating

the

Game

by

23

years.

Originallyrowed

on

Lake

Winnipesaukee,

New

Hampshire,

it

hassince

moved

to

the

Thames

River,

New

London,Connecticut.Cultural

Link□3.

The

Nobel

Prize□The

Nobel

Prize

was

established

in

accordance

with

thewill

of

Alfred

Nobel—inventor

of

dynamite

and

holderof

more

than

350

patents.

Awarded

annually

since1901,

the

Nobel

Prize

is

the

first

annual

internationalaward

to

recognize

achievements

in

Physics,

Medicine,Chemistry,

Peace

and

Literature.Cultural

Link□3.

The

Nobel

PrizeNobel

prizes

have

been

awarded

to

members

ofCambridge

University

for

significant

advances

as

diverseas

the

discovery

of

the

structure

of

DNA,

thedevelopment

of

a

national

income

accounting

system,the

mastery

of

an

epic

and

narrative

psychological

artand

the

discovery

of

penicillin.Cultural

Link□4.

University

of

Cambridge

and

Nobel

Prize

Winners□The

University

of

Cambridge

has

more

Nobel

Prize

winners

thanany

other

institution.81

affiliates

of

the

University

of

Cambridge

have

won

theNobel

Prize

since

1904.Affiliates

have

won

in

every

category,

with

29

Nobel

prizesPhysics,

22

in

Medicine,

19

in

Chemistry,

7

in

Economics,

2

inLiterature

and

2

in

Peace.Unit

1Section

BImmune

SystemOutlineWord

Building

Power□immuno-:immune免疫的immunity免疫性□carcin-(carcino-):cancer癌Word

Building

Power□immunogenic：产生免疫的□immunogenetics:免疫遗传学□immunopathology:免疫病理学□immunoproliferative：免疫增生的□immunobiology：免疫生物学□immunochemistry：免疫化学□immunosuppressant：免疫抑制剂□Immunotherapeutic:免疫疗法的□acquired

immunity：获得性免疫（后天免疫）Word

Building

Power□artificial

immunity:人工免疫□congenital

immunity:先天免疫（某一个体出生时所具有的免疫）□herd

immunity(community

immunity):群体免疫（流行病学概念）□passive

immunity:被动免疫□im

munosuppression:免疫抑制（借助抗代谢药物，或辐射，或使用抗淋巴细胞血清或环孢毒素使免

疫反应抑制以防止移植物或器官移植物的排斥。

又作immunodepression）Word

Building

Power□immunotherapy:免疫疗法□active

immunity:主动免疫□cell-mediated

immunity:细胞免疫（细胞介导性免疫）□cross

immunity:交叉免疫□local

immunity:局部免疫□maternal

immunity:母源免疫□protective

immunity:保护性免疫Word

Building

Power□cancer:癌（瘤）□cancerous:与癌（瘤）有关的□carcinoma:癌（恶性上脾性肿瘤，为癌瘤最常见类型）□carcinomatosis

(carcinosis):癌病（广泛播散全身的癌）□tumor:肿瘤（因细胞进行性地、不受控制地增生所形成的一个肿块性病变，即新生物。良性肿瘤保持

在局部，而恶性肿瘤则侵润临近组织，并经淋巴或

血流播散，在其他组织和器官产生继发性（转移性）瘤块）Word

Building

Power□neoplasm:肿瘤，新生物（指一种由增殖细胞构成的良性或恶性的扩展性损害）□malignant

tumor:恶性肿瘤□malignant

neoplasm:恶性肿瘤□benign

tumor:良性肿瘤□benign

neoplasm:良性肿瘤□onco-(onc-):肿瘤□oncology:肿学瘤Word

Building

Power□oncogenesis:（肿）瘤形成，（肿）瘤发生□oncologist:肿瘤学家□sarcoma:肉瘤（结缔组织或间充质细胞，如纤维组织、脂肪组织、肌肉组织、血管、淋巴管、滑膜组织、骨和软骨组织构成的一种恶性肿瘤，其准确命名取决于组织的类型，如纤维肉瘤（fibrosarcoma）、脂肉瘤（liposarcoma）、血管肉瘤（angiosarcoma）或骨肉瘤（osteosarcoma））□sarcomatosis

(sarcosis):肉瘤病Word

Building

Power□II.□art

therapy:艺术疗法□behavior

therapy:行为疗法□gene

therapy:基因疗法□speech

therapy:言语疗法□Gestalt

therapy:格式塔疗法□radiotherapy:放射疗法□immunotherapy:免疫疗法□hydrotherapy:水疗□psychotherapy:心理疗法Word

Building

Power□II.□hyperbaric

oxygen

therapy:高压氧疗法□su

pplementary

X-ray

therapy:X射线辅助疗法□chemotherapy:化疗□physiotherapy:理疗□sympathicotherapy:交感神经刺激疗法□sclerotherapy:硬化疗法（应用硬化溶液闭塞患病血管的一种疗法）Watching

and

Doing□Background

Informationabout

Immune

System

andNatural

Killer

Cells□The

immune

system

protects

the

body

against

infectionsby

bacteria,

viruses

and

other

parasites.

It

is

really

acollection

of

responses

that

the

body

makes

to

infectionSo

it

is

sometimes

called

the

“immune

response”.

NaturKiller

Cells

(or

NK

cells)

are

a

type

of

cytotoxic

lymphoccritical

to

the

innate

immune

system.

NK

cells

providerapid

responses

to

virally

infected

cells

and

respond

totumor

formation,

acting

at

around

3

days

after

infectionWatching

and

Doing□Background

Informationabout

Immune

System

andNatural

Killer

Cells□Typically

immune

cells

detect

MHC

presented

on

infectedcell

surfaces,

triggering

cytokine

release,

causing

lysapoptosis.

NK

cells

are

unique,

however,

as

they

have

theability

to

recognize

stressed

cells

in

the

absence

ofantibodies

and

MHC,

allowing

for

a

much

faster

immunereaction.

They

were

named

“natural

killers”

because

ofthe

initial

notion

that

they

do

not

require

activation

inorder

to

kill

cells

that

are

missing

“self

”

markers

ofhistocompatibility

complex

(MHC)

class

1.Watching

and

Doing□Background

Information

about

Medical

Therapies□therapy

(e.g.the

treatment

of

an

illness

or

injury

over

fairly

long

period

of

time)意为“治疗，疗法”，指的是对疾病的系统治疗或改善健康的方法。该词常与表示用药方式或治疗目的的构词成分连用。常见的如下：□adoptive

therapy继承性免疫疗法。使用从另一种群或同种的另一个体取得的特异性抗体或使用取之于同种（最好是同基因的）成员的淋巴细胞治疗疾病的方法。Watching

and

Doing□Background

Information

about

Medical

Therapies□art

therapy艺术疗法。应用艺术如舞蹈、音乐、绘画和雕塑，单独或联合应用，作为精神病治疗的辅助方法，为精神病人远离病组或参加群体活动、达到可见的目标以及增强自尊提供机会。□behavior

therapy行为疗法。该疗法根据实验心理学技术治疗与行为有关的疾病或问题。理论上认为不良行为是由于错误学习的结果，这些不良行为能够通过再学习如厌恶疗法、生物反馈法、行为塑造法、系统脱敏以及象征性奖励法来纠正。又称作learning-theory

therapy,

conditioning

therapyWatching

and

Doing□Background

Information

about

Medical

Therapies□genetherapy基因疗法。为了纠正特定的基因缺陷将一个或多个特定的基因引入机体的体细胞、生殖谱系细胞或两者内。□Gestalt

therapy格式塔疗法。这是一种心理疗法，强调反应中的整体性并强调在局部经验和背景经验之间的

意义方面取得适当的平衡。□hyperbaric

oxygen

therapy高压氧疗法。应用比正常大气压更多的含氧空气作治疗。Watching

and

Doing□Background

Information

about

Medical

Therapies□immunotherapy免疫疗法。通过给病人使用从另一个体或另一种群获得的抗体治疗疾病，也被称作被动疗法；或者通过使用对该病相应的抗原使病人获得免疫的方法治疗疾病，也被称作主动免疫疗法。□supplementary

X-ray

therapy

X射线辅助疗法。该疗法是指对已经施行镭或其他放射性制剂治疗的某些器官或身体的某些部位做辅助性的X射