考研《英语一》2023年河北省沧州市南皮县巅峰冲刺试卷含解析

(

考研《英语一》2023年河北省沧州市南皮县巅峰冲刺试卷

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

MadisonWilliamswasstudyinginherbedroomwhenthedoorburstopen.Itwashermother,LeighWilliams,withahorrificandincredible1:"Alittleboyfellintoaseptictank(化粪池),andnoonecan2him."Thenthe

mother3her13-year-olddaughter:"Canyouhelp?"

MadisonandLeighrantoaneighbor's4,wheretheyfoundtheboy'sworriedmotherandotheradults5aseptictankopening.Itwas11inchesindiameter—slightlywiderthanabasketball.Theboy,whowasonlytwoyearsold,

hadslippedinandwas6insideatankthatwaseightfeetdeep.

Madisonquicklysurveyedthe.7.Shewastheonlyonewhocould.8throughthesmallhole.Without

hesitation,shegotonherstomachnexttotheopeningandsaid,".9mein."

Leighandothers10herwaistandlegs."Iwiggled(扭动)myarmsandshouldersuntilIgotthroughthe

11,"Madisonsays.Inside,thetankwasdark,andtheair12.Intheprocess,shejammedherleftwristagainstaconcealedpole,13herlefthand.Ratherthan14herinjury,Madisonskimmedthesurfaceofthesewage(污水),hopingto15theboy.Minutestickedby.16shesawthefaintoutlineofhisfoot.Madisonshothergoodhandoutandgraspedthefoot17."Pullmeup?"sheshoutedtotheothersabove.Then,tenminutesafterMadisonhad

enteredthetank,sheandtheboywere18out.

"Madison'sa(n)19,99saysneighborHolley."Whatotherteenagegirlisgoingto20gointoaseptic

tank?"

1、A.jokeB.storyC.dreamD.experience

2、A.fetchB.findC.reachD.notice

3、A.orderedB.requestedC.suggestedD.scolded

4、A.yardB.studyC.fenceD.basement

5、A.coveringB.repairingC.decoratingD.surrounding

6、A.playingB.floatingC.drowningD.swimming

7、A.atmosphereB.sceneryC.exhibitionD.situation

8、A.fitB.diveC.walkD.survive

9、A.AllowB.LowerC.ThrowD.Push

10、A.heldB.shookC.droppedD.raised

11、A.doorB.centerC.openingD.roof

A.Proved.

12、A.coolB.freshC.smellyD.pleasing

13、A.wrappingB.injuringC.exercisingD.weakening

14、A.giveupB.leaveoutC.sufferfromD.tendto

15、A.feel]B.patC.comfortD.encourage

16、A.afterB.beforeC.sinceD.when

17、A.curiouslyB.slightlyC.aimlesslyD.tightly

18、A.shotB.blownC.liftedD.picked

19、A.heroB.starC.actressD.success

20、A.purposelyB.carefullyC.anxiouslyD.voluntarily

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Markyour

answersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

USscientistssaytheyhavepouredcoldwateronthetheorythatwashinghandswithhotwaterkillsmoregerms(细菌)thanunheatedwater.Thesmallstudyof20peoplefoundusingwaterat15℃(59F)lefthandsascleanaswaterheatedto

38℃(100F).

NationalHealthService(NHS)recommendsthatpeoplewashtheirhandsineithercoldorwarmwater.Inthisstudy,

scientistsatRutgersUniversity—NewBrunswickwantedtofindoutifpopularassumptionsaboutthebenefitsofwarmorhot

waterandofficialguidanceonhotwater—giventothefoodindustryintheUS—heldtrue.Theyasked20peopletowash

theirhands20timeseachwithwaterthatwas15℃(59F),26℃(79F)or38degrees(100F).Volunteerswerealsoaskedto

experimentwithvaryingamountsofsoap.Beforetheystartedthetests,theirhandswerecoveredinharmlessbugs.Researchers

saytherewasnodifferenceintheamountofbugsremovedasthetemperatureofthewaterortheamountofsoapchanged.

ProfDonaldSchaffnersaid,"Peopleneedtofeelcomfortablewhentheyarewashingtheirhandsbutasfaraseffectiveness

goes,thisstudyshowsusthatthetemperatureofthewateruseddidnotmatter."

However,theresearchersaccepttheirstudyissmallandsaymoreextensiveworkisneededtodeterminethebestwaysto

removeharmfulbacteria.

IntheUK,NHSexpertssaypeoplecanusecoldorhotwatertowashtheirhands.Theysayhandsshouldbewashedforat

least20secondsandstresstheimportanceofusingenoughsoaptocoverthewholesurfaceofthehands.Theirguidance

focusesonrubbinghandstogetherinvariouswaystomakesureeachsurfaceofeachhandisclean.

1、Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"pouredcoldwater"inParagraph1probablymean?

B.Contradicted.

C.Created.

D.Accepted

2、Aftertheywashedtheirhandswitheitherhotorcoldwater.

A.volunteersalldidn'tfeelverycomfortable

B.volunteersalltalkedaboutAmericanfoodindustry

C.volunteersstillhadmuchgermontheirhands

D.volunteersnearlyhadthesameamountofgermremoved

3、Howdoresearchersfeelabouttheirstudy?

A.Itispopular.

B.Itisconvincing.

C.Itisincomplete.

D.Itisabstract

4、Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.UsingColdWaterInsteadofHotWater

B.HowtoUseColdWatertoWashHands

C.It'sBettertoWashHandsinColdWater

D.WashingHandsinColdWaterasGoodasinHotWater

Text2

Inthird-worldcountriessuchasSwazilandandHaiti,a$15-dollarinventionismakingaworldofdifference.Nokero,a

companystartedbyBrianRants,sellslampsthatdonotrequirekerosene(蓖麻油).Thesesolarlampshavebecomeastaple(主

流产品)incountriesinAfrica,toprovidelightforreadingandsafetyatnight.

Nokcrohassoldover500,000lampsinover120countriessinceitwasfirstfoundedin2010andRantsthinksthedemandforhisproductwillonlycontinuetoincrease.Mostlampsfoundinthird-worldcountriescurrentlyrequirekerosenetorun.but

kerosenecausesindoorpollutionandhasbeenlinkedtofiresthathavecausedoveramiliondeaths.

Insteadofexperiencingtheeffectsofsmoking40cigarettesadayfromkerosenelamps,Rantsthinkshissolarlampscould

betheanswerforthird-worldcountries.TheEconomistagrees,callingsolarlights"thenextbiginnovationfortheworld's

poor".Nokero'ssolarlampsarehigherinqualityandlessexpensivethanalotofsolartechnology,makingthemapractical

optionformanypeopleinthirdworldcountries.

Ratherthangivingsolarlampstoindividualsinneed.Nokero'smissionistomakethemaffordable.Throughresearch

Rantshasrealizedthatindividualswhobuyasolarproducttakebettercareofitandvalueitmorethaniftheyhadreceivedit

forfree.FamilieswhobuyNokero'ssolarlampsmakeupthecostinjustafewmonthsofnothavingtobuykeroseneorpayfor

off-the-gridelectricity.

SomeactivistshaveattackedcompaniessuchasNokeroforsellingproductstothepoorratherthansimplygivingthemoutforfree.Theyarguethatthesecompaniesunfairlyprofitoffthepoor.However,Rantsdisagrees.Familiesreceiveaproductthat

ismuchhigherinqualitythanwhattheymightreceiveforfreeandfeelasenseofownershiphavingpurchaseditfor

themselves.

1、Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarlampsinthepassage?

A.Theysaveenergyandcausenopollution.

B.Theyequaltheeffectof40cigarettesaday.

C.Theyaregiventotheindividualsfreeofcharge.

D.Theyhelptosavekeroseneinthird-worldcountries.

2、AccordingtoRants,ifthepoorarcgiventhelampsforfree,they

A.willhavetopayforkeroseneorelectricity

B.willnottakegoodcareorvaluethelamps

C.willfeelasenseofownershipofthelamps

D.won'thelptoincreasethesalesofthelamps

3、Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?

A.Aninnovationoftheworld.

B.Advantagesofthesolarlights.

C.Solutiontoworld'spovertyproblems.

D.Heavypollutioncausedbykerosenelamps.

4、WhichworddescribesBrianRants?

A.Honest.B.Thoughtful.

C.Charitable.D.Greedy.

Text3

"Preventingobesity(肥胖)andsmokingcansavelives,butitdoesn'tsavemoney,"reportedresearchers."Itwasasmallsurprise,foritisagainstthecommonbelief,"saidPietervanBaal,wholedthestudy."Butitmakessense.Ifyoulive

longer,thenyourcostsofthehealthsystemwillbemore."

Theresearchersfoundthatfromage20to56,obesepeoplerackedup(累计)themostexpensivehealthcosts.Buton

average,healthypeoplelived84years.Smokerslivedabout77years,andobesepeoplelivedabout80years.Smokersand

obesepeopletendedtohavemoreheartdiseasethanhealthypeople.Thereforeinthelongrun,thethinandhealthygroupspent

about$417,000,fromage20on.Smokersspentabout$326,000andobesepeople$371,000.

"Theresultthrowsabucketofcoldwaterontotheidea,basedonguesswork,thatobesityisgoingtocosttrillionsof

dollars,"saidPatrickBasham,aprofessorofhealthpolitics."Ifwe'regoingtoworryaboutthefutureofobesity,weshouldstop

worryingaboutitsfinancialimpact,"hesaid.

"Thebenefitsofobesitypreventionmaynotbeseenimmediatelyintermsofcostsavingintomorrow'sbudget,buttherearelong-termgains,"saidBaal."Theseareoftenimmeasurablewhenitcomestopeoplelivinglongerandhealthierlives."Inthemeanwhile,hesaidthatgovernmentsshouldrecognizethatsuccessfulsmokingandobesitypreventionprogramsmeanthat

peoplewillhaveahigherchanceofdyingofsomethingmoreexpensivelaterinlife.

"Lungcancerisacheapdiseasetotreatbecausepeopledon'tsurviveverylong.Butiftheyareoldenoughtoget

Alzheimer's(早老性痴呆病)oneday,theymaysurvivelongerandcostmore.Wearenotadvisingthatgovernmentsstop

tryingtopreventobesity,"Baalsaid."Buttheyshoulddoitfortherightreasons."

1、Amongmiddle-agedpeople,whosecostsofthehealthsystemarethemost?

A.Thosewhoareheavysmokers.

B.Thosewhoareoverweight.

C.Thosewhoaretoothin.

D.Thosewhoaresufferingfromheartattacks.

2、Whatcanweknowaboutthebeliefthatobesitycostsmuch?

A.Itturnsouttobeincorrect.

B.Itcomesfromscientificstudies.

C.Itisbasedonmedicalevidence.

D.Ithaschangedoverthepastyears.

3、Accordingtothetext,governmentsshouldpreventobesityforthepurposeof

A.reducingtheriskofsufferingcancer

B.weakeningobesity'sfinancialimpact

C.makingsureofpeople'slongandhealthylife

D.reducingthemoneyspentonmedicalprograms

4、Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthistext?

A.ARecentMedicalStudyShowstheTruthaboutHealth

B.PreventingObesityandSmokingMayCostMore

C.ObesityandSmokingLeadtoExpensiveDiseases

D.GovernmentsChangeAttitudetowardsObesityandSmoking

Text4

Naturalselectionistheprocessbywhichonetypeofanimalwithinaspeciesthrivesbecauseofcertaincharacteristicsthat

makeitmorelikelytolivethanothersinitsgroup.Thehistoryofthepepperedmoth(灰蛾)isanexampleofthenatural

selectionprocess.

In19thcenturyEngland,certaintypesofpepperedmothswereabletobetterblend(融合)intotheirsurroundings.During

thattimeperiod,greatchangeswerehappeninginGreatBritain.TheIndustrialRevolutionwaspartofthischange,andwithit

cameairpollution.Naturalselectionoftentakeshundredoreventhousandsofyearstooccur.Forthepepperedmoth,this

processoccurredcomparativelyquickly.

AtthebeginningoftheIndustrialAge,mostpepperedmothsinEnglandwerelight-coloredandcoveredwithblack

markings,althoughafewmothshaddark-coloredwings.Becausethelight-coloredmothsblendedintothelight-coloredbark

onthetrees,theycouldnotbeeasilyseenbybirdsthatwouldeatthem.Astheairgrewmorepolluted,however,treetrunks

becamecoveredwithsoot(烟煤)andbecamedarker.Thelight-coloredmothsbecameeasyforbirdstoseeagainstthedarktree

trunks.Sincethedark-coloredmothsnowhadtheadvantage,theirnumbersgrew.Within50years,thepepperedmothwent

frombeingmostlylight-coloredtobeingmostlydark-colored.

Inthe2Othcentury,theairclearedup,andthepepperedmothpopulationchangedagain.Astreetrunkslightedduetolesssootintheair,light-coloredmothsonceagainhadanadvantage.Theirnumbersincreasedassootlevelsdeclined.Dependingon

theirenvironment,thecolorationofthemothshelpedthemtobe"naturallyselected"tosurvive.

1、Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedword"thrives"inthefirstparagraph?

A.Reduces.B.Booms.

C.Changes.D.Endangers.

2、Whatcanweinferaboutthepepperedmoth'snaturalselectionprocess?

A.Thelengthoftimewasunusual.

B.ThesootlevelsinEnglanddidnotaffectit.

C.Thistypeofcolorchangewastypicalformoths.

D.Itwasagoodexampleofenvironmentalprotection.

3、What'sthedifferencebetweenlight-coloredanddark-coloredmoths?

A.Dark-coloredmothswereoriginallyeasytoseeontrees.

B.Bothkindsofmothspreferredthedark-coloredtrees.

C.Birdsfailedtoseelight-coloredmoths.

D.Thecolorofmothswasunimportant.

4、WhichwouldmostlikelyhappenifsootdarkenedEngland'streesagain?

A.Birdswouldeatfewermoths.

B.Mothswouldnotbeabletostayalive.

C.Light-coloredmothswoulddisturbpeople'slife.

D.Thepopulationofdark-coloredmothswouldincrease.

PartB

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

MartinStrelswimswithaknife1.(fasten)tohisrightleg—incasehemeetssharksandother2.(dead)sealifeinthe

world'swildestwaters3.61-year-oldmarathonswimmerhasannouncedthe4.(tough)challengeofhislife:a

10,000-mile-around-the-worldjourneyonwater5.(draw)publicattentiontotheincreasingwater6.(pollute)Heaimsto

circletheglobeinabout450days,passingthroughoceans,rivers,7.(canal)andotherbodiesofwaterinmorethan100

countriesHewillswimabout5to12hourseachday,dependingontheweatherAboatwillgo8.himandofferemergency

supportandspaceforsmallbreaks

Since2000,Strel9.(swim)theentirelengthoffiveriversinChina,America,etcStrelwillnotbealoneinthewaterHe

sayshewelcomes10.isinterestedinjoininghimforpartsoftheroute

Weuseflowersasmessengerstosaysomethingwemighthavetrouble1.(say)directlyourselvesOvertimeflowershavecometosymbolizethemost2.(power)humanexperiences:beauty,love,hope,andrebirthSweetflowersalonecansaywhatone3.(fear)expressingWe'velistedsomeofthemostfamousflowersthathaveanimportantmeaningInMaoZedong'spoemOdetoPlumBlossom《咏梅》,theplumblossomwasused4.(praise)soldierswhosacrificedtheirlivesforChinesepeople5.greatChinesepoetLiBaifromtheTangDynastyoncecomparedYangYuhuan'sbeautifulface6.bloomingpeonies(牡丹)FloweringinMay,peonies'largepetalsandstrongcolorsarelinkedtoprosperity(成功)andrichnessTheorchid(兰花)iswellknownbecause7.(it)delicatesmellattractslotsofpeopleBeautifularticlesandpoems8.(call)"lanzhang"byChinesepeopleintraditionalChinesecultureRoses,ofcourse,havethemostcolorfulmeaningamongalltheflowersRedrosesmean"Iloveyou"Aredrose,ratherthanyellowroses,actsasthetraditionalromanticgift9.(give)toyourloveonValentine'sDay

Sendingyellowrosescanberisky,astheyrepresenteitherfriendship10.envy

SectionIIITranslation

Directions:

TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)

RedenvelopeshavebeenrelatedtotheChineseLunarNewYearforlong.Imyselfhavehadplentyofexperiences

bothreceivingandgivingoutredenvelopesinthepast,1、Imean,whodoesn'tlovefreemoney?

I'mtrulysurprisedbytheextentofpeople'sobsessionwithvirtualredenvelopesthisyear.Infact,everyoneIknowspentat

leastadayortwocrazilyshakingtheirsmartphones,2、ThankstomessagingappgiantWeChat'snewfeaturewhichallows

userstosendmoneyelectronically,grabbingvirtualredenvelopeshasneverseemedsoeasy.

3、here'showitworks.GiverslinktheirWeChattotheirbankaccounts,andthentheycansendspecifiedamountsofmoney

totheirWeChataccountsthroughapersonalmessage.Theycanalsoputthecashupforgrabsinchatgroupsfulloffriends,

andanyonewhoactsfastenoughwillgetashare.4、

Intheory,thissoundslikeafungame.I'malwaysforsomeharmlessfuninlife,somynaturalresponsewouldbe:Whynot?

Moreover,I'vealwaysbelievedthatit'shumannaturetowantfreestuff,regardlessofwhetheryouactuallyneeditornot.This

maynotbeagoodquality,butit'snotagainstthelaw,5、Consideringthesereasons,Ireallycan'tfaultanyonefortheir

enthusiasmingrabbingvirtualredenvelopes.Iwouldhavedoneittoo,hadInotthoughtlinkingWeChattomybankaccounts

wastoomuchtrouble.

A.andweknoweveryonelikesmoney.

B.andgenerallyspeaking,it'sbeenfun.

C.ifyouwanttobegoodatgrabbingaredenvelope.

D.Justincaseyouareoneoftheveryfewpeoplestillnotonthebandwagon,

E.mostlytryingtogetasmuchluckymoneyaspossible.

F.soIwon'tgetalljudgmentalhere.

G.Later,receiverscantransferthefundsfromtheirWeChatbackintotheirownbankaccounts.

Encouragingfriendstodiscusstheirproblemscanbediffic